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In response to the escalating environmental impact of fossil fuels, there's a growing demand for clean energy solutions, particularly efficient metal-air batteries. Metal-air batteries are promising for energy storage, boasting abundant materials and low cost. However, their efficiency is hindered by slow oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Synthesizing effective and stable oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for enhancing battery performance. Here, this work used a simple solvothermal method to synthesize Iron–Cobalt metal-organic framework (FeCo-MOF), Manganese–Iron–Cobalt metal-organic framework (MnFeCo-MOF), and their composites with (1, 3, and 5) wt% rGO and characterized via using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical testing was conducted in 1 M KOH solution for both OER and ORR. The 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF shown the lowest overpotential of 54 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and the lowest Tafel slope of 63.4 mV/dec, with highest current density of 79.42 mA/cm2 at 25 mV/s scan rate for OER indicating excellent electrocatalytic activity superior to already reported in literature due to synergistic effect of Mn, Fe, Co, and rGO facilitating rapid electron transfer and more active sites. The 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF exhibited the halfwave potential of 0.74 V for ORR showing excellent activity comparable to commercial catalysts Pt/C. The lower potential gap ΔE 0.66 V from the overall combined plot of OER/ORR shows efficient and stable bifunctional activity of the 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF. These exceptional electrocatalytic properties pave the way for future advancements in metal-air batteries. [Display omitted] • FeCo-MOF, MnFeCo-MOF, and their composites with rGO were synthesized solvothermaly at 120 °C. • 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF showed lowest TAFEL slope 63.4 mV/dec and overpotential of 54 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for OER. • 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF for ORR has a halfwave potential of 0.74 V. • Exhibited excellent stability studied via chronopotentiometry experiment. • Synergic effect among rGO and Mn, Fe, Co MOF active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the co-pyrolysis of Thar lignite coal and waste plastic was investigated, exploring the effects of different parameters such as the coal to waste plastic blending ratio and temperature. The oil obtained from pyrolysis was analyzed for GCV, viscosity, flash point and for chemical composition through GC-MS and FTIR techniques. The results revealed that a blend of 20 % coal and 80 % waste plastic yielded 67 % pyrolysis oil with a GCV of 42 MJ/kg. It was found that adding waste plastics to coal enhanced both the yield and quality of pyrolysis oil. Physical parameters including viscosity and GCV were found to be highly promising and comparable to regular Petro diesel. According to FTIR, presence of significant quantities of aliphatic and aromatic linkages along with carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups were observed. Similarly, GCMS analysis showed the presence of C 7 to C 20 carbon fractions in pyro-oil of optimum sample. Char residue 21 % was also obtained from the results with carbon contents up to 68 % and less than 1 % sulfur at 80:20 blending ratio of WP and coal. This char residue could be especially useful for use in steam generation or cement industries as clean fuel. • Synergetic effect between waste plastic with Thar lignite coal in co-pyrolysis process was investigated. • The co-feeding process improved the quality and quantity of pyrolysis oil. • Blending waste plastic with lignite coal enhance aromatic contents. • Lignite coal-derived oil can be upgraded via co-pyrolysis with waste plastic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, electrocatalytic studies of highly active and non-precious metal based Cobalt benzene tricarboxlic acid (Co BTC) metal organic framework (MOF) and its reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were performed in an alkaline media by employing cyclic voltammetry. Cobalt based MOF and their rGO composites were solvothermally synthesized. Prepared samples were further characterized for structural and morphological analysis through X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. During CV studies the main emphasis was to observe the effect of rGO concentration on electrochemical response of synthesized materials for OER. Co BTC-5 wt % rGO (Cobalt benzene tricarboxlic acid-reduced graphene oxide) composite with current density of 10 mA/cm2 at over potential 0.29 V vs. RHE proved to be a potential candidate due to its high activity and stability for OER. Image 1 • Co BTC-rGO composites were synthesized solvothermaly at 100 °C. • Co BTC-5wt% rGO showed peak current density of 287 mA/cm2 in CV at scan rate of 200 mV/s in alkaline media. • In LSV Co BTC-5wt% rGO showed current density of 10 mA/cm2 at V on set 1.45 V and η 0.29 vs RHE. • Exhibited excellent stability studied via chronoamperometry experiment. • Synergic effect among rGO and Co BTC MOF active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work the electrochemical oxidation of methanol is studied on NiO based MOFs and its composites with reduced graphene oxides. NiO-MOF and its composites were prepared through hydrothermal method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and Raman IR for their morphological and structural properties. The activity of prepared catalyst for oxidation of methanol was tested via cyclic voltammetry (CV) in an alkaline media on glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical performance shows the effect of rGO concentration on methanol oxidation. The electro oxidation catalyzed by NiO-MOF and NiO-MOF/rGO composites exhibits a magnificent peak current density of 275.85 mA/cm2 at 0.8 V potential with a scan rate 50 mV/s making them a potential candidate for electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work utilized an innovative and economical remediation method to convert inexpensive waste feedstock into extremely useful catalysts. The procedure centered on polyethylene (PE), an easily accessible substance, and effectively transformed it at a mild temperature utilizing a new solvothermal technique, which entailed the reaction of sulfuric acid with PE chains at 120 °C. Throughout this process, the polymer experienced a pivotal cross-linking stage, resulting in its conversion into carbon materials when exposed to temperatures above 500 °C. To improve the catalytic characteristics, platinum (Pt) was effectively integrated into the resultant carbon matrix using the existing impregnation technique. Further, the catalyst's physicochemical properties were thoroughly analyzed utilizing SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. After that, the catalyst's performance was thoroughly evaluated in several electrocatalytic reactions, such as methanol oxidation, oxygen evolution and reduction reactions, and hydrogen evolution. The results of this investigation reveal the impressive electrocatalytic ability of the Pt/C catalyst made from waste plastic. It was found to be comparable to the best commercially available Pt/C catalysts in all the reactions that were examined. This research not only demonstrates the possibility of using waste plastic for catalyst production, but also serves as the first documented example, based on successfully converting waste plastic bags into Pt/C through the conventional Liquid Phase Reduction (LPR) process. This novel method has great potential for sustainable and ecologically responsible catalytic applications. • The waste plastic derived Pt/C catalyst was prepared by solvothermal method. • For MOR plastic derived Pt/C shows electrocatalytic activity of 96.74 mA/cm2 current density and 46 % stability. • For OER it attain a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a potential of 1.65 V. • For HER achieve current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a low voltage of 39.1 mV. • For ORR it exhibits −2.80 mA cm⁻2 of current density and half potential of 0.86 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botryococcus braunii (B. Braunii) is considered as due to its high capability of large aromatic contents, prominent green microalgae as a renewable energy resource. The aim and novelty of this work is to exploit the pyrolysis characteristics of microalgae with layered and delaminated zeolites using Py-GC/MS. No catalyst and catalytic pyrolysis was compared to evaluate product components formed. Further, the catalytic pyrolysis of botryococcus braunii was carried out in the presence of two zeolites with different pore topology and acidity. The results from non-catalytic microalgae pyrolysis were compared to catalytic pyrolysis together with different catalysts to biomass ratios for aromatic hydrocarbons production. Py-GC/MS results showed the aromatic hydrocarbon production (area%) was significantly improved from zeolite catalytic pyrolysis than non-catalytic pyrolysis. The increase in catalyst to biomass ratio (3:1 and 5:1) resulted in higher aromatic hydrocarbon production. As the catalyst to biomass ratio increased, it is observed that aromatic hydrocarbon content increased as compared to low catalyst to biomass ratio. In addition, ITQ-2 zeolite generated higher aromatic hydrocarbons. This might be due to better pore structure and acidity of delaminated structure as compared to layered structure. This delaminated topology enhances the reactant diffusion and reduces the secondary cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Li-air batteries have maximum theoretical energy density depending on electrolyte. • MXenes synthesis by varying etching parameters, results in unique level of quality. • Ti 3 C 2 T x composites with MOFs shows excellent OER activity and stability. • Nanocomposite supported by the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene enhances the ORR activity. • Ti x C x-1 as cathode catalyst in LAB has good activity and Li 2 CO 3 impact is avoided. Electrocatalysis plays an important role to achieve a sustainable energy economy. Electrocatalysts enable the generation of clean fuels and feedstock of chemicals from several resources such as CO 2 , water, and nitrogen by facilitating many redox reactions in conversion systems and energy storage. The lack of readily available catalysts that meet the requirements of being economical, long-lasting, and efficient is the main biggest challenge to their widespread implementation. The MXenes, 2D new materials emerging family carries a lot of potential as electrocatalysts in MABs because of their exceptional combination of hydrophilicity, higher electrical conductivities, and tunable surface properties. Introduction to metal-air batteries, synthesis methods, MXenes properties, and MXenes electrocatalytic activities applications are described in this article, including their electrocatalytic activity in OER, HER, ORR, and as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. The prospect, challenges, and methods of increasing their electrocatalytic activities in MABs are also discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For metal air batteries the synthesis of highly efficient, sustainable, non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts with bifunctional catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential. In this work via simple hydrothermal method Cu MOF and its g-C 3 N 4 based composites are prepared and characterized via FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX. The Cu MOF and the g-C 3 N 4 -based electrode can work synergistically to enhance the electrochemical process. The Cu MOF accepts electrons, and the g-C 3 N 4 -based electrode donates them. Consequently, improving electron transport between the electrode and oxygen molecule accelerates reaction kinetics. Further, via incorporating g-C 3 N 4 in Cu MOF makes the charge transfer between the electrode and electrolyte effective, making it a viable option for electrochemical devices. In stable states, Cu MOF with 5 wt% of graphitic carbon nitride has a low overpotential (389 mV/10 mA/cm2), a Tafel slope of 26.12 mV/dec, and high stability over 3600 s in 1 M KOH. EIS result showed that g-C 3 N 4 decreases charge transfer resistance by allowing electroactive species to contact the catalyst. Further, via three-electrode setup under nitrogen and oxygen conditions at different scan speeds ORR analysis is done. The composite Cu MOF (5 wt%) exhibits the maximum current density of 1.31 mA/cm2 at 0.05 mV /s scan rate in 1 M KOH, surpassing the original Cu MOF, which produced 1.09 mA/cm2. • Cu MOF and its g-C 3 N 4 based composites, synthesized via Hydrothermal method, and characterized via FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX. • Electrochemical activity is tested in 1 M KOH via CV, EIS, CA and LSV. • For OER Cu MOF/ 5 wt% @ g-C 3 N 4 show low overpotential of 389 mV at 10 mA/cm2, 26.12 mV /dec (Tafel slope). • For ORR Cu MOF/ 5 wt% @ g-C 3 N 4 show an onset potential of 0.88 V vs RHE, and exhibit good stability after 1000 ORR cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing consumer demands for healthy, minimally processed, contamination-free food with extended shelf life have exerted pressure on the food industry to search for more effective and biodegradable packaging materials against spoilage agents. Pectin-chitosan based nanocomposite films were developed and evaluated for the impacts of antimicrobial-loaded nanofillers [(quercetin-loaded nano-liposomes (QNLs)] on the physico-mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties against meat-associated spoilage pathogens. QNLs were observed with an average size of 191 ± 7 nm by dynamic light scattering with a negative zeta-potential value of −37 ± 5.7 mV. Scanning electron microscopy revealed round and smooth surface morphology of QNLs. FTIR spectroscopic analyses confirmed the encapsulation of quercetin in liposomes via weak electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions. The addition of nanofillers in composite films increased the tensile strength (9.74 ± 0.26 MPa) and Young's modulus (24.17 ± 0.64 MPa) of the nano-active films as compared to active films (2.49 ± 0.02 MPa and 5.04 ± 0.04 MPa), respectively. Similarly, opacity (3.10 ± 0.04) and moisture content (31.03% ± 1.81%) values of nano-active films were lesser as compared to non-active films (5.35% ± 0.07% and 84.24% ± 0.45% respectively) owing to the hydrophobic nature of QNLs. Thermal analyses performed by TGA and DSC confirmed the thermal stability of nano-active films. Nano-active films exhibited excellent antimicrobial potential (spot-on-lawn and quantitative food application assays) against multidrug-resistant meat pathogens including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica. Hence, pectin-chitosan based nano-active films have promising applications for the preservation of meat products from spoilage bacteria. • Pectin-chitosan based composite films reinforced with quercetin loaded nanoliposomes (QLNs). • QLNs improved the mechanical strength and thermal stability of nano-active films. • QLNs imparted better water barrier and optical properties to nano-composite films. • SEM revealed homogenous distribution of nanofillers in the microstructure of nano-active films. • Nanofillers embedded films: Broad spectrum activity against MDR meat-borne pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the comparative electrocatalytic study of commercial Pt/C with Mn-Co/C and its rGO based composites (i.e., 1–8 wt% rGO @Mn-Co/C) for methanol oxidation. Catalysts were synthesized by a two-step procedure. Firstly, via the solvothermal method, all catalysts were prepared and then pyrolyzed at 700 °C in an argon and hydrogen mixture environment. The characterization of the Mn-Co/C, 1–8 wt% rGO Mn-Co/C catalysts was accomplished by XRD, SEM, EDX, Raman, TEM, BET and XPS. The as-prepared dodecahedron morphology of the initial Mn-based ZIF-67 particles is retained, with the interconnected sheets of reduced graphene oxide after the pyrolysis in a reducing atmosphere (i.e., Ar+H 2). Among all the catalysts, the 5 wt% rGO@Mn-Co/C catalyst has shown much higher electrochemical activity (i.e., 235.24 mA/cm2) and stability than other rGO-based Mn-Co/C catalysts and also than commercial Pt/C in 1 M NaOH and 3 M CH 3 OH. The presence of support materials such as rGO and the availability of nano porous carbon with Mn and Co may contribute to the improved electrocatalytic activity of 5 wt% rGO Mn-Co/C over Mn-Co/C. With a number of beneficial features in structure, composition, and nitrogen doping level, it results in enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability as well as methanol tolerance when benchmarked with a commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst under the same testing conditions. [Display omitted] • Mn-Co/C composites with rGO (1-8wt% rGO@Mn-Co/C) were synthesized solvothermaly at 120 °C and pyrolyzed at 700 °C. • Synthesized 1-8wt% rGO@Mn-Co/C composites were used as an electrocatalyst for MOR in alkaline media. • 5wt% rGO@Mn-Co/C composite exhibits higher catalytic activity with current density of 235.24 mA/cm2 at 50mV/sec. • Catalytic activity of 5wt% rGO@Mn-Co/C composite is compared with commercial Pt/C. • Enhanced performance is due to synergic effect of rGO and residual metallic Co and Mn nanoparticles entrapped in rGO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) phospholipids-based nanostructures were developed and their functionalization with rhamnolipids (RLs) was carried out to enhance the preservation of cheese against resistant foodborne pathogens i.e., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Void (without nisin) and nisin-loaded RLs functionalized MFGM nanostructures (RLs-MFGM-NS) were fabricated by ultrasonication-assisted self-assembly method. Cubic morphology of void and loaded RLs-MFGM-NS and pristine MFGM nanostructures (MFGM-NS) was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated uniform size ranging from 43 nm (void RLs-MFGM-NS) to 194 nm (loaded RLs-MFGM-NS). FTIR analyses confirmed the electrostatic interaction, predominantly H-bonding and linkage of carboxyl ester group of MFGM with C–H group in RLs after functionalization of NS. Furthermore, quantitative antimicrobial assay on cheese slices confirmed the broad-spectrum potential of intrinsically active nanostructures (due to RLs) having synergistic activity with nisin against L. monocytogenes and E. coli. Hence, nisin-loaded RLs-MFGM-NS can be applied as promising bioactive additives for sustained preservation of cheese. • Development of rhamnolipids (RLs) functionalized milk phospholipids-based nanostructures. • Functionalized nanostructures demonstrated intrinsic antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. • Electron microscopy revealed cubic morphology of nanostructures. • FTIR analyses confirmed the electrostatic interaction between RLs and phospholipids. • Synergistic activity of nisin and RLs against pathogens associated with cheese spoilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sidestream digestate is a liquid effluent stream generated from the anaerobic sludge digestion process in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It is rich in inorganic nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, and it requires further treatment in order to meet the stringent discharge/regulatory standards. It is usually treated through conventional activated sludge process (ASP) in the WWTPs. However, its direct recirculation to the WWTP imparts burden of excess nutrient removal on the biological treatment, i.e. in terms of the increased energy costs for aeration and it can pose a higher risk of eutrophication in the receiving water body. One alternative is the integration of photobioreactor (PBR) with ASP treatment for enhanced nitrogen removal from sidestream digestate. This paper critically reviewed the techno-economic feasibility of integrating a PBR with the ASP of a WWTP for sidestream digestate treatment. It is estimated that the integrated PBR-ASP process requires small land area and can achieve high nitrogen removal. Microalgae, owing to its high ability in nutrient cycling and biomass production, can effectively be used as biocatalysts for the treatment of sidestream digestate. Microalgae can assimilate nitrogen resulting in oxygen production by photosynthesis. The heterotrophic bacteria mineralise the pollutants present in wastewater, i.e. in the presence of oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide through bacterial respiration. The carbon dioxide is utilised by the microalgae to complete the photosynthetic cycle for wastewater treatment, thus decreasing the greenhouse emissions. The microalgae-bacterial treatment as compared to ASP can reduce more than 50% of the energy costs. [Display omitted] • Sidestream digestate requires nitrogen removal to meet the stringent discharge standards. • Photobioreactors can achieve high nitrogen removal and requires small land area. • Lower energy costs and greenhouse emissions are the advantages of photobioreactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of a ZIF-67-based Molybdenum disulfide composite. • Electrochemical measurement showed a high specific capacitance of 612 Fg−1 of the sample having equal molar masses of Mo and ZIF-67/NPC. • The incorporation of ZIF-67/NPC greatly improved the electrochemical properties of MoS 2 the material also showed a high cyclic stability of 92% after 4000 cycles. Here in, we report the synthesis of a ZIF-67-based Molybdenum disulfide composite and analyze the structural and electrochemical properties of the material. A class of zeolitic imidazole framework ZIF-67 (Co) was first synthesized and annealed in a reducing (Ar/H 2) environment. To form Co/NPC (Nano-porous Carbon). Then different masses of Co/NPC were added during the hydrothermal preparation of MoS 2 to check the effect of Co/NPC while the amounts of Mo and S were kept constant. Three samples with different mass ratios CMS-1 (Mo 1 :Co/NPC 0.5), CMS-2 (Mo 1 :Co/NPC 1), CMS-3 (Mo 1 :Co/NPC 2) were prepared. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /NPC composite. Electrochemical measurement showed a high specific capacitance of 612F g−1 for the sample having equal mass ratio of Mo and Co/NPC i.e. CMS-2. The incorporation of Co/NPC significantly improved the electrochemical properties of MoS 2. The material also showed a high cyclic stability of 88.59 % after 9000 cycles. Among the three samples, the Mo 1 :Co/NPC 1 /CMS-2 showed the best performance hence proving to be the optimum ratio. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing strain-induced polarization to amplify the performance of photo-catalytic water-splitting systems has garnered significant attention in view of clean H 2 evolution with no environmental footprint. However, achieving efficient charge separation, high underwater suspension efficiency, and sustained cyclic stability remains a persistent challenge. In this study, we employed a classic low-temperature ball milling technique to synthesize rhombohedral bismuth sodium titanate phase B 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 as a matrix material. One-step superimposed reduced graphene oxide with cobalt oxide loading RGO-Co 3 O 4 is used as reinforcement. The cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4) is expected to speed up classically slow OER reaction. The addition of reinforcement lowers the band gap of our material and makes it more visible light active to optimize full spectrum absorption. We report a 14.79% increase in H 2 evolution with the addition of reinforcement and optimal H 2 evolution was achieved with 5% RGO-Co 3 O 4 (517 μmol/g-h). After the introduction of simultaneous photo and piezoelectric potential by using an ultrasonicator, H 2 evolution is much enhanced 109 μmol/g-h surpassing piezo catalysis 66 μmol/g-h and photo catalysis 64 μmol/g-h. Herein, we also explore renewable alternatives using manure and seawater revealing improved H 2 evolution that is 1.8% and 50.4% respectively. Additionally, the piezo-photo catalyst demonstrates remarkable performance without a sacrificial agent further highlighting its exceptional potential. Moreover, we also uncover the role of Co 3 O 4 as a co-catalyst and RGO as a promoter in direct and indirect z-schemes for water splitting. This work provides insight into harnessing and designing ingenious composites for efficient and stable piezo-photo catalysts for efficient and stable water-splitting systems. [Display omitted] • A novel metal-free BNT/RGO-Co 3 O 4 z-scheme composite piezo-photo catalyst was fabricated successfully. • The same piezo-photo catalyst was used for renewable mediums such as seawater and manure. • The catalyst demonstrates a direct z-scheme for the higher concentration of co-catalyst with no need for promoter. • The inclusion of BNT in the piezo-photo catalyst is responsible for both direct and indirect bands in all composite variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped ZIF-8 catalysts with varying Cu+2 doping. • Electrochemical CO 2 reduction process. Cu30%ZIF-8 showed the highest current density of -40 mA cm−2 at -2.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl. • Better selectivity for CH 4 and CO compared to previous works on Cu electrodes. • High activity is due to crystalline nanostructure, sufficient Cu+2 metal sites, micro-meso dual-porosity nature and broad surface area. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction is a beneficial process for converting CO 2 into useful hydrocarbons, chemicals, and fuels. Many catalysts have been tested before for CO 2 electroreduction however achieving good stability, activity, and selectivity of the required product remains a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the solvothermal synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped ZIF-8 catalysts with varying Cu+2 doping and applying them in the electrochemical CO 2 reduction process. Cu30%ZIF-8 showed the highest current density of -40 mA cm−2 at -2.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl and better selectivity for CH 4 and CO compared to previous works on Cu electrodes. This high activity of the Cu-doped ZIF-8 catalyst is because of the crystalline nanostructure of our catalyst with sufficient copper active metal sites and N-content, micro-meso dual-porosity nature of the structure, and broad surface area of zeolite imidazole framework to work on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes electrocatalytic behavior of amiable and economical iron nickel 2-amioterephthalic acid metal organic framework (FeNiNH 2 BDC MOF) and its 2–6 wt % carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline media. Systematic structural and morphological analysis of solvothermally fabricated Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) based MOF and their CNTs composites was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Synergetic effect of bimetallic metal organic framework (MOF) and conductive CNTs support improves the catalytic response of MOF. FeNiNH 2 BDC-5 wt % CNTs composite demonstrated current density of 10 mA/cm2 at an over potential (η) 0.22 V and onset potential of 1.36 V vs RHE, comparable with RuO 2 state-of-the-art catalytic material for oxygen evolution reaction in a fuel cell. Furthermore, FeNiNH 2 BDC-5 wt % CNTs composite tafel slope of 68.50mV/dec and 0.67s−1 turnover frequency (TOF) ascertain it as a promising alternative candidate towards costly Pt, Pd, Ir and Ru based catalysts. Image 1 • FeNi MOF composites with carbon nanotubes were solvothermally synthesized. • Synthesized FeNi MOF-CNTs composites were studied as electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline medium. • FeNiNH 2 BDC-5 wt % CNTs composite exhibit superior catalytic activity towards OER. • Stability retained by samples was studied via chronoamperometry experiment. • Synergetic effect between CNTs support and bimetallic MOF catalyst exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mo-MOF, MO/NPC and MO-MS/NPC were synthesized via solvothermal method at 200 °C and pyrolysis. • All prepared composites were characterized via SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS. • Synthesized series is tested for methanol oxidation and for oxygen reduction reactions. • MO-MS/NPC demonstrate higher electrochemical activity such as exhibiting 354.2 mA/cm2 current density for MOR and −9.54 ma/cm2 for ORR with low overpotential value of 0.80 V. In this paper, an effective method for synthesizing three different catalysts Mo-MOF, MO/NPC, and MO-MS/NPC by solvothermal preparation and pyrolysis processes has been described. The structural and compositional characteristics of these catalysts have been thoroughly analyzed using SEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TEM characterization techniques. It is noteworthy that MO-MS/NPC has proven to have remarkable electrocatalytic capabilities, exhibiting high current density i.e., 354.3 mA/cm2 and stability in methanol oxidation as well as superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions Because of these qualities, MO-MS/NPC, MO/NPC, and Mo-MOF might be an attractive option as cathodic and anodic materials in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Their higher oxygen reduction abilities as cathode materials can boost the cathodic reaction's effectiveness and encourage the conversion of oxygen and protons into water, and also help methanol to oxidize into carbon dioxide at the anode, liberating electrons that can be used to produce electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm associated microbial resistance is a major concern in oral health and hygiene. Nano-antimicrobials (NAMs) having natural antibiotic replacers e.g. nisin are the possible solution to treat oral infections. In this study, we have developed pH responsive, mucoadhesive protein-polysaccharide [sodium caseinate (NaC)-sodium alginate (AL)] coacervate based nano-carrier systems (PPC-NCS) to prevent and eradicate oral biofilms associated pathogens e.g. Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. PPC-NCS were formed at pH 5 with highest encapsulation efficiency of 75.1 ± 1.2%, then at pH 6 (31 ± 1.1%) and 7 (15 ± 2%). SEM of PPC-NCS displayed smooth and round morphology. Particle size of PPC-NCS was observed to be 244 nm by DLS, with negative zeta potential (−47 ± 4.31 mV). In FTIR analysis, merging of O H stretching peak of NaC (2889.53 cm−1) and CH stretching of AL (2920 cm−1) with appearance of a new peak at 2062 cm−1 was observed that confirmed covalent and hydrogen bonding between two compounds. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays demonstrated better control of nisin loaded PPC-NCS against selected pathogens, while preventing and eradicating bacterial biofilms successfully without any cytotoxic effect. These results recommend that coacervates based NAMs are suitable carriers for pH-triggered release of antimicrobials in the buccal cavity to control biofilm associated oral infections. Unlabelled Image • Potential of pH-responsive delivery of antimicrobials in the buccal cavity • pH-responsive nano-antimicrobials demonstrated excellent anti-biofilm potential. • Coacervation improved the mucoadhesion and release of nisin in simulated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work the catalytic activity of cobalt based MOF and its composites with graphene oxide (GO) towards electrochemical oxidation of methanol is studied. Co-MOF-71 and its GO composites were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, XPS, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. XRD patterns revealed incorporation of GO without disturbing the crystal structure. The synthesized catalysts were tested for their electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline medium. The electrochemical parameters measured with modified GCE represent the effect of graphene oxide on methanol oxidation reaction catalysed by Co-MOF-71. Co-MOF-71/GO composite showed excellent peak current density (29.1 mA/cm 2 ) at lower potential (0.1 V) and scan rate of 50 mV/s. The enhanced electrochemical activity and stability is attributed to the synergetic effect of the MOF and the GO substrate for methanol oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an artificial intelligence-based framework was developed to monitor the efficiency of the carbon capture unit, i.e., the Sour Compression Unit (SCU) and a cryogenic unit, in a cement manufacturing plant. Initially, an Aspen Plus-based model of the SCU and the cryogenic unit was developed. The process model was then transformed into dynamic mode through the interfacing of MATLAB and Excel with Aspen Plus to capture real-time process behavior. Five hundred fifty data samples were generated by varying the process conditions, i.e., inlet water flow rate, temperature, pressure, etc. The dataset was then used to develop ensemble models. Output compositions of the models were CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO. The ensemble models were used as surrogates in Sobol and Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) frameworks to find the most sensitive process conditions that affect the efficiency of the process. The correlation coefficients based on the ensemble models for estimation of the composition of CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO, were 0.9888, 0.9663, and 0.9970, respectively. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the inlet flue gas temperature and pressure were the dominant variables that affect the mole fraction of SO 2 and NO in the flue gas. Besides, the CO 2 recovery was found heavily dependent on temperature of the flash tanks. The proposed framework was highly accurate and will provide a base for real-time implementation of the concept of smart factory in cement manufacturing plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hybrid boiling nano fluid flow is over a porous sheet discuused. • Convective boundary conditions are considered. • Levenberg Marquardt artificial neural networks approach is applied. • Alumina and copper Nanoparticles are used for graphical illustration. • Electrohydrodynamic effects are also taken into account. In the domain of artificial neural networks, the Levenberg-Marquardt technique stands out for its innovative approach and convergent stability. It generates a numerical approach for the progression of a hybrid Cu–Al 2 CO 3 /water nanofluid on a porous stretched sheet (HNF-PSS), employing regression plots, state transition measures, histogram representations, and mean squared errors. This work explores the analysis of the fluid flow problem associated with HNF-PSS, introducing a novel application of an intelligent computing system that utilizes the effectiveness of neural networks trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (NN-TLMA). The initial mathematical expression, expressed in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) for HNF-PSS, undergoes transformation into dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The collection of data for the envisioned NN-TLMA involves parameters influencing the velocity of the HNF-PSS system model, generated using the Lobatto IIIa formula. The efficacy of the suggested NN-TLMA for solving the HNF-PSS is robustly verified by examinations of state transition dynamics, regression analyses, mean square error, and error histogram studies. The consistent alignment of the obtained results with corresponding solutions attests to the legitimacy of the structure, achieving a high level of accuracy within the range of 10–6 to 10–8. Insightful findings demonstrate that the thermal Biot number contributes significantly to an upsurge in fluid temperature. Furthermore, an augmentation in nanofluid concentration and thermal profile is found to increase the porosity strength of the medium. Nevertheless, an attenuation in the velocity profile is noted under these conditions. The application of this simulation work can be found in optimizing the designs of heat exchanger, in biomedical application and in renewable energy processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the escalated global energy requirements while preserving the intrinsic environmental integrity, it is highly important to develop renewable and clean energy sources as the replacement of traditional fossil fuels. Hydrogen is an appealing green energy source due to huge energy density, carbon free by products, renewable and storable nature. Water splitting is an exceedingly important technology for sustainable hydrogen generation. However, the process needs high-performance, stable, and low-cost catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This review article aims to summarize the theoretical understanding of foundations for various H 2 development technologies along with their merits and de-merits. The essence of nanosciences for the development of nanoengineered stable and cost-effective catalysts has been comprehensively showcased by enlightening the outstanding performance of newly emergent nanocatalyst for H 2 production via water splitting. Particular consideration has been devoted to prevalent approaches that can improve the catalytic properties of the categorized nanocatalyst and provide insight towards atomic assembly related mechanism. Future consideration for catalytic enhancement is also discussed. In short, this critical review comes up with the insight essence of hybridized catalyst that are noteworthy for researchers and industrialists to sort out the best class of materials in accordance with hydrogen production techniques. [Display omitted] • Underlying mechanisms for Hydrogen production via existing water splitting techniques have been summarized. • Describes the fundamental insight of material requirements as water splitting catalyst. • Unveils the pros and cons of traditional Nanocatalyst. • Introduce features of emerging MXenes, Nano Encapsulated, Nanocurved, Janus Nanoparticles, and Single Atomic Catalyst. • The new pathways are highlighted to overcome the most encountered challenges in water splitting hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bimetal sulfide based nanoporous material was synthesized from mixed ZIFs (Co, Zn). • In-situ growth of nitrogen doped CNTs resulted in excellent ion diffusion and fast electron transport. • ZIF-8 was assisted in nitrogen doping, and ZIF-67 resulted in CNT growth by increasing the graphitization degree. • The synergic effect of nanoporous carbon and binary metal based sulfide is investigated electrochemically. To synthesize porous carbon-based electrodes for supercapacitors, a bimetallic strategy is used from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), i.e., ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 are used for derived carbon material. The synthesized electrode comprises two metals, nitrogen and nanoporous carbon with sulfur, which have precisely controlled specific surface area, porosity, and graphitization degree. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) methods are used to explore the electrochemical behavior of the prepared materials using three-electrode configurations in an electrolyte solution (2 M KOH). By combining the consequences of sulfur and bimetal, the prepared specimens performed exceptionally well. The modified final ZIF-derived bimetallic sulfide exhibited an enhanced specific capacitance value of 815 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s. According to the findings, the modified composite has very little resistance to charge transfer, a fast frequency response time, and an improved specific capacitance value. The composite's coulombic efficiency remains at 83.9% after 5000 cycles. The final composite's outstanding performance is due to its nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon nature/structure and bimetallic derived sulfide composition. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalyst's composition and rationally designed structure is significantly interlinked with its performance for wastewater remediation. Here, a novel hollow cobalt phosphides/carbon (HCoP/C) as an efficient catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was prepared. The ZIF-67 was synthesized first, followed by phytic acid (PA) etching and then heat treatment was used to get HCoP/C. The PA was used as an etching agent and a source of phosphorus to prepare HCoP/C. To analyze catalytic performance, another solid cobalt phosphides/carbon (SCoP/C) catalyst was prepared for comparison. In contrast to SCoP/C, the HCoP/C exhibited higher catalytic efficiency when used to activate PMS to degrade Bisphenol A (BPA). The results showed that about 98 % of targeted pollutant BPA was removed from the system in 6 min with a rate constant of 0.78 min−1, which was 4 times higher than the solid structure catalyst. The higher catalytic performance of HCoP/C is attributed to its hollow structure. In the study, other parameters such as BPA concentration, temperature, pH, and different catalyst amount were also tested. Moreover, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching analysis confirmed that sulfate radicals were dominant in the HCoP/C/PMS system. [Display omitted] • The hollow cobalt phosphide/carbon (HCoP/C) catalyst was prepared from phytic acid assisted ZIF-67. • The phytic acid played dual role as an etching agent and a source of phosphorus. • Significant enhanced catalytic performance was achieved by the HCoP/C for Bisphenol A removal. • The Sulfate radicals were identified as dominant reactive oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the apparent stagnation in the antibiotic discovery and the propagation of multidrug resistance, Helicobacter pylori associated gastric infections are hard to eradicate. In pursuance of alternative medicines, in this study, covalent modification of chitosan (CS) polymer with curcumin (Cur) was accomplished. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy elucidated the covalent interaction between Cur and CS with characteristic peak of imine functional group (C=N). Scanning Electron Microscopy provided visual proof for surface topology, while size and zeta potential values further affirmed the development of curcumin functionalized chitosan nanosystems (Cur-FCNS). The complexation efficiency of CS with Cur was found as 70 ± 3% at an optimal ratio of 5:1 for CS and Cur, respectively. Cur-FCNS developed with ionic gelation and ultrasonication method demonstrated synergistic anti- H. pylori activity in growth-kinetics and anti-biofilm assays, which was superior to free Cur and even chitosan nanosystems. Under simulated gastric conditions, Cur-FCNS revealed cumulative-release of only 16 ± 0.8% till 40 h, which indicated its improved stability to interact with H. pylori. In silico findings affirmed high binding affinity of Cur-FCNS with multiple bacterial virulence factors. Thus, our results affirmed the exceptional potential of Cur-FCNS as next-generation alternative-medicine to treat resistant H. pylori. • Covalent modification of chitosan polymer with curcumin (Cur) was accomplished. • NMR and FTIR data revealed the successful conjugation of curcumin and chitosan. • Cur-FCNS inhibited the growth of gastric pathogens in planktonic state. • Effective antibiofilm activity of Cur-FCNS: Preventive and therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three dimensional anionic Mn(II)-Oxalate coordination polymer has excellent water oxidation catalytic activity that may offer some new guidance for the design and preparation of highly efficient oxalate based 3D coordination polymers of first row transition metals for WOC. A novel three dimensional coordination polymer {[Mn(ox) 3/2 ][bap].(H 2 O)} n , (1) (ox = oxalate, bap = N -benzyl-4-aminopyridinium) is reported in this work as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) based dispersion condition as well as interactions between the adjacent layers of anionic coordination polymer and N -benzyl-4-aminopyridinium were found necessary for the growth and stability of this architecture. Single crystal XRD, IR and elemental analysis confirmed the formation of compound (1). Morphology and thermal stability were evaluated by SEM and TG respectively. Electrochemical studies were carried out in a three-electrode system using 1 coated FTO as a working electrode using 0.1 M KOH solution. The electrochemical investigation showed that 1 produced a current density of 10 mAcm−2 at a relatively low overpotential (η = 404 mV) while a maximum current density of 62 mAcm−2 was achieved. A catalytic onset potential for OER was observed at 1.5 V (vs RHE) and needed overpotential of 258 mV. The catalyst offered a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.06 s−1 for OER at 404 mV. Long-term stability measurements of 1 were recorded by using chronoamperometry, IR analysis and LS voltammograms for the pristine and post-catalytic 1 coated FTO electrodes that confirmed the durability of the catalyst. The fascinating electrochemical behaviour of 1 toward oxygen evolution reaction can be attributed to its 3D polymeric structure and represents 1 as a robust and efficient catalyst towards OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escalating antimicrobial resistance is causing a major threat to the public health. Failure of traditional antibiotics urges the development of alternative therapeutics, which include biopolymeric nanosystems with intrinsic antimicrobial potential. In the present study, mannose functionalized chitosan nanosystems (M-CNS) were fabricated through reductive amination of chitosan with mannose and further its ionic gelation. Changes in zeta potential and characteristic peaks in FTIR spectra revealed surface functionalization of chitosan with mannose. Zeta-sizer studies disclosed relatively higher size (180 ± 5 nm) of mannosylated CNS as compared to CNS (162 ± 7 nm). Inversely, the zeta-potential was reduced from +32.2 mV to +25.4 mV for M-CNS. Scanning electron microscopy verified the slight increase in size for M-CNS. Antimicrobial evaluation of designed nanosystems as alternative antibacterial agent was assessed by time-kill, polystyrene adherence and antibiofilm assays against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Results indicated that mannose functionalized CNS inhibited the growth of resistant Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes , while demonstrating anti-adherence and biofilm disruption activity. Furthermore, highly resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were also susceptible against M-CNS. This study unveiled the potential of M-CNS against pathogenic, multidrug resistant, biofilm forming bacteria; thus, making them an ideal candidate for developing alternative-medicines to cure the emerging resistant infections. • Intrinsically active chitosan nanosystems (CNS) are effective alternative therapeutics. • Reductive amination approach to synthesize mannose functionalized CNS (M-CNS). • M-CNS effectively inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. • M-CNS demonstrated enhanced activity against resistant biofilms. • M-CNS hold non-toxic profile based on hemolytic and protein denaturation analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well recognised fact that the properties of materials depend on the synthesis technique. We can use this power to change the physical and chemical properties of materials. Metal organic frameworks are porous coordination polymers that have a highly porous structure, great surface area and can be utilised for gas capturing and storage applications. Improving the surface area of MOFs has always been targeted in coordination chemistry. Synthesis reactions need mass physical forces where the mass transfer of reactants is required, and it can definitely be provided by the sonochemical synthesis approach. In this study, the very well-known MOF-2 was re-synthesised using an ultrasonication method. The prepared sample was activated under vacuum to obtain highly porous MOF crystals. All the prepared samples were fully characterized using SCXRD, PXRD, FTIR TGA, SEM-EDS and BET analysis. The results indicated highly crystalline, water stable MOF materials with a high carbon dioxide capture tendency. Moreover, it was found that sonication treatment and vacuum activation at high temperature increases the specific surface area of the prepared samples compared to MOF-2 prepared by a conventional solvothermal synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For alkaline fuel cell, development of highly efficient catalysts based on non-noble metal for oxygen reduction reaction is of high significance. In this work, synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) derived from Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) and their performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium are studied. The NiCo/NCNTs (nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes) showing excellent ORR performance in KOH with current density of −5.6 mA cm−2 and onset potential of 0.98 V vs RHE. The improved electrochemical performance and stability is credited to the synergetic effect of the nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) and the Ni/Co active sites. The alkaline fuel cell performance of NiCo/NCNTs as cathode catalyst was 65 mW cm−2, which is slightly higher than the commercial Pt/C as cathode (60 mW cm−2). These results indicate that NiCo/NCNTs are promising electrocatalysts for ORR in alkaline fuel cell. Image 1026449 • The NiCo/NCNTs showed halfwave potential of 0.88V while Pt/C showed 0.84V. • In AFC, NiCo/NCNTs showed peak power density of 65 mW cm−2. • Synergetic effect of the NCNTs and the Ni/Co active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Entrapment of β-carotene in proteosomes (WPI-MPs-P and CasNa-MPs-P) was ≥90% • Emulsifying properties of WPI and CasNa increased with milk phospholipids (MPLs) • Positive and negative ζ-potential of proteosomes (P) depended on WPI and CasNa shell. • Thermal stability and sustained release of β-carotene from P at gastric and intestinal pH. • Improved digestive stability (>50%) and bioaccessibility (>85%) of β-carotene. Proteosomes (P) based on milk fat globule membrane's phospholipids (MPs), whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (CasNa) were developed by ultrasonication to encapsulate β-carotene. Entirely milk-ingredients based proteosomes (WPI-MPs-P and CasNa-MPs-P) revealed homogenous distribution with size diameters < 250 nm. WPI-MPs-P depicted positive ζ-potential values (+15.7 ± 0.5 mV), while CasNa-MPs-P demonstrated negative (–32.5 ± 3.4 mV) values of surface charge, respectively and hydrophilic nature of proteosomes was observed by measuring contact-angle (θ). AFM and SEM exhibited spherical to oval and slightly irregular morphology of nanocarriers. For various concentrations of β-carotene, the highest encapsulation efficiency of β-carotene was 90 ± 0.2% and 92 ± 0.8% in WPI-MPs-P and CasNa-MPs-P respectively. FTIR analyses confirmed the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions-based encapsulation of β-carotene. Beneficial antioxidant-potential of β-carotene was retained after its encapsulation in the proteosomes. Proteosomes increased the digestive-stability (>50%) and bioaccessibility (>85%) of β-carotene. Thus, milk-ingredients based proteosomes offer a novel-strategy to develop functional dairy products to overcome widespread vitamin-A-deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were engineered using anhydrous milk fat (AMF) as vitamin-D 3 (VD 3) carrier and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) phospholipids (PLs) as surfactants. Significantly higher encapsulation efficiency of VD 3 was obtained (96 ± 2.5%) in AMF-MFGM-PLs NLCs. Void and VD 3 loaded NLCs had diameters of 150 ± 0.2 nm and 167 ± 2 nm and ζ-potentials of −15.5 ± 1.6 mV and −15.9 ± 0.3 mV, respectively. NLCs had spherical morphology; VD 3 was distributed in the lipid core of NLCs via weak electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions. Physical stability in terms of particle size and homogeneity of particles was attained for a three-week storage period. Biphasic in-vitro controlled release kinetics was observed, i.e., burst release followed by sustained release up to 21 days. VD 3 exhibited effective chemical stability (48.3 ± 3.4%) and significantly higher bioaccessibility (88 ± 2.6%) after complete simulated in-vitro digestion. VD 3 loaded NLCs are promising natural vehicles for the effective delivery of less-bioaccessible vitamins to overcome micronutrient deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of membrane with improved carbon dioxide (CO 2) gas separation capability is a significant challenge. However, the fabrication of membrane that efficiently separate and purification CO 2 -containing gases has been the focus of global attention. Cellulose Acetate (CA) has robust reinforcing characteristics when incorporated within a suitable polymer matrix. This work focus on the synthesis of novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by introducing Graphene-grafted bimetallic MOFs in Cellulose Acetate polymer. The graphene-grafted bimetallic MOF (GG-BM MOFs) was prepared by a hydrothermal technique. Whereas, the solution casting approach used to fabricate membranes. The 1–5 wt% of GG-BM MOFs incorporated into the CA matrix. The mechanical, hydrophilicity and adsorption characteristics of fabricated MMMs were investigated. The crystallinity of MMM enhanced after the addition of GG-BM MOFs. In addition, the mechanical characteristics of MMMs were improved with the incorporation of GG-BM MOFs inside the polymer matrix. Maximum stress and strain was obtained for 2 wt% MMM (36.4 N/mm2 and 11% respectively). The CO 2 adsorption performance was evaluated at 10 bar and 45 °C. The FTIR results represent insignificant bond shifting with the addition GG-BM MOFs at these conditions. The overall results showed that MMMs containing 2 wt% GG-BM MOFs have good adsorption properties for CO 2 i.e 3.15 wt% of CO 2. The MMMs have shown a decrease in the mechanical properties and CO 2 adsorption at the higher GG-BM MOFs loading due to the presence of agglomeration which was confirmed through SEM. Thus, the addition of GG-BM MOFs in the CA matrix positively altered the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting MMMs, which could assist them in achieving remarkable CO 2 adsorption at 2 wt%. [Display omitted] • The graphene-grafted bimetallic MOFs were synthesized using a hydrothermal process • Graphene-grafted bimetallic MOF-membranes for toxic contaminants treatment • The uniform dense structure of membrane was obtained • The membrane demonstrated higher CO 2 affinity of 15.7 cm3/g [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Co-pyrolysis of RH, SS and their blends were evaluated using thermogravimetric study. • Coats-Redfern integral method successfully applied on five major reaction mechanisms to estimate co-pyrolysis kinetics. • Thermodynamic parameters of pure biomass and their blends were elucidated using kinetic data at two temperature regions. • ANN is, for the first time, applied to co-pyrolysis process. Abstract This study investigates the thermal decomposition, thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of rice-husk (R), sewage sludge (S) and their blends during co-pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis at a constant heating rate of 20 °C/min. Coats-Redfern integral method is applied to mass loss data by employing seventeen models of five major reaction mechanisms to calculate the kinetics and thermodynamic parameters. Two temperature regions: I (200–400 °C) and II (400–600 °C) are identified and best fitted with different models. Among all models, diffusion models show high activation energy with higher R2(0.99) of rice husk (66.27–82.77 kJ/mol), sewage sludge (52.01–68.01 kJ/mol) and subsequent blends (45.10–65.81 kJ/mol) for region I and for rice husk (7.31–25.84 kJ/mol), sewage sludge (1.85–16.23 kJ/mol) and blends (4.95–16.32 kJ/mol) for region II, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters are calculated using kinetics data to assess the co-pyrolysis process enthalpy, Gibbs-free energy, and change in entropy. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed and employed on co-pyrolysis thermal decomposition data to study the reaction mechanism by calculating Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The co-pyrolysis results from a thermal behavior and kinetics perspective are promising and the process is viable to recover organic materials more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis of high-ash sewage sludge (HASS) is a considered as an effective method and a promising way for energy production from solid waste of wastewater treatment facilities. The main purpose of this work is to build knowledge on pyrolysis mechanisms, kinetics, thermos-gravimetric analysis of high-ash (44.6%) sewage sludge using model-free methods & results validation with artificial neural network (ANN). TG-DTG curves at 5,10 and 20 °C/min showed the pyrolysis zone was divided into three zone. In kinetics, E values of models ranges are; Friedman (10.6–306.2 kJ/mol), FWO (45.6–231.7 kJ/mol), KAS (41.4–232.1 kJ/mol) and Popescu (44.1–241.1 kJ/mol) respectively. ΔH and ΔG values predicted by OFW, KAS and Popescu method are in good agreement and ranged from (41–236 kJ/mol) and 53–304 kJ/mol, respectively. Negative value of ΔS showed the non-spontaneity of the process. An artificial neural network (ANN) model of 2 * 5 * 1 architecture was employed to predict the thermal decomposition of high-ash sewage sludge, showed a good agreement between the experimental values and predicted values (R 2  ⩾ 0.999) are much closer to 1. Overall, the study reflected the significance of ANN model that could be used as an effective fit model to the thermogravimetric experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioaccessibility of lipophilic β-carotene is often compromised and lipid-based colloidal delivery systems (CDS) are considered effective to overcome this issue. In this study, milk phospholipid (MPL), buttermilk powder (BMP) and MPL:BMP composite-nanosystems were developed with encapsulation-efficiency of 91 ± 2.7%. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical morphology of MPL and MPL:BMP nanosystems; slightly irregular morphology was observed in BMP nanosystems. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) for size (172±5–217 ± 2 nm) and polydispersity-index (0.24–0.37) analyses were performed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed β-carotene incorporated through weak electrostatic interaction in nanosystems. The lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity of β-carotene by thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) assay revealed that MPL, BMP and MPL:BMP nanosystems effectively inhibited TBARS (20.6 ± 2.9–50 ± 4.5%) formation. In vitro digestion revealed chemical stability was 82 ± 2.4% while bioaccessibility and effective-bioaccessibility was 94.8 ± 5% and 70.5 ± 3.2% in MPL:BMP nanosystems, respectively. Thus, milk-ingredients-based CDS can provide rational design for nutraceuticals application with enhanced bioaccessibility of β-carotene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface attributes of nanocarriers are crucial to determine their fate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Herein, we have functionalized chitosan with biochemical moieties including rhamnolipid (RL), curcumin (Cur) and mannose (M). FTIR spectra of functionalized chitosan nanocarriers (FCNCs) demonstrated successful conjugation of M, Cur and RL. The functional moieties influenced the entrapment of model drug i.e. , coumarin-6 (C6) in FCNCs with payload-hosting and non-leaching behavior i.e. , >91 ± 2.5 % with negligible cumulative release of <2 % for 5 h in KREB, which was further verified in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Consequently, substantial difference in the size and zeta potential was observed for FCNCs with different biochemical moieties. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of FCNCs displayed well-dispersed and spherical morphology. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity results of FCNCs confirmed their hemocompatibility. In the ex-vivo rat intestinal models, FCNCs displayed a time-dependent-phenomenon in cellular-uptake and adherence. However, apparent-permeability-coefficient and flux values were in the order of C6-RL-FCNCs > C6-M-FCNCs > C6-Cur-FCNCs = C6-CNCs > Free-C6. Furthermore, the transepithelial electrical resistance revealed the FCNCs mediated recovery of membrane-integrity with reversible tight junctions opening. Thus, FCNCs have the potential to overcome the poor solubility and/or permeability issues of active pharmaceutical ingredients and transform the impact of functionalized-nanomedicines in the biomedical industry. • Substantial influence of functional moieties on percent release and entrapment of API • Functionalized chitosan nanocarriers (FCNCs) exhibited spherical morphology. • FCNCs exhibited time dependent phenomenon in cellular uptake and adherence. • Electrophysiology revealed reversible impact of FCNCs on membrane polarization. • Ex-vivo study: enhanced permeation and transport of FCNCs via Franz diffusion cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]