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While light is a primary driver of tree growth and development, other environmental variables are also essential, including water, nutrients, and temperature. Ecophysiological studies have helped to uncover mechanisms underlying these interactive processes, but such trials have been mainly conducted on seedlings, with relatively few dealing with trees past the sapling stage. We used environmental and ecophysiological data collected on 28 trees (age 14–20 years) across three study sites in Indiana, USA for several growing seasons to identify variables that drive diameter growth of plantation-grown hardwoods past the sapling stage under non-limiting light conditions. Results showed that water stress (as reflected in leaf water potential) had the greatest influence on growth; relative diameter growth of black walnut ( Juglans nigra L.), northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.), and white oak ( Quercus alba L.) was reduced with increasing water stress. Compared to previous studies carried out with seedlings, results provide some evidence to suggest that ecophysiological responses to water stress may differ between seedlings, juveniles, and mature trees of the same species. Relative diameter growth of black walnut and northern red oak increased with increasing soil or leaf nitrogen. We did not find relationships between relative diameter growth of white oak and nutrient variables. Overall, these results have important implications for reforestation and forest management efforts in light of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Par l’analyse critique du style des figures de rennes et faisant appel à leurs conventions graphiques détaillées et à leurs associations à un bestiaire au sein duquel l’emportent les espèces de climat très rigoureux, tel l’ovibos, le glouton et le saïga, mais aussi le bison en abondance ainsi que le cheval non moins abondant, il apparaît peu vraisemblable, pour ne pas dire impossible, que les rennes de la grotte Chauvet puissent avoir une origine aurignacienne. Cela d’autant plus qu’ils seraient les seuls dans ce cas parmi les cent soixante-six représentations recensées. Leur comparaison avec les rennes figurés dans d’autres sites ne les différencie pas généralement des rennes solutréo-magdaléniens et les rapprochent plus particulièrement du Gabillou par de nombreuses convergences stylistiques. Si déjà A. Leroi-Gourhan avait constaté que la liaison cheval-renne n’apparaissait qu’au Magdalénien, il semble qu’actuellement on puisse vieillir la notion jusqu’au Solutréen supérieur en s’appuyant sur les représentations de notre inventaire, reflétant la péjoration climatique qui survient à ce moment là et favorise l’abondance des deux espèces dans l’environnement. By means of critical analysis of style of reindeers figures calling on graphic detailed conventions and on their associations with a cattle into that species of very rigorous climate prevail over the others, such musk-beef, glutton and saïga, but also plenty of bison's, as well as horses, it appears hardly likely, to do not say impossible, that reindeers of Chauvet's cave can have aurignacian origin. That all the more as they would be all alone in this case among one hundred sixty-six taking the census of representation. Their comparison with the other reindeers of the different sites generally do not distinguish from solutrian or Magdalenian reindeers and bring together particularly with Gabillou by many stylistic concurrents. If A. Leroi-Gourhan has already established that link between horse and reindeer only appears at Magdalenian, it seems now that it is possible to extend to superior Solutrian in support of representations of our inventory, reflecting climate aggravation that takes place at this moment and promotes plenty of two species in the neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used long-term data collected from 22 study sites in northern hardwood stands comprised of sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.), yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), and American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) to establish relationships between sapling abundance and tree ingrowth. After 10 years, postharvest sapling density in the 6 cm diameter class (5.1–7.0 cm) showed linear relationships with ingrowth. Proportion of variation explained ( r 2 ) varied from 36% to 83% depending upon tree species and silvicultural treatment (partial cutting vs. uncut control). After 20 years, linear relationships were also established ( r 2 = 24–65%) between ingrowth and sapling density in the 2 cm diameter class (1.1–3.0 cm). From a wide pool of variables related to stand species composition, climate, physiography, and soil nutrients, postharvest sapling density was most strongly correlated to merchantable tree density ( r = 0.43–0.75). Sugar maple sapling density was also positively correlated with base saturation and calcium saturation of the B horizon ( r = 0.56 and 0.58). Over a 30-year period, the increase in American beech sapling basal area was substantial compared to mitigated increases found in sugar maple and yellow birch depending upon treatment. Our results provide useful information on integration of sapling data into forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Au moyen d’une analyse stylistique (prenant en compte les dimensions, les conventions graphiques, la transcription des détails, le degré d’achèvement des figures et le bestiaire d’accompagnement du mégacéros) et en référence aux différents styles qui se succèdent au cours du temps comme établis par Leroi-Gourhan, il devient possible de réaliser une étude comparative de quarante-neuf représentations de mégacéros recensées dans l’ensemble de l’art des grottes ornées du Paléolithique supérieur. Le constat permet d’établir la présence chronologique du cervidé géant seulement à partir du Gravettien sur les parois des grottes en Espagne et en France avec une progression vers le naturalisme de sa facture au final du Solutréen à la transition avec le Magdalénien initial. Contrairement à l’opinion communément admise jusqu’à présent, le rendu des figures oscillerait, selon les partisans « d’une ère post-stylistique », d’un dessin abouti, bien qu’encore inachevé à l’Aurignacien, à une illustration plus sommaire au Gravettien, pour retrouver la qualité initiale au Solutréo-Magdalénien (7000 à 12 000 ans plus tard) en retraçant des représentations pratiquement à l’identique. Il s’agirait là d’un unicum dans la préhistoire de l’art qui le rend peu plausible, tant il contreviendrait à toutes nos connaissances à son sujet. From a stylistic analysis (taking into account measures, graphic conventions, transcription of details, degree of achievement of the figures and the accompanying animals) and with reference to the different styles that follow on over time (as established by Leroi-Gourhan), it becomes possible to construct a comparative study of forty-nine figures of megaloceros taking the census of all the art of decorated caves in the superior Paleolithic. This report established the presence of the giant deer only from the Gravettian on the walls of caves in Spain and France with a progression towards naturalism of workmanship at the end of the Solutrean at the transition with the initial Magdalenian. Contrary to currently received opinion, the workmanship of the figures oscillates, according to the followers of a “post-stylistic era”, from an outgrowth drawing (although still unfinished) at the Aurignacian to a more summary illustration at the Gravettian, to find again the initial quality at the Solutrean-Magdalenian (7000 to 12,000 years later) sketching representations almost in the same way. It would be an “unicum” in the prehistory of art which gives it little plausibility, so it would be contravening all our knowledge about the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We evaluated the effectiveness of the regular shelterwood system in mitigating water table rise and regenerating a new cohort while favoring red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in an 80-year-old, red spruce – balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) lowland site. We used an experimental design established in 1994, with four completely randomized blocks and five treatments (uncut control, low, moderate, and heavy shelterwood cuttings, and clearcutting). In 2006, final overstory removal was carried out in the three shelterwoods and we monitored the first five growing seasons after treatment. Results showed that final cut did not lead to significant watering-up during the 2006–2010 period compared to levels measured in 1999, but water table levels did not fully recover from shelterwood cutting or clearcutting compared to precut levels measured in 1994. Under conditions of abundant seed supply, poor drainage, and low herbaceous and noncommercial woody competition, clearcutting (0.25ha patches) provided the best red spruce cohort in terms of regeneration density, stocking, and growth. Balsam fir and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) regeneration was abundant in both silvicultural systems. Regeneration density and stocking of red spruce, balsam fir, and all commercial broadleaf species were generally lower inside logging trails than between trails, likely due to disturbance by machinery. For poorly-drained lowland sites, findings indicate patch clearcutting may be more effective in regenerating red spruce than the regular shelterwood system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The introduction of the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. decimated American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) throughout its native range in North America. A blight-resistant backcross hybrid form of American chestnut has been developed, and these backcross trees are likely to be incorporated into restoration programs in the near future. To help guide future afforestation efforts, this study examined juvenile (five growing seasons) morphological and physiological competitive aspects of American chestnut grown in a plantation setting with northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) in Indiana, USA. Species were grown in seven possible species combinations including both monospecific and polyspecific combinations at three densities (1×1m, 2×2m, and 3×3m). Despite an initial advantage in height, American chestnut exhibited the lowest relative height growth in the 2×2 and 3×3m spacings, resulting in less total height compared to the other two species 5years after planting. Relative height growth, as well as final absolute heights, were comparable among species in the 1×1m spacing. Black cherry exhibited 2–3times greater relative ground-line diameter (GLD) growth compared to oak and chestnut at all spacings. Linear regressions showed that growth was generally proportional to net photosynthesis (A) for all species. Increases in A likely resulted from increases in leaf nitrogen concentration. Chestnut exhibited lower A than cherry and oak in years 2 and 3, but no differences occurred in year 4. Additionally, chestnut had significantly higher predawn leaf water potential (leaf Ψ pd) in year 4, reflecting greater drought stress in cherry and oak. While black cherry grew most aggressively, northern red oak and American chestnut performed acceptably, with high survival rates and moderate growth, especially in the 1×1m spacing. American chestnut had the poorest stem form overall, but fared better in the 1×1m spacing where the crown competition factor (CCF) was highest. Hence, an intermediate spacing between 1×1 and 2×2m could optimize chestnut’s growth and stem form. Mixture effects may be attributed mainly to individual species growth characteristics rather than inter-specific interactions during this juvenile developmental stage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We applied four precommercial thinning (PCT) intensities (unthinned control, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5m residual spacings) to aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stems, while preserving understory balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) in an even-aged stratified boreal mixedwood stand. We evaluated treatment influence on aspen and balsam fir growth, and regeneration dynamics over a 10-year period. Compared to the unthinned control, PCT increased relative diameter increment of aspen saplings by 66–85% and relative basal area increment by 234–326%. Increases were similar among PCT treatments. Understory balsam fir regeneration ⩾1m in height at time of thinning strongly benefited from PCT, with increases in height and crown width growth two to three times higher than in the control. The establishment of balsam fir regeneration, however, was not favored by PCT compared to the control. Our results show PCT increased tree size of individual aspen while promoting understory balsam fir growth in this type of stratified mixture. This approach should therefore be useful in limiting hardwood conversion in the boreal mixedwood forest at an early stage in stand development. Developing silvicultural approaches such as this one would be in line with the concept of ecosystem-based forest management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: On the occasion of this previously unpublished parietal representation of the Saïga antelope in the cave at Colombier (Ardèche, France), of which a detailed description is supplied including its position in the cave, the support and its techno-stylistic characteristics, a critical review of all the known representations of the Saïga in parietal art has been carried out. In fact there are at present only six representations of this animal on cave walls, which are known to offer sufficient detail of the species to permit their identification and one of these representations has still to be published. As a basis for the diagnosis, a zoological study of the species is supplied. In order to envisage the place that the Saïga figures could hold in superior Paleolithique man''s thinking, first of all a study comparing the different representations, in particular locality, degree of symbolism, association, style – exclusively due to the engraving technique – has been made. Confirmation of the Saïga as an indicator of climatic conditions is reinforced by the presence of its image at Solutrian and Magdalenian at the same point in time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ecophysiology of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) along a vertical canopy gradient was studied in a mixed species plantation for the first (2007) and second (2008) growing seasons after thinning to understand response mechanisms to increased resource availability. Parameters were affected by the thinning treatment in 2008 only. Thinned trees showed increased light-saturated maximum photosynthesis (A max) from 2007 to 2008 compared to non-thinned trees. This response was likely due to increased light levels near thinned trees (vs. changes in water or nutrient status), because thinning did not affect midday leaf water potential (Ψ md), average daily soil water content (SWC), or leaf nitrogen content per unit area (N a). Plantation thinning did not increase relative diameter growth during the experimental period. This may be due to low thinning intensity and mortality prior to thinning that reduced competition from first-tier neighbors. Certain leaf traits such as leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and N a increased from the bottom to the upper canopy position, but did not influence thinning responses. Distribution patterns of photosynthetic parameters through the vertical canopy gradient were less defined than leaf structural traits such as LMA and N a. Findings reflect black walnut''s large variability in response to thinning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The role of lianas (woody vines) in the development and diversity of both tropical and temperate forests under differing management scenarios has not been thoroughly explored. We examined changes in grapevine (Vitis spp.) densities over time in clearcut stands as influenced by manual tending, physiography, and host tree associations. We used data from long-term studies on 66 clearcut stands dominated by temperate deciduous forest tree species on the Hoosier National Forest in south-central Indiana, USA. Fourteen of the stands had grapevines removed manually, approximately during the stem exclusion stage of development. Grapevine densities steadily increased from age 5 until age 15, which coincides with the period of stem exclusion of these stands. Subsequent grapevine mortality may have been related to light competition. Manually treated stands had similar grapevine densities as untreated stands after 20 years across sites, and it appeared that only on the most xeric area was the grapevine treatment effective in reducing grapevine densities. During early stand development, ranging from ages 5 to 17, grapevine density was strongly related to slope position, but as stands developed through the stem exclusion stage, aspect emerged as a stronger factor influencing grapevine density. Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), walnut (Juglans spp.), and elm (Ulmus spp.) were the most common grapevine host trees under both treated and untreated scenarios, which may be associated with the crown architecture of these species. Results suggest lianas play a critical role in the early development of disturbed forest sites in temperate deciduous forests. With concerns that lianas are increasing in abundance and distribution in these forest types, understanding their role in forest dynamics, such as host tree associations at different stages of development, competition dynamics on different sites and corresponding influences on tree growth, species composition, and diversity, will be critical to decision-making processes in achieving desired management goals in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: We aimed to investigate the determinants and outcomes of multiple complex lesions (MCLs) on coronary angiography in patients with an acute myocardial infarction. Methods: One thousand one hundred fifty-two consecutive nonselected myocardial infarction patients who underwent coronary angiography within 24 hours after admission were analyzed. A complex lesion was defined by the presence of thrombus, ulceration, irregular plaque, and flow impairment. Patients with < or = 1 complex lesion were considered with single complex lesion (SCL), and patients with > 1 complex lesions with MCLs. Results: Multiple complex lesions were identified in 360 patients (31%). Patients from the MCL group were older and had a higher rate of cardiovascular risk factors but were less likely to be smokers when compared with the SCL group. Patients with MCLs were more likely to have altered left ventricular ejection fraction and multivessel disease and showed a trend toward an increased median time delay to revascularization (360 vs 285 minutes; P = .070). Moreover, the C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels increased with the number of CLs. By multivariate analysis, multivessel disease and CRP level were associated with the presence of MCLs. When compared with the SCL group, patients with MCLs had a higher risk of inhospital cardiogenic shock (18% vs 11%; P = .005) and 30-day mortality (11% vs 6%; P = .002). At 1-year follow-up, the presence of MCLs was an independent predictive factor of death. Conclusions: This study shows that the presence of MCLs is associated with worse outcomes and that risk factors such as CRP are able to identify patients at a high risk for MCLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The discovery of four representations of Ibex in stratigraphy, each carved into rock found in fragments from the rock wall, raises the number of specimens of Ibex carvings found in l’Abri du Colombier to fifteen, of which at least two have been precisely dated. Absolute dating data obtained from the fragments, coupled with a meticulous technical and stylistic analysis of these new carvings, by means of a step-by-step comparative study of those, which already exist on the rock walls, allows for a good chronological approach to the decoration found in l’Abri du Colombier. The theory behind these fragmented carvings comes under the scrutiny of J. Combier, who explains that the representations remaining on the rock wall are: “…but remnants of a more widespread decoration, even if they did develop in the area around the cave itself” (1984). Moreover, the wealth and characteristics of the palaeolithic deposits, faunal remnants and technical evidence, together with the argument of a chronological approach to such artistic manifestations allows for an understanding of the human activities, which took place in l’Abri du Colombier. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: The use of adjunctive thrombectomy (AT) as device to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for an acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has shown clinical benefit in randomized trials. Whether this benefit could translate to all patients with partial or complete occlusion of a coronary artery in primary PCI remains to be determined. Methods: From the RICO Survey, all the patients admitted with TIMI grade 0 or 1 before primary PCI for a STEMI < 12 H after symptom onset were included in the study. Among the study population, 156 (29%) patients underwent AT (AT group) and were compared with patients with TIMI grade 0/1 who do not undergo AT (control group, n=384). Results: Patients with AT were younger and less frequently hypertensive. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were more frequently administrated in the AT group. However, a decrease in the rate of patients with TIMI 3 flow grade post PCI was observed in the AT group. Peak creatine kinase was significantly higher in patients with AT while ischemic time was similar for the 2 groups. Stenting the infarct-related lesion was less frequent than in the control group. CV mortality at 30 days and at 1-year were higher in the AT group (11.4 vs. 5.2%, p=0.016, and 14.6 vs. 7%, p=0.013) respectively. By multivariate analysis, AT remains an independent predictor of 1-Y mortality even when adjusted for potential confounders (HR(95%CI):4.95(2.08-11.77)). These results were unchanged when the propensity score for AT was introduced into the model. Conclusions: In the contemporary era of interventional therapy, this large observational study revealed that routine use of AT in primary PCI with a baseline TIMI 0 or 1 flow was not associated with an improved outcome. Prospective studies are warranted to precisely analyse the impact of AT in such patients and to further investigate its potential benefit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Recent findings reported intriguing relationships between obesity and natriuretic peptides. In patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we aimed to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI) and N-Terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) level. Patients and methods: From a French regional survey for acute MI, we formed 739 triplets of patients (n=2217) with an acute MI, matched with respect to age, gender, and renal function (MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease), each classified for BMI groups as obese (BMI> 30 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and normal (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2). Blood samples were taken on admission to assess NT-proBNP levels. Results: Among the 2217 participants, mean age was 68±12 years, 80% were male and MDRD was 75±26 ml/min/1.73m_. Higher prevalence of CV risk factors (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia) was found across the overweight and obese groups. Admission CRP levels were increased in obese patients. Clinical heart failure on admission and LVEF were similar for the 3 groups. When compared with normal BMI, levels of NT-proBNP dramatically decreased by about 20% in overweight and by 60% in obese patients (1046 vs 839 and 444 pg/ml, respectively, p<0.001). An inverse relationship between the propeptide values and BMI was found (r=-0.20, p<0.0001). By multivariable linear regression, BMI was a predictor of logNT-proBNP level. One-Y CV mortality was similar for the 3 BMI groups (p=0.691). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, logNT-proBNP independently predicted 1-Y CV mortality in normal (OR(95%CI), 2.24(1.29-3.89)) and overweight (OR(95%CI): 6.11(2.75-13.60)) patients. However, in obese patients, the propeptide levels failed to retain its prognostic capacity (OR (95%CI): 1.44(0.88-2.35)). Conclusions: In this large contemporary non-selected cohort of MI patients, NT-proBNP levels were dramatically reduced in obese patients even matched for age, renal function and gender. Moreover, in obese patients with acute MI, the significance of the propeptide level as an independent prognostic factor remains to be determined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: Concomitant cetuximab and radiation therapy (RT) can induce severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). OTD70DERM, a regenerating agent (RGTA), is a structural and functional analogue of glycosaminoglycans. Preclinical studies have shown that topical RGTA can markedly reduce radiation-induced mucosal and cutaneous toxicities without tumor protection. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical RGTA on radiodermatitis in patients with HNC undergoing RT and cetuximab, for whom RT-induced skin reactions are frequent and/or severe. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade ≥2 radiodermatitis.Methods and Materials: We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of patients with newly diagnosed HNC undergoing conventionally fractionated RT (70 Gy in 35 fractions) and weekly cetuximab. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive topical OTD70DERM or placebo on irradiated skin once daily. The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0, was used to evaluate radiodermatitis (photographs of radiation zone). The Dermatology Life Quality Index score was also evaluated. All the skin reactions seen on the photographs were scored independently by 2 outside experts.Results: Of the 76 randomized patients (38 in each arm), 72 were available for the final radiodermatitis evaluation (37 in the RGTA arm and 35 in the placebo arm). No significant difference was observed concerning the incidence or duration of grade ≥2 radiodermatitis between the 2 arms (81% for RGTA vs 80% for placebo; P=.9). Also, no significant difference was found between the 2 arms regarding grade ≥2 radiodermatitis evaluated by the 2 experts using the photographs of 68 patients (76% vs 74%; P=.78). Finally, no significant difference was found in the Dermatology Life Quality Index score (score >10, 15% vs 20%; P=.45).Conclusions: Despite the good preclinical rationale, RGTA did not reduce the incidence and severity of radiodermatitis in patients with HNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background and purpose: Post-operative radiotherapy is indicated for the treatment of head and neck cancers. In vitro, chemotherapy potentiates the cytotoxic effects of radiation. We report the results of a randomized trial testing post-operative radiotherapy alone versus concomitant carboplatin and radiotherapy for head and neck cancers with lymph node involvement. Materials and methods: The study involved patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for head and neck cancers with histological evidence of lymph node involvement. Patients were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone (54–72Gy, 30–40 fractions, 6–8 weeks) or identical treatment plus concomitant Carboplatin (50mg/m2 administered by IV infusion twice weekly). Results: Between February 1994 and June 2002, 144 patients were included. With a median follow-up of 106 months (95% confidence interval (CI) [92–119]), the 2-year rate of loco-regional control was 73% (95% CI: 0.61–0.84) in the combined treatment group and 68% (95% CI: 0.57–0.80) in the radiotherapy group (p =0.26). Overall survival did not differ significantly between groups (hazard ratio for death, 1.05; 95% CI: 0.69–1.60; p =0.81). Conclusions: Twice-weekly administration of carboplatin concomitant to post-operative radiotherapy did not improve local control or overall survival rates in this population of patients with node-positive head and neck cancers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Hyperglycemia has been shown to be a powerful predictor of worse outcome after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which could be related to impaired myocardial reperfusion. This study investigated the association between hyperglycemia and ST-segment resolution (STR) after thrombolysis. From the French regional Observatoire des Infarctus de Côte-d'Or survey, admission glucose in 371 patients with STEMIs who were treated by lysis<12 hours was analyzed. The single worst lead electrocardiogram before and 90 minutes after lysis was analyzed, and patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of STR: none (<30%), partial (30% to 70%), or complete (>or=70%). Of the 371 patients, 101 (27.2%) had no STR, 124 (33.4%) had partial STR, and 146 (39.4%) had complete STR. STR decreased with increasing glycemia (p=0.029), and patients with hyperglycemia (glycemia>or=11 mmol/L) were more likely to have no STR. Moreover, hyperglycemia was an independent predictor of incomplete STR even after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio 2.348, 95% confidence interval 1.212 to 4.547). In conclusion, the present study suggests a strong association between hyperglycemia and electrocardiographic signs of reperfusion in patients with STEMIs after lysis and suggests the usefulness of evaluating early glycemic control in the setting of reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]