Search

We fabricated (001) vertical diamond metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with oxidized Si-terminated (C–Si–O) diamond channels on the surfaces and trench sidewalls. The C–Si–O diamond surface is approximately 1.0 eV weaker in negative electron affinity than the hydrogen-terminated (C–H) diamond surface, resulting in a smaller valence band bending between the interface of C–Si–O diamond surface and Al 2 O 3 , and larger the difference between the energy values of the fermi level and the valence band on the top (E F − E V), and the threshold voltage (V th) shifts in the negative direction. As a result, the maximum drain current density was 108 mA/mm, the V th was −9.0 V. Compared with conventional vertical diamond FETs using a C–H channel, the V th was shifted more than 20 V in the negative direction to reach normally-off mode. The normally-off operation was achieved while maintaining high current density, which is the first case of normally-off operation that has been observed in vertical diamond FETs. In, addition, it was confirmed that the diode functions as a freewheeling diode by adding a reverse drain voltage and allowing current to flow, and the change of current-voltage characteristics was also investigated by swapping the source and drain positions and performing measurements. [Display omitted] • P-channel vertical diamond MOSFETs are essential to realize high-power high-speed complementary inverters. • The 2DHG can be induced independent of the surface orientation. • Oxidized Si-terminated (C–Si–O) diamond surface can achieve normally-off operation at high drain current density. • High current density of 108 mA/mm and normally-off operation of −9.0 V were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrillin-2 is an extracellular matrix protein. It is associated with elastic fibers in several tissues and is believed to serve as a ligand for [Alpha]v[Beta]3 integrin, the latter being a known morphogen. In this study, the role of fibrillin-2 in lung development was investigated. Also, rat fibrillin-2 cDNA was isolated and sequenced and its spatiotemporal expression determined. It had [approximately]88% homology with human fibrillin-2 and had [Ca.sup.2+] binding epidermal growth factor-like domains, transforming growth factor-[Beta] binding protein motifs, and two RGD binding sites. Northern blot analysis revealed an [approximately]10-kb transcript, and fibrillin-2 expression was developmentally regulated, and it paralleled that of tropoelastin. At day 13 of gestation, fibrillin-2 was expressed in the mesenchyme and at the epithelial:mesenchymal interface. From day 13 to 19 of gestation, its expression intensified and was confined around the tracheobronchial airways, while it lessened during the postnatal period. Immunoprecipitation revealed an [approximately]350-kDa band by SDS-PAGE. Treatment with fibrillin-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide induced dysmorphogenesis of the lung explants. They were smaller and had rudimentary lung bud branches, collapsed conducting airways, and loose expanded mesenchyme. Concomitantly, fibrillin-2 mRNA, antibody reactivity in the explants, and fibrillin-2-specific radioincorporation were reduced. Anti-[Alpha]v and -laminin antibody reactivity and their respective incorporated specific radioactivities were unaltered. These data indicate that fibrillin-2 modulates organogenesis of the lung in the context of epithelial:mesenchymal interactions. Conceivably, the collapse of the conducting airways may also be related to the perturbed biology of the fibrillin-2 interacting protein, i.e., elastin, the latter being critical for the normal biophysiology of the lungs. Key Words: fibrillin; cDNA cloning; extracellular matrix; lung development.

Analyzes the cloning of murine membrane type-1-matrix metalloproteinase. Role of extracellular matrix macromolecules in the regulation of morphogenesis; Association of epithelial cell membrane with metalloproteinase; Exhibition of nucleotide sequence.

Uniform, micron-sized SrTiO 3 particles do not tend to aggregate, and the low surface area of larger particles can be improved by incorporating porous structures, thus offering superior performance for a range of applications. In this study, submicron-to micron-sized SrTiO 3 particles were prepared using hot water or hydrothermal conversion of spherical hydrous titania (TiO 2 · n H 2 O) and porous hydrous titania. When spherical hydrous titania particles were employed as the starting material, spherical SrTiO 3 particles of hydrous titania were obtained via treatment at 120 °C for 24 h. Similarly, the use of porous hydrous titania particles treated at 90 °C for 48 h resulted in spherical porous SrTiO 3 particles with macropores of porous hydrous titania. These porous SrTiO 3 particles have a specific surface area of ~115 m2/g, which is one of the largest among micron-sized SrTiO 3 particles, thereby making them suitable for use as catalysts or photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study enrolled 143 asymptomatic patients with lung cancer detected by mass screening during an 8-year period (January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2000) and who had received a lung cancer mass screening roentgenogram one year before the disease was found. There was no difference between the 5-year survival rates in patients with one-year delayed detection of lung cancer (n=62) and in patients without (n=81) (46 vs. 58%, log rank: P=0.1330, Wilcoxon: P=0.1008). However, according to the tumor size on the overlooked chest roentgenogram, the outcome in stage I+II patients with missed tumors >20 mm in dimension (n=20) was worse than those with missed tumors <10 mm (n=24) or those with missed tumors 10–20 mm (n=18) (40 vs. 82 or 81%, log rank: P=0.0047, Wilcoxon: P=0.0010). All missed tumors in the lung field that did not overlap thoracic components were <10 mm in dimension and appeared as patchy ground-glass opacities, and they could not have been recognized if there was no other information that the tumor developed in that location. This might also be related to the lack of mortality effectiveness of previous lung cancer mass screening problem. Although it may be difficult to find the tumors <10 mm on a chest roentgenogram on mass screening, one-year delayed detection of lung cancer ≤20 mm will not affect the prognosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]