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Abstract: Pusa RH10, a popular high yielding superfine grain aromatic rice hybrid and its parents Pusa6A and PRR78 are highly susceptibility to blast disease. Marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB) approach was employed to incorporate blast resistance genes viz., Piz-5 and Pi54, from the donor lines C101A51 and Tetep into the genetic background of PRR78 to develop Pusa1602 (PRR78+ Piz5) and Pusa1603 (PRR78+ Pi54), respectively. Foreground selection for the genes Piz-5 and Pi54 was effected using tightly linked molecular markers, AP5930 and RM206, respectively in two independent backcross series. Further, foreground selection was coupled with stringent phenotypic selection for agronomic, grain and cooking quality traits, to accelerate recurrent parent phenome recovery. Five superior BC2F2 plants homozygous from each of the backcross series were selected and advanced to BC2F5 generation through pedigree selection to develop improved versions of PRR78 with blast resistance. Background analysis revealed the recurrent parent genome recovery up to 89.01% and 87.88% in Pusa1602 and Pusa1603 lines, respectively. The hybrids produced by crossing Pusa6A with improved lines of PRR78, were on par with original Pusa RH10 in terms of yield, grain and cooking quality traits with an added advantage of blast resistance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background Septic complications reported from stones and concretions lost in the peritoneal cavity following laparoscopic cholecystectomy reflect the infective potential of gallstones. Although bacteria have been demonstrated in the core of gallstones by scanning electron microscopy and molecular genetic techniques, gallstone culture is the only conclusive proof of whether such bacteria are viable and can cause infection. Methods Gallstones retrieved from patients undergoing cholecystectomy were decontaminated after surface cleaning with alcohol, and each core was scooped for culture. Results In this study organisms were cultured from the cores of gallstones in 81% of cases of cholelithiasis and 77% of cases of gallbladder carcinoma, irrespective of stone type and size. Both enteric (57.5%) and non-enteric (20%) organisms were isolated in cholelithiasis, whereas only enteric bacteria could be cultured from cases of gallbladder carcinoma. Long thought to be a causative agent, Salmonella organisms were detected in none of the 14 cases of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusion Contrary to the popular belief that bacteria inside gallstones are dead, gallstones from most patients contain live bacteria with the potential to cause infective complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]