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Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To evaluate a prevention strategy implemented to reduce incidence and severity of positioning related pressure injuries affecting pediatric patients in a pediatric critical care unit. Secondary objective was to evaluate compliance with preventive recommendations. The skin in infants or children has important physiological and anatomical differences compared with adults. Further, factors such as the immaturity of the skin and limited activity and mobility in pediatric critical care unit, along with the pressure exerted by medical devices, increases the risk of pressure ulcers in infants and children. The most effective preventive measures specific to this intensive care population need to be evaluated. Quasi-experimental before-after study with consecutive sampling. The effectiveness of the care bundle implementation was evaluated based on the latest evidence (intervention group) versus the application of non-standardized care (control group). Pediatric patients up to 14 years old at risk of suffering from pressure injuries and who were admitted more than 48 h in a pediatric intensive care unit (level III) participated. For the collection of data, two computer programs and the hospital clinical records of each participant were consulted. The data collection period was 6 months per group (pre and post intervention). A sample of 110 patients was obtained (50 control group and 60 intervention group). The cumulative incidence in pediatric patients exposed to the risk of pressure injuries was reduced from 16% to 13.3%; and in the subgroup of patients with prolonged stay (≥28 days), the incidence was reduced from 55.55% to 20%. In the intervention group, category III and IV pressure ulcers were completely reduced. In addition, the total number of pressure injuries decreased by 21.43%. The care bandle recommendations with the highest level of adhesion recorded were: skin inspection, application of hyperoxygenated fatty acids and use of a special support surface. The main risk factor found during the study was the prone position (p < 0.05). The application of a care bundle for prevention can be an effective solution to reduce the number and severity of LPPs in an intensive care unit. The most vulnerable subgroup of patients may benefit from the application of these resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the synthesis, antioxidant and biological evaluation of 32 monosubstituted α-arylnitrones derived from α-phenyl- tert -butyl nitrone (PBN) in the search for neuroprotective compounds for ischemic stroke therapy, trying to elucidate the structural patterns responsible for their neuroprotective activity. Not surprisingly, the N - tert -butyl moiety plays beneficious role in comparison to other differently N -substituted nitrone groups. It seems that electron donor substituents at the ortho position and electron withdrawing substituents at the meta position of the aryl ring induce good neuroprotective activity. As a result, (Z)- N - tert -butyl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanimine oxide (21a) and (Z)- N-tert -butyl-1-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)methanimine oxide (24a) showed a significant increase in neuronal viability in an experimental ischemia model in primary neuronal cultures, and induced neuroprotection and improved neurodeficit score in an in vivo model of transient cerebral ischemia. These results showed that nitrones 21a and 24a are new effective small and readily available antioxidants, and suitable candidates for further structure optimization in the search for new phenyl-derived nitrones for the treatment of ischemic stroke and related diseases. [Display omitted] • Nitrones are privileged candidates for the treatment of ischemic stroke disease. • Simple and versatile PBN-derived nitrones are promising pharmacological candidates. • 21a and 24a induced neuroprotection in primary neuronal cultures subjected to OGD. • 21a and 24a induced neuroprotection in an in vivo model of transient cerebral ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Antidepressant drugs such as Venlafaxine (VFX) and O -desmethylvenlafaxine (ODMVFX) are emerging contaminants that are commonly detected in aquatic environments, since conventional wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove them. They can be precursors of hazardous by-products, such as the carcinogenic N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), generated upon water chlorination, as they contain the dimethylamino moiety, necessary for the formation of NDMA. In this study, the capability of three white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor , Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus) to remove both antidepressants from water and to decrease NDMA formation potential was investigated. Furthermore, transformation by-products (TPs) generated along the treatment process were elucidated and also correlated with their NDMA formation potential. Very promising results were obtained for T. versicolor and G. lucidum , both being able to remove up to 100% of ODMVFX. In the case of VFX, which is very recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment, a 70% of removal was achieved by T. versicolor , along with a reduction in NDMA formation potential, thus decreasing the associated problems for human health and the environment. However, the NDMA formation potential remained practically constant during treatment with G. lucidum despite of the equally high VFX removal (70%). This difference was attributed to the generation of different TPs during both fungal treatments. For example, G. lucidum generated more ODMVFX, which actually has a higher NDMA formation potential than the parent compound itself. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Fungal bioremediation of antidepressants venlafaxine and O -desmethylvenlafaxine. • Study of transformation by-products and evaluation of NDMA formation potential. • Removal of antidepressants between 70 and 100% by T. versicolor and G. lucidum. • Reduction of NDMA formation potential. Promising results of the bioremediation of venlafaxine and O -desmethylvenlafaxine antidepressants, with removals of 70% and decrease of 50% of the NDMA formation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of microalgal consortia for urban wastewater treatment is an increasing trend, as it allows simultaneous nutrient removal and biomass production. Emerging contaminants proposed for the list of priority substances such as the hormone 17β-estradiol are commonly found in urban wastewater, and their removal using algal monocultures has been accomplished. Due to the inherent potential of algae-based systems, this study aimed to assess the capability of native photobioreactor biomass to remove 17β-estradiol under indoor and outdoor conditions. At the same time, the microbial community changes in regular and bioaugmented operations with Scenedesmus were assessed. The results show that almost complete removal (>93.75%) of the hormone 17β-estradiol can be attained in the system under favourable seasonal conditions, although these conditions greatly influence biomass concentrations and microbial diversity. Even under the harsh conditions of low temperatures and solar irradiation, the established consortium removed more than 50% of the pollutant in 24 h. While species from genus Chlorella were stable during the entire operation, the microbial diversity analysis revealed that assorted and evenly distributed populations stimulate the removal rates. Bioaugmentation assays proved that the input of additional biomass results in higher overall removal and decreases the yield per mg of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontoblasts are the dental pulp cells responsible for the formation of dentin. In addition, accumulating data strongly suggest that they can also function as sensory cells that mediate the early steps of mechanical, thermic, and chemical dental sensitivity. This assumption is based on the expression of different families of ion channels involved in various modalities of sensitivity and the release of putative neurotransmitters in response to odontoblast stimulation which are able to act on pulp sensory nerve fibers. This review updates the current knowledge on the expression of transient-potential receptor ion channels and acid-sensing ion channels in odontoblasts, nerve fibers innervating them and trigeminal sensory neurons, as well as in pulp cells. Moreover, the innervation of the odontoblasts and the interrelationship been odontoblasts and nerve fibers mediated by neurotransmitters was also revisited. These data might provide the basis for novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of dentin sensibility and/or dental pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)