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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) faces numerous problems. The deployment of the sensor nodes in faraway places makes battery replacement a difficult process. As a result, there are energy constraints and security issues. So, the fusion of SDN with WSN is SDWSN, which flexibly brings network management. The main issue here is controller placement, which has an impact on communication dependability, latency, and throughput. The major drawbacks in existing work include high energy consumption, inefficient data collection, increased response time, and poor packet delivery ratio. This paper presents a unique Artificial Intelligence-based method for adaptive quorum-based scheduling and interference-free routing in edge-enabled UAV-assisted Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSNs). It combines energy-efficient clustering with E-DBSCAN, multiple attribute-based software node authentication, and interference-free routing with the IDEE algorithm. The NS-3 tool was utilized to conduct simulations using a setup consisting of 4 edge-assisted UAVs, 4 SDN controllers, and 100 wireless sensor nodes. The findings show considerable improvements in different performance measures when compared to previous techniques. In particular, this suggested approach reduces latency by 64.77 % when compared to DGRL and 66.30 % when compared to ESRA. Additionally, it uses less energy than DGRL and ESRA by 45.74 % and 51.89 %, respectively. In comparison to DGRL and SRA, the packet delivery ratio is enhanced by 27.27 % and 32.43 %, respectively. Furthermore, the Node Network Lifetime is increased by 24.29 % in comparison to ESRA and 12.99 % in comparison to DGRL. Additionally, our method increases throughput by 22.08 % compared to DGRL and 30.56 % compared to SRA, while reducing the Controller Response Time by 2.39 % compared to ESRA and 6.46 % compared to DGRL. These findings demonstrate how well our method improves the effectiveness and efficiency of SDWSNs, making it a viable option for practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare transesophageal echocardiography-guided 2-dimensional and M-mode tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)-guided M-mode TAPSE in terms of accuracy, interobserver, and intra-observer variability. A prospective, observational study. Adult and pediatric operating rooms. Adult and pediatric patients (42 each) undergoing cardiac surgeries. None. Modified midesophageal (Mod-ME), deep transgastric, and transgastric TAPSEs were analyzed for reliability and were compared to TTE TAPSE in both adult and pediatric groups. Modified ME TAPSE showed good method agreement with TTE TAPSE (bias = −0.97, p = 0.08 (adult); bias = 0.17, p = 0.71 [pediatric]), and showed a moderate correlation with right ventricular (RV) fractional area change (FAC) (r = 0.41, p = 0.006, [adult]; r = 0.57, p < 0.001, [pediatric]), with acceptable interobserver variability (percentage error =10.56 [adult]; 4.42 [pediatric]) and intraobserver variability (percentage error = 13.1 [adults]; 12.24 [pediatric]). Transgastric TAPSE poorly agreed with TTE TAPSE and had higher interobserver and intraobserver variability. Deep transgastric TAPSE had good method agreement with TTE TAPSE and had acceptable interobserver and intra-observer variability. Modified ME TAPSE is a reliable and reproducible measure of RV function before pericardiotomy in both adult and pediatric cardiac surgery. Right ventricular FAC values reflected the RV systolic function better than TAPSE after pericardiotomy. Deep transgastric TAPSE is reliable and reproducible but is less accurate than Mod-ME TAPSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buckwheat rutin, sourced from the Himalayan region of Nepal, exhibits significant free radical-scavenging potential. The rutin fraction derived from a tartary buckwheat seeds cultivar NGRC03731 exerts protective effects by preventing cellular damage and regulating proinflammatory cytokines in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The rutin fraction antioxidant properties were investigated using DPPH and ABTS methods in a cell-free system. RAW 264.7 cell viability following exposure to rutin fraction and standard rutin in the presence or absence of H 2 O 2 was determined using the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Free radical generation was evaluated through DCFDA staining. Pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR, while the corresponding protein levels were measured using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rutin fraction markedly reduced NO and PGE2 levels. The viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to H 2 O 2 and co-treated with the rutin fraction retained cell viability. Moreover, the rutin fraction alone (200 μg/mL) did not alter the morphology of RAW 264.7 cells, and reduced cellular damage in the presence of H 2 O 2. TNF-α, COX-2a, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 gene expression was significantly downregulated as well the cytokine protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-10 were markedly down regulated in RAW 264.7 cells treated with the rutin fraction. The results of our study demonstrate the remarkable anti-inflammatory properties of the buckwheat rutin fraction in suppressing inflammatory responses. • Nepal is one of the centres of diversity of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). • NGRC03731(Tartary buckwheat) seeds from Nepal had significant rutin content. • Anti-inflammatory activity of rutin inhibited the production of Nitric Oxide and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to H 2 O 2. • Rutin suppressed inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, COX-2a, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. • Buckwheat rutin - a promising biomolecule for further exploration in the development of anti-inflammatory agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Current developments in COF based membranes for different applications • Modification of COF by functional groups to develop hybrid membranes were discussed • Strategies for COF based membrane fabrication were also highlighted • Filler's selection and future research directions for development of COFs membranes The discharging of toxic pollutants into the ecosystem is a growing concern worldwide. Every year a huge amount of various hazardous materials is released into aquatic ecosystems and air, leading to significant harm to humans and the environment. So, it is necessary to develop advanced engineered nanomaterials such as inorganic, metal organic framework (MOFs) and covalent organic framework (COFs) to protect the environment and people exposed to those harmful pollutants. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous crystalline materials known for excellent separation performance. COFs offer a large surface area, high porosity, low density, flexible molecular sieving, tunable pore size, and high stability, and are compatible with polymers to form MMMs. Furthermore, the modification of COFs by varying functional groups materials will develop high-performance membranes for gas and water treatment and fuel cell applications. This article has discussed the crucial properties of COF materials, such as molecular sieving, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, framework stability, and surface charge required for membrane performance enhancement. The different strategies for COF membrane fabrication, like in-situ growth, layer-by-layer stacking, blending, etc., were also highlighted. The COF membranes for water and wastewater treatment applications, gas separation, and fuel cells were also focused. The performance of literature reported COF membranes were discussed based on their water flux, rejection, gas permeance, selectivity factors, and proton conductivity. Modifying and designing membranes for various separation processes is done by altering the COF's structure and properties to utilize the membrane for practical applications. The fabrication challenges and utilization of COF membranes for different applications and the ways to move forward were addressed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Phase-pure CaWO 4 spheres were prepared by the simultaneous addition of surfactants. • CaWO 4 : CTAB exhibited intense green emission due to luminescent centers (WO 4 2−). • CaWO 4 : CTAB efficiently degraded MB under sunlight in just 40 min. • Electron density distribution analysis reveals CaWO 4 bonding properties. This work focuses on improving the luminescence and catalytic properties of CaWO 4 spheres by manipulating their electron density distribution. The goal is to enhance their suitability for optoelectronic applications and to increase their efficiency in degrading the industrial dye methylene blue (MB). The study utilizes a co-precipitation technique and the addition of three surfactants to synthesize phase-pure CaWO 4 with a tetragonal crystal structure. The synthesis involved a co-precipitation technique with simultaneous addition of three surfactants. Extensive characterization employed various analytical and spectroscopic methods to assess structural, morphological, luminescent, and catalytic properties. Particularly, the use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant induced intense green emission around 500 nm attributed to luminescent center WO 4 2−. Solar irradiation evaluated catalytic performance, with CaWO 4 : CTAB degrading methylene blue remarkably in just 40 min under natural sunlight. The research yielded a CaWO 4 material, particularly when assisted by the CTAB surfactant, exhibiting intense green luminescence, making it promising for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, this material demonstrated remarkable catalytic performance in degrading methylene blue under solar irradiation, suggesting its potential in environmental remediation. The study also delved into electron density distribution by examining differences in bond lengths and mid-bond electron density within a single unit cell, shedding light on the material's underlying properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, functionally graded material (FGM) of Austenitic Stainless Steel-SS 316L and Nickel-based superalloy-Inconel 625 (IN625) was manufactured via Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). WAAM processed FGM was well-formed without any defects and solidification cracking was not observed at the bi-metallic interface (IF) region. Microstructural features show a sharp transition at the IF with a discontinued dendritic structure. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) examination confirmed the fine dissolution of elements at the IF and no major difference in the composition was observed. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) maps confirmed that the grains are dominantly columnar while the IF revealed the smooth crystallographic growth along with large elongated dendrites in the< 001 >direction. The microstructure was mainly austenitic in the SS 316L layers with a lower fraction of ferrite while precipitates were noticed in the IN625 layers within the austenitic matrix. Yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (UTS) of SS 316L and IN625 were comparable with wrought ones. All the IF samples at 90° failed in the SS 316L region because of the lower UTS in comparison to IN625 and the mode of fracture was ductile. Microhardness measurements depicted the gradual change of hardness along the building direction. The present work highlights the potential of WAAM to fabricate FGM with required properties and is a viable manufacturing alternative to the traditional manufacturing techniques for producingFGM's. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, dissolvable green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) were synthesized utilizing 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and p -phenylenediamine (p -PDA) precursors through a single-step hydrothermal method. The synthesized G-CDs were characterized using UV–visible, fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), fluorescence lifetime, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential studies. HR-TEM analysis revealed spherical G-CDs with a uniform particle size of ∼ 4.4 nm. The prepared G-CDs showed remarkable stability under varying physiological properties, photostability, and diverse fluorescence properties in a variety of solvents. The solvatochromic behavior has been exploited to detect water molecules in organic solvents. The G-CDs emitted bright green fluorescence at 513 nm when excited at 370 nm and were used as a fluorometric probe for glyphosate (GLY) detection. Selective quenching of G-CDs fluorescence by GLY was confirmed through Stern-Volmer and time-resolved fluorescence analysis. The calculated limit of detection for GLY was 0.044 μM. These probes exhibited excellent selectivity towards GLY even in the presence of other interfering compounds. These properties of G-CDs have also been utilized to detect a GLY herbicide in real food applications. [Display omitted] • Green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. • G-CDs showed excellent selectivity for glyphosate in real food and water samples. • Solvatochromic behavior of G-CDs was used to detect water molecules in organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Machine learning has applications in the prediction of preeclampsia, and for the prediction of outcomes. • Some simple principles need to be understood in understanding and applying machine learning techniques to preeclampsia. The value of machine learning capacity in maternal health, and in particular prediction of preeclampsia will only be realised when there are high quality clinical data provided, representative populations included, different health systems and models of care compared, and a culture of rapid use and application of real-time data and outcomes. This review has been undertaken to provide an overview of the language, and early results of machine learning in a pregnancy and preeclampsia context. Clinicians of all backgrounds are encouraged to learn the language of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial intelligence (AI) to better understand their potential and utility to improve outcomes for women and their families. This review will outline some definitions and features of ML that will benefit clinician's knowledge in the preeclampsia discipline, and also outline some of the future possibilities for preeclampsia-focussed clinicians via understanding AI. It will further explore the criticality of defining the risk, and outcome being determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BG-AuNPs was synthesized by aqueous extract of black ginger (K. parviflora) rhizome. • BG-AuNPs were spherical, smooth surface without aggregation and about 20–60 nm size. • BG-AuNPs showed an excellent antimicrobial and high antioxidant ability. • BG-AuNPs act as a good catalyst in the methyl orange degradation with NaBH 4. • BG-AuNPs can be used in various biomedical and environmental applications. Plant based synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach which links plants with nanotechnology and look to be the best substitute against synthetic nano-products. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mediated plant extracts are providing huge biological and environmental applications including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial anticancer activities and catalytic action. Kaempferia parviflora (K. parviflora) is a medicinal plant commonly known as black ginger (BG), which has extensive pharmacological activities. AuNPs was synthesized using an aqueous extract of K. parviflora rhizome. The synthesized black ginger gold nanoparticles (BG-AuNPs) was stabilized by chloroauric acid (0.1 mM) and the reaction was completed by 30 min at 30°C. The BG-AuNPs were characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Significant findings The TEM analysis confirmed the BG-AuNPs were well dispersed and smooth surfaced spherical structure with high crystal in nature. The BG-AuNPs showed an excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive microbes and also provided the high antioxidant ability. The BG-AuNPs is a potent catalyst in the MO degradation using sodium borohydride. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3Ghv) compounds were purified and isolated from the anthocyanins extract of Haematocarpus validus. C3Ghv were studied for antioxidant and cytoprotective properties on pancreatic β-cells of rat insulinoma cells (RINm5F) against the oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The exposure of RINm5F cells to C3Ghv at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL for 24 h reduced 10% and 23% cell viability, respectively, as compared to control cells. The pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with C3Ghv (50 µg/mL) increased the cell viability by 29% as compared to control, on being treated with STZ (10 mM) for 24 h. The pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with C3Ghv (50 µg/mL) for 24 h followed by exposure to STZ (10 mM) for 1 h decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 57%, generation of nitric oxide by 22.8%, generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) by 32%, the production of p-ERK ½ by 83%, p-JNK by 82.6%, p-MEK by 57%, and p-p38 MAPK by 64%. The C3Ghv treatment also decreased the ratio of apoptotic proteins Bax to Bcl-2 by 61%, and improved the M2 phase of cell cycle by 75% as compared to STZ treated cells. The overall results suggest that C3Ghv protects pancreatic β-cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, thereby implicating the significant role of C3Ghv as an antidiabetic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Five new rotenoid derivatives were isolated from the rhizomes of white colored variety of Mirabilis jalapa. • Structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. • Compounds 1 , 2 and 8 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. • Molecular docking studies of isolated compounds were performed with three apoptosis proteins, 3H11, 2AR9 and 1X0X. Five undescribed (2-6) rotenoid derivatives along with three known rotenoids (1 , 7 and 8) were isolated from the rhizomes of white colored variety of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. The structures of these undescribed compounds were elucidated based on UV, IR, HR-MS (ESI), 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. Selected compounds were evaluated for their cell viability and proliferation in two cancer cell lines namely, cervical (HeLa), breast (SKBR-3) and normal lung fibroblast (WI-38). Among them, the compounds Boeravinone C (1), Mirabijalone S (2), Mirabijalone T (3) and 4, 6, 11-trihydroxy-9-methoxy-10-methylchromeno [3, 4- b ] chromen-12(6 H)-one (8) showed moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with IC 50 values in the 8.40 − 12.9 μ M range, and compound 8 exhibited cytotoxicity against SKBR-3 cells with IC 50 value of 17.6 μ M. Molecular docking studies of isolated compounds were performed with three apoptosis proteins, 3H11, 2AR9 and 1X0X. These results revealed that the isolated compounds were found to interact with Caspase 8 and 9 along with the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin. Since these compounds exhibit cytotoxic effects against SKBR3 and HeLa cells, they are expected to show apoptosis and may be further utilized for wet lab apoptotic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural waste by-products such as cashew nut shell liquid and rice husk ash were utilized for the syntheses of card-bisphenol (C) and precipitated bio-silica (S), respectively. A hydroxyl terminated card-bisphenol based benzoxazine resin (CHB) was synthesized and then converted it into soft-foam namely benzoxazine-co-urethane pre-polymer (CHB-UF) by polymerizing with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) in the absence of any catalysts or foaming agents. Subsequent thermal ring opening polymerization of CHB-UF at 200 °C provides poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane) hard-foam (PCHB-UF) with little shrinkage. Similarly, different weight ratios of precipitated bio-silica (0–15 wt%) reinforced bio-based PCHB-UF hard-foam composites (PCHB-UFS) were prepared to utilize them for high-k dielectrics and hydrophobic applications. The foam microstructure was ascertained through the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The reinforcement of bio-silica into the CHB-UF foam increases the value of dielectric constant according to the increase in weight percentage concentration, which might be due to the reduction in volume of voids. The neat PCHB-UF possesses the value of dielectric constant of 7.04 with lower value of dielectric loss of 0.01. Similarly, the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 15 wt% bio-silica reinforced composites (PCHB-UFS15) are 10.1 and 0.08 respectively. The PCHB-UFS15 has shown hydrophobic nature with the value of water contact angle of 135°. Data obtained from different studies suggest that the bio-foam composites obtained from sustainable sources can be considered as an efficient dielectric materials used for electronics insulation. [Display omitted] • Development of bio-based cellular structured materials of soft and hard foams through in-situ process. • Agricultural waste byproduct of cashew nut shell liquid was used as a source material. • Card-bisphenol based hydroxyl terminated benzoxazine (CHB) was synthesized. • Bio-based soft-foam (CHB-UF) namely urethane-co-benzoxazine in the absence of foaming agents. • Both the soft-foam and hard-foam possess the hydrophobic behavior and excellent dielectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of six novel polyesters (P 1 -P 6) were obtained via by direct polycondenzation with hydroxyl functional-appended chromone and curcumin based monomers (M 1 , M 2 and M 3) were synthesized and subjected to thermogravimetric and spectroscopic analyses for structural characterization. The synthesized polymers were soluble common organic solvent such as DMF , THF, DMAc and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The molecular weight of the polymers was found to be ranged from 3.390 × 105 – 1.1 × 105 g/mol by GPC-MALS. X-ray diffraction pattern of polyesters indicates P 1 , P 2 and P 3 are amorphous in nature, whereas polymer P 4 , P 5 , and P 6 shows crystalline nature. The receptor VEGFR2 kinase can expand the synthesized molecules into 2D and 3D supramolecular networking through π-π stacking, hydrophobic, and H-bonding interactions. The cell viability effects of polymers on the growth of cell lines A549, HeLa and VERO were evaluated in vitro by MTT assay. The polymer P 3 displayed potent anticancer activity compared to the other polymers. Research is undergone in developing curcumin chromone functional polymer as a workable biopolymer which could find value in the present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although open temporomandibular joint arthroplasty with discopexy is a common treatment for patients with anterior disc displacements without reduction (ADDWo) unresponsive to medical management, there are no studies comparing disc repositioning with bone anchors and conventional discopexy procedure. The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy between disc repositioning with bone anchors and the conventional discopexy procedure for ADDWo of temporomandibular joint refractory to medical management.Patients and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with ADDWo. The primary objective was to compare the improvement in mouth opening (primary outcome variable) between the 2 treatment (primary predictor variable) groups-disc repositioning with bone anchors versus conventional disc plication. Secondary outcome variables were pain measured by visual analog scale, lateral excursions, and position of the disc evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other variables of interest were age, gender, and duration of symptoms. The parameters were evaluated at preoperative, postoperative day 1, and 1-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative period. Categorical variables were compared with χ2 test and continuous variables with analysis of variance and adjusted for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni test.Results: The study sample comprised 14 patients (7 in each group) with MRI-proven ADDWo. Statistically significant differences were found in the improvement of mouth opening between the 2 groups, showing better improvement with bone anchors (14.42 ± 5.96 vs 7.57 ± 7.25 mm; P < .05). The reduction in visual analog scale also showed statistically significant difference with better pain reduction achieved with bone anchor (4.57 ± 1.61 vs 3.28 ± 0.75; P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in lateral excursions and postoperative position of the disc evaluated by MRI between the groups at the 12-month follow-up period.Conclusions: Disc repositioning with bone anchors provides better clinical outcomes in terms of maximal mouth opening and pain scores compared with conventional disc plication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute to strengthening the global market by creating new jobs. Interactions among these companies may indeed be facilitated via e-commerce platforms. However, e-commerce activities seem to be a virtual face-to-face transactions, highly digital, and mutable. E-commerce based SMEs are frequently exposed to virtuous risks and competitive intensity. Blockchain is a digital database with the features of truthfulness, assurance, accountability, and intractability. It is made up of decentralized data storage, a consensus algorithm, and smart contracts. As a result, integrating e-commerce platforms and blockchain networks to help SMEs overcome their security difficulties. Conventional e-commerce platforms and storage depends on authorized intermediary networks or distributed cloud storage. Still, the failure of a single device is a danger, and third parties access, and data storage systems might be subject to data theft attacks. This paper presents a proof-of-authority (PoA) based consensus mechanism for e-commerce platforms in SMEs to address security issues in the network. This manuscript initially developed an energy-efficient PoA based consensus mechanism supported by e-commerce platforms for SMEs. We construct a comprehensive PoA consensus model based on pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) and accumulated validators number (AVN) for adding a new block in the conceptual framework. Finally, we demonstrate the security performance of the proposed consensus mechanism to help SMEs solve finance and trading issues. To evaluate the energy performance of the proposed model, we did a CPU utilization analysis and compared it with existing consensus protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), including the Omicron, and Delta variants, has resulted in severe economic losses and health issues worldwide. This crisis has particularly impacted the human respiratory system, demanding urgent solutions. With this goal in mind, we have developed a novel DyW@MoS 2 -based FPENG for self-powered energy harvesting and a smart mask for monitoring human breath. The highest piezoelectric response was observed at 30 wt% of FPENG (∼1.30 V), which is ∼1.9 times better than MoS 2 –PDMS FPENG. The generated voltages from the FPENG are used to charge capacitors, power the LEDs, and run a wristwatch. Additionally, the RS-FPENG is employed in real-time demonstrations as a self-powered smart mask for monitoring human breath. RS-FPENG showed ∼141 mV even ∼90% humidity, confirming that the water vapor generated doesn't affect human breath monitoring. FFT results revealed that the RS-FPENG can distinguish between normal and fast breathing. By connecting the RS-FPENG to an LED circuit system, the glowing LED can be turned off when a person stops breathing. The fabricated smart mask exhibits excellent unique capabilities, including small size, simple fabrication, easy installation, and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for respiratory system monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Display omitted] • A novel flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (FPENG) based on DyW@MoS 2 –PDMS for dual purpose developed. • The proposed FPENG exhibited excellent performance (∼1.30 V), which is ∼1.9 times better than MoS 2 –PDMS FPENG. • The RS-FPENG showed ∼141 mV even ∼90% humidity, which indicates water vapor does not affect breath monitoring. • FFT results demonstrated that RS-FPENG can distinguish between normal and fast breathing. • The glowing LED can be turned off when a person stops breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Albumin Index is used to define blood-brain barrier impairment. • CSF indices allow for assessing intrathecal antibody production. • The major finding is an association of intrathecal IgG synthesis with a better prognosis. • Elevated Albumin Index correlated with poor Glasgow Coma Scale score. • Longer time to initiating immunotherapy is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices reflecting intrathecal antibody production and blood-brain barrier impairment are not routinely assessed in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE). We aimed to study CSF indices and their association with the prognosis of AE. This retrospective cohort study conducted at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi, India, included 60 patients aged more than 18 years with definite/probable/possible AE admitted to the Department of Neurology from August 2016 to November 2021. We introduced a classification of treatment response based on modified Rankin Scale change over time and treatment modalities. In our cohort of 60 patients (six [10%] seropositive cases), a good rapid treatment response was associated with CSF white blood cell count of more than 4 cells/mm3 (OR, 4.57; 95% CI 1.31–15.96; P =.02) and positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) Local Synthesis (OR, 7.27; 95% CI 1.56–33.86; P =.01). Albumin Index had association with a poor Glasgow Coma Scale score at the nadir of the disease (OR, 1.17; 95% CI 1.01–1.34; P =.04). Similar results were yielded in the seronegative cohort. IgG Local Synthesis appeared to be a strong predictor for good rapid treatment response in both univariate and multivariate (adjusted OR, 28.71; 95% CI 2.12–389.22; P =.01) analysis. Time to immunotherapy was reversely correlated with good response overall (in the cohort with outliers removed [ N = 49]: unadjusted OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99; P =.01; adjusted OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99; P =.008). CSF indices reflecting intrathecal antibody production and blood-brain barrier impairment appear to be promising predictors of disease severity and therapeutic response in patients with autoimmune encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Sodium alginate (NaAlg) polymer composites were synthesized by solution casting technique and doping with ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3). The functionalization structure of the produced electrolytes was investigated using XRD and AC impedance spectroscopy. XRD confirms amorphous nature. The ionic conductivity of the electrolytes is evaluated using ac impedance measurements at temperatures ranging from 303 to 353 K. PVA: NaAlg: NH 4 NO 3 (60:40:15 wt%) blend polymer electrolyte was observed to have the highest conductivity of 1.05 × 10−6 S cm−1. The Arrhenius plot appears to be obeyed by the temperature dependent ionic conductivity and is of non-debye type. Activation energy for best conducting electrolyte was 0.2364 eV. The dielectric relaxation of the polymer electrolyte has been studied, and the results are described. Relaxation time estimated from loss tangent analysis also affirms that value is low for highest conducting sample. Results of CV and LSV studies gave a plausible approach for electrochemical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brugada phenocopy is a brugada-like pattern in ECG seen in some diseases without an inherited channelopathy. The causes of brugada phenocopy are usually reversible. Once the reversible condition resolves, the ECG pattern disappears. There are many conditions that cause brugada phenocopy like myocardial infarction, hyperkalemia etc. Here we report a case of brugada phenocopy induced by consumption of yellow oleander seeds (T. Peruviana). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three previously undescribed dihydro- β -agarofuran sesquiterpenoids ( 1 – 3 ) along with eight known sesquiterpenoids ( 4–11 ) were isolated from the seeds of C. paniculatus . The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of UV, IR, HR-MS (ESI), 1D and 2D NMR data obtained, and their absolute configurations were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All these compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, and antiglycation properties. Compounds 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 and 11 showed good α-glucosidase inhibition with IC 50 values, 39.56 ± 0.761, 35.60 ± 0.843, 36.54 ± 0.173, 44.83 ± 0.453, 42.58 ± 0.209 and 45.84 ± 0.356 μM respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds bind effectively to the active sites of the protein 3A4A, which supports the observed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the visual servo loop including the stereo vision algorithms which are used to determine the co-ordinates of the target., derivation of DH parameters and the development of inverse kinematics matrix and solutions for a proto three degree of freedom robotic arm on which the stereo vision system was tested. The prototype robotic arm reaches to a target to well within 2cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seagrass is a natural, renewable, and much unexplored marine resource, which are capable, and reliable sources in the field of pharmaceuticals and drug discovery. The seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium is our target plant for the study, which was collected from the Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu. The current study is focused to evaluate the cytotoxic, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of S. isoetifolium against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. The cytotoxic evaluation revealed that the extract inhibited MCF-7 proliferation with IC 50 value of 230.32 μg/ml. Evaluation of MCF-7 cell cycles demonstrated that the extract arrested the cell cycle in the S phase and continued to the G2/M phase at half of the IC 50 value. The extract induced apoptotic of MCF-7 cells about 30.61% which was nearly the same with aripiprazole as a positive control (52.35%). Nootkatone significantly binds to the target proteins – HSP 90 and HER2 kinase with the least binding energy was predicted as the most active anticancer compounds by a molecular docking study. In light of the findings, it can be said that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. isoetifolium has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for breast malignancies by acting as an anticancer component. It can be used as an anticancer agent on its own and/or as a scaffold for analog synthesis to develop novel anticancer agents with improved therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) are fascinating porous networks which are extensively investigated due to their several crucial potential applications. The ultrafiltration behaviour of MOF or its hybrid membranes are very exciting. Herein, polysulfone (PSF) was used with MOF, UiO-66-(COOH) 2 (henceforth U) to developed hybrid membrane (U/PSF= 15UX; X = loading % of MOF) by direct blending method through phase inversion process. The attendance of non-coordinated –COOH moiety within MOF and in the hybrid membrane, is expected to enhance the hydrophilicity. Thus, we have added MOF individually from 1 to 10 wt% in each PSF solution for the fabrication of membrane composite. It is noted that the incorporation of more weight % of MOF, the hydrophilicity of the membrane is gradually enhanced as confirmed from the water contact angle (WCA) measurement. The resulting 15U6 membrane (X = 6 wt%) had a much greater water flow (up to 65.30 L m-2 h-1) than the simple PSF membrane (9.251 L m-2 h-1), almost 7 times is enhanced. The rejection % and the antifouling activity of the 15UX membrane were also enhanced. The optimized hydrophilic membrane is used for the separation of water from water/oil mixture. Further, it has employed for the separation of pollutants like humic acid and BSA protein from waste water. Quite interestingly, the optimised membrane showed the enhanced rejection percentages of w/o, BSA and HA from 83.54% to 97.78%, 81.10–93.08% and 82.06–95.52% respectively. The optimized membrane showed the good ultrafiltration recyclability up to eight with nominal changes in the separation efficiencies. [Display omitted] • The UiO-66-(COOH) 2 @PSF membrane was fabricated. • 6 wt% loading of UiO-66-(COOH)2 in composite membrane was found to be optimum. • Modified membranes improved hydrophilicity, permeability and fouling resistance property. • The membranes were efficient for the treatment of o/w emulsion solutions. • The membranes were effective for the treatment of BSA and Humic acid solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A potential photocatalytic activity of MoS 2 -modified g-C 3 N 4 composite for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation is processed under sunlight radiation. The photocatalyst materials (g-C 3 N 4 , MoS 2 , and g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2) were prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal method and the synthesized samples were further characterized through the X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. Initially, the formation of the crystalline structure of (g-C 3 N 4 , MoS 2 , and g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2) samples was identified through the XRD technique. Further, the morphology of the MoS2-modified g-C 3 N 4 when observed through SEM was found to be a regular structure with minute pores and voids when compared to the other two samples resulting in better light absorption capacity. The elemental composition of synthesized composite is analyzed by XPS spectra. The energy band gap investigated through the DRS spectra was 2.9 eV, 1.8 eV and 1.82 eV for the g-C 3 N 4 , MoS 2 , and g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 samples respectively. Further BET, TOC and scavenger radical analysis was conducted on the tested sample to analyze the degradation process. Thus, the composite photocatalyst material of MoS2-modified g-C 3 N 4 has an enhanced recombination electron-hole pair rate. Finally, the photocatalytic feature of the composite (g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2) tested on MB dye solution under sunlight irradiation for 2 hr was found to be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrite nanoparticles are an emerging material for industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, a simple non-aqueous sol–gel method is used to synthesize Cu x Zn (1-x) Fe 2 O 4 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) were utilized to investigate the structural formation and magnetic merits of the prepared ferrite nanoparticles. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic structures with Fd 3 ¯ m space groups for all samples. The increase in cu2+ concentration in zinc ferrite nanoparticles decreases the lattice parameters from 8.4418 to 8.4368. The energy gap of cu2+-doped zinc ferrite increases from 1.89 to 2.04 eV with a decrease in particle size. MH loop revealed an increase in M s and M r Parameters as H c reduces with an increase in Cu2+ concentration in the zinc ferrite matrix. It was discovered that an increase in Cu2+ content improved the antibacterial activities of Cu2+-doped zinc ferrite against all bacterial species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and quercetin have been used as ingredients of functional foods to promote health and prevention of disease. Dietary oxalate and oxalate mediated oxidative stress are the major predisposing factor for calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Thus, the efficacy of indigenous oxalate degrading LAB and QE on urinary oxalate excretion, CaOx crystal deposition, antioxidant activity and histopathology were evaluated in rats fed with a potassium oxalate (KOx) diet. The results indicated that LAB and LAB + QE administered rats significantly reduced the urinary oxalate level when compared to KOx fed rats. QE, LAB and QE + LAB supplemented group rats significantly altered the increased lipid peroxidation and antioxidant depletion as compared with rats fed with KOx. Combined effect of QE + LAB supplementation decreased the CaOx aggregation in urine and kidneys than other groups. The rats fed with a combination of QE + LAB significantly altered the expression of CaOx modulator genes (Osteopontin, renin and angiotensin converting enzyme) and antioxidant genes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). The results suggest that the probiotic LAB and QE combination could be used as ingredients of functional food to reduce oxidative stress and prevent CaOx crystal deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is an increasing trend in the use of information and communication technology devices in new vehicles. Due to these increasing service facilities, driver distraction has become a major concern for transportation safety. To reduce safety risks, it is crucial to understand how distracting activities affect driver behavior at different levels of vehicle control. The objective of this work is to understand how the vehicle and driver characteristics influence mobile phone usage while driving and associated risk perception of road safety incidents. Based on literature review, a man–machine framework for distracted driving and a mobile phone distraction model is presented. The study highlights the findings from a questionnaire survey conducted in Kerala, India. The questionnaire uses a 5-point Likert scale. Responses from 1203 four-wheeler drivers are collected using random sampling approach. The questionnaire items associated with three driver-drive characteristics are: (i) Human Factors (age, experience, emotional state, behavior of driver), (ii) Driver space (meter, controls, light, heat, steering, actuators of vehicle), (iii) Driving conditions (speed, distance, duration, traffic, signals). This mobile phone distraction model is tested using structural equation modeling procedure. The study indicates that among the three characteristics, ‘Human Factors’ has the highest influence on perceived distraction due to mobile phones. It is also observed that safety risk perception due to mobile phone usage while driving is moderate. The practical relevance of the study is to place emphasis on behavior-based controls and to focus on strategies leveraging perception of distraction due to mobile phones while driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective treatment of industrial oil/water emulsion before discharging into the receiving bodies is essential to prevent environmental pollution and its negative impacts on human health. The nanomaterial-incorporated nanocomposite membranes are touted as suitable candidates for removing oil contaminants from water. The selection of nanomaterial in nanocomposite membranes is crucial to fit the intended application. In this study, the performance of four different nanomaterials, i.e., metal-organic frameworks-71 (MOF-71), silicon dioxide (SiO 2), activated carbon (AC), and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), were used as the nanofiller of membranes. The resultant membranes were characterized by FESEM, AFM, water contact angle, and FTIR analysis. The membrane performance was examined in pure water flux (PWF) and oil/water emulsion rejection studies. The enhancement of PWF in SiO 2 , HNTs, MOF-71, and AC-based PEI/PVP composite membranes compared to neat PEI/PVP membranes was 33.33%, 59.25%, 70.37%, and 77.77%, respectively. The PEI/PVP/MOF-71 and PEI/PVP/AC membranes exhibited the best performance for PWF and oil/water rejection. Engine oil/water, hexane/water, and toluene/water % rejection of PEI/PVP/AC membrane was found to be 91.98%, 90.55%, and 93.74%, respectively, significantly higher than the neat PEI/PVP membrane. Furthermore, the nanomaterials-incorporated membrane showed better antifouling properties than the neat PEI/PVP membrane due to enhanced hydrophilicity. The MOF-71 and AC nanomaterials-based PEI membranes exhibited good oil/water emulsions separation due to their reliable adsorption capacity and improved fouling resistance than HNTs and SiO 2 nanomaterials incorporated membranes, which could have a wide range of membrane-based water treatment applications. [Display omitted] • Fabricated PEI composite membranes by incorporating MOF-71, HNTs, SiO 2 and AC nanomaterials. • PEI composite membranes showed enhanced antifouling properties than neat PEI/PVP. • MOF-71 and AC based membrane showed higher oil/water flux and rejection than neat PEI/PVP membrane. • PEI/PVP/AC membrane exhibited 91.98% rejection for engine oil/water emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution by some alkylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [EMIM] + [EtSO 4 ] − , 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM] + [Ac] − , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [BMIM] + [SCN] − , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [BMIM] + [Ac] − and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide [BMIM] + [DCA] − was investigated using electrochemical, spectroscopic, surface morphology, quantum chemical calculations, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and Monte Carlo simulation methods. The studied ILs showed appreciable inhibition efficiencies within the range of concentrations considered. Polarization measurements showed that the studied ILs are mixed-type inhibitors, that is, they inhibit both the anodic mild steel dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions. The adsorption of the ILs on mild steel affords competitive physisorption and chemisorption processes and obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Spectroscopic studies confirmed chemical interactions between the ILs and mild steel, while the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the formation of protective film of the inhibitors on mild steel surface. Theoretical quantum chemical calculations, QSAR analyses and Monte Carlo simulations studies were used to correlate experimental results. The best fit QSAR equations are functions of molecular weight, fraction of electrons transferred from the inhibitor to the metal and dipole moment of the ILs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year, the ultimate goal of emission legislation is to force technology to the point where a practically viable zero emission vehicle becomes a reality. Albeit the direction to reach this target is a formidable challenge, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a new combustion concept to produce ultra low nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and smoke emissions. By the way, an endeavor has been made in this work to achieve a simultaneous reduction in both NO x and smoke levels in a direct injection compression ignition engine converted to operate on premixed charge compression ignition mode. Indeed, these promises were made possible in this work by preparing premixed fuel–air mixture outside the engine cylinder. For this purpose, ethanol was injected in the intake port at various premixed ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) and conventional diesel was injected as usual. It was extrapolated from the experimental results that e-diesel operation can significantly reduce NO x and smoke levels. In addition, NO x and smoke levels reduced in this experimental study with increase in premixed fraction. Nevertheless, unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions exhibited reverse trend with increase in premixed fraction and the maximum value of HC and CO emission levels was noted with 30% premixed fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article details the preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films loaded with nanoclays and chitosan which are the catalysts for retaining the fresh quality of flowers, fruits, and vegetables and extending their shelf life under packed with this film. The development of new packaging films is currently an emerging field for the consumers and edible goods trading industries. Hence, novel bio packaging films with a unique combination is essential to ensure optimum characteristics for the bio packaging films, thereby obviating synthetic plastics. Synthesis and characterization of the formulated blends of carboxymethylcellulose incorporated with chitosan, nanoclays, epoxy, and polyethylene glycol with the addition of lemon leaf extract (LLE) and analysis of their antibacterial activity. The results indicate that when the jasmine flower buds were packed with the synthesized film, retain their buddy state for a minimum of 5 days at room temperature, freshness, and fragrance. Hence, the nano-bio packaging film will ensure the transportation of daily harvested flowers, fruits, and vegetables from farms to firms, stores, and homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study assesses the outcomes of surgical vs. conservative management in the treatment of the Jones fracture. Materials and methods A systematic review using four databases from their inception until September 2014 was undertaken. Six studies were found evaluating operative therapy compared to conservative treatment. Results Six relevant studies were included, with a total of 237 patients. Of these, 51% were treated non-operatively, and 49% had surgical intervention. Those in the non-operative group were found to have a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of fracture non-union (OR 5.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.65–12.40, P < 0.001). Studies also reported a prolonged healing time and a longer time to return to sports. Of the trials with time to union as an outcome measure, 3 of 4 trials found favourable results in the operative cohort. Conclusions Surgical intervention is recommended for patients presenting with a Jones fracture as it is found to result in a lesser non-union rate and an improved time to union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the anti-cancer properties of soil-borne actinobacteria, MJM 8637, the glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) assay, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α assay, the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity, NO scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity in ethyl acetate extract were determined. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637, which was isolated from Hambak Mountain, Korea, has 99.5% similarity to Streptomyces atratus strain NBRC 3897. The physiological and the morphological characteristics of the strain MJM 8637 were also identified. The ethyl acetate extract of MJM 8637 inhibited TNF-α production approximately 61.8% at concentration 100 μg/ml. The IC 50 value of the strain MJM 8637 extract on GST-pi was identified to be 120.2 ± 1.6 μg/ml. In DPPH, NO, and ABTS radical scavenging assays, the IC 50 values of the strain MJM 8637 extract were found to be 977.2 μg/ml, 1143.7 μg/ml, and 454.4 μg/ml, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of the strain MJM 8637 showed 97.2 ± 1.3% of cell viability at 100 μg/ml in RAW 264.7 cell viability assay. The results obtained from this study suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637 could be considered as a potential source of drug for the cancers that have multidrug resistance with its GST-pi inhibition and anti-inflammation activities, and low cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano crystalline materials are an area of interest for the researchers all over the world due to its superior mechanical properties such as high strength and high hardness. But the cost of nano-crystals is high because of the complexity and cost incurred during its production. This paper focuses on the application of Taguchi method with Fuzzy logic for optimizing the machining parameters of nano-crystalline structured chips production in High Carbon Steel (HCS) through machining. An orthogonal array, multi-response performance index, signals to noise ratio and analysis of variance are used to study the machining process with multi-response performance characteristics. The machining parameters namely rake angle, depth of cut, heat treatment, feed and cutting velocity are optimized with considerations of the multi-response performance characteristics. Using the Taguchi and Fuzzy logic method optimum cutting conditions are identified in order to obtain the smallest nanocrystalline structure via machining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependability is an important requirement in hard real-time applications due to the potentially catastrophic consequences of failures. In these systems, fault tolerance mechanisms like temporal redundancy are adopted to improve reliability. Most of these types of systems are increasingly moving towards integrating critical and non-critical functionalities on the same platform to, e.g., better utilize resources and further reduce cost, and are commonly deployed in environments where errors typically occur in the form of bursts e.g., due to Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI). Consequently, in mixed criticality real-time systems, the designer must guarantee that critical tasks are feasible even under the presence of the error burst, while ensuring the feasibility of the non-critical tasks that are not affected by the burst. We refer to this as Fault Tolerance feasibility (FT-feasibility) of mixed-criticality real-time systems. In this paper, we build on the well established results on Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling, to derive a sufficient test that determines the FT-feasibility of a set of mixed criticality real-time tasks under the assumption that the inter-arrival time between two consecutive error bursts is at least equal to the hyper-period of the taskset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data is the valuable asset and of great concerns when moving towards the cloud. Data privacy and security is the active area of research and experimentations in cloud computing. Data leakage and privacy protection is becoming crucial for many organizations moving on to cloud. Data can be of various types and degree of protection required for all the data is also varies. Here we are proposing a classification technique that defines various parameters. Parameters are defined based on various dimensions. Data security can be provided based on the level and the required protection. Corresponding security provisions at the storage can be applied based on data set classified as per the dimensions. The efficiency of the proposed classification scheme is analyzed with the sample dataset collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing has become a part of the competitive market today. Various cloud computing service providers are available with their services in the cloud environment. Techniques adopted by various providers to achieve security are of varying nature. To analyze and measure a particular service based on its security properties is a challenge. This paper presents such a measurement by using a trust model. A trust model measures the security strength and computes a trust value. A trust value comprises of various parameters that are necessary dimensions along which security of cloud services can be measured. CSA (Cloud Service Alliance) service challenges are used to assess security of a service and validity of the model. Adequacy of the model is also verified by evaluating trust value for existing cloud services. Trust model acts as a benchmark and ranking service to measure security in a cloud computing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning Disabilities (LD) are usually hidden disabilities that affect many individuals who usually have average or above average intelligence. It is acquired before, during or soon after birth and affects an individual's ability to learn, all through his/her life. LD may also involve difficulties with organizational skills and social interaction. These difficulties can be alleviated by providing appropriate e-learning environment for them. We had proposed a framework, an Assistive Learning Environment (ALE) to enhance the learning experience of LD students in their academic life 1 , which is capable for recognizing what content has to delivered, variability associated with each LD learner and transformations associated with the content to deliver it to the LD learner. The system architecture is developed for our framework whose objective is to transform the given content in a way acceptable by the specific LD learner. This transformation is a complex process and it has to be done at various levels. Assistive E-Learning System, a prototype implementation of our framework has been completed and sample interactions are presented in order to assess the system's strengths and weakness. The system provides the user to indicate transformations and configurations not appropriate to the user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric membranes with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) holds great potential for gas separation. However, finely tailoring the adhesion between MOFs and polymer matrices is crucial in reducing the membranes defective structure. The partial inorganic structure of MOFs limits the interaction with the polymer matrix, which tends to agglomerate on the membranes. Herein, an interfacial strategy is reported by post-synthetic functionalization of MIL-53 (Al) with ionic liquids (ILs) to construct IL@MIL-53 (Al) composite to improve interfacial interaction among filler and polysulfone (PSf) matrices. At 2 wt% of IL@MIL-53 (Al), the composite membranes tensile strength and % elongation were enhanced by about 66.13 and 97.40% compared to the neat PSf membrane. The intimate contact between IL@MIL-53 (Al) and PSf matrices renders uniform dispersion evident from morphological studies. The gas permeation properties were evaluated for carbondioxide (CO 2), nitrogen (N 2), methane (CH 4) gases. At 2 wt% of MIIL-53 (Al) nanofiller, the CO 2 permeance was found to be 37.56 ± 0.63 GPU which was significantly higher than the neat PSf membrane. Besides, the CO 2 permeance of the PSf/2% IL@MIL-53 (Al) membrane was noted to be 34.23 ± 0.68 GPU, whereas the CO 2 /CH 4 and CO 2 /N 2 selectivities were 48.64 and 49.19% higher than the neat membrane. As the pressure increased from 2 to 10 bar, the CO 2 , N 2, and CH 4 gas permeances in composite PSf membranes were decreased, whereas the CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 selectivities were observed to be increased. The introduction of ILs into the MOFs pores will tune pore size with the enhanced adsorption selectivity due to its high CO 2 solubility and affinity of ILs. ILs functionalization on the cores of the MIL-53 (Al) structure is an effective strategy, which opens up the selection to a broad range of fillers in the aspect of commercialization. • MIL-53 (Al) pore sizes were finely tuned by post-synthetic IL functionalization. • IL will act as a wetting agent to enhance filler and polymer interaction. • Highly selective and permeable CO 2 gas transport properties were obtained. • PSf/2% IL@MIL-53 (Al) composite membrane exhibited 48.64% higher CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors report a case of a 22-year-old otherwise healthy female who presented following a head injury during a bar altercation, with no associated loss of consciousness and an unknown mechanism of injury. Examination revealed an isolated 1 cm laceration on the right upper eyelid, superior to her medial canthus. She experienced diplopia on right horizontal gaze due to a left internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) with an associated left conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, collectively described as a left one-and-a-half syndrome. CT and MRI demonstrated evidence of a deep penetrating injury above the right medial canthus, traversing the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, the dorsum sella, narrowly missing the basilar artery, penetrating the pons, and extending to the floor of the contralateral fourth ventricle. The patient was diagnosed with multiple sinus fractures, lesions in her left paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) and medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and progressive pneumocephalus. She underwent a transsphenoidal endoscopic repair via a vascularized mucosal flap without complication. Postoperatively, the patient’s pneumocephalus resolved and her conjugate gaze markedly improved; however, minimal diplopia remained. This case demonstrates the importance of the clinical exam, and its benefit in localizing imaging findings and guiding treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper involves the study of nose radius effect and graphite addition during turning of AA 7075-ZrB 2 in-situ metal matrix composite. This in-situ method involves formation of reinforcements within the matrix by the chemical reaction of two or more chemical compounds that produces some changes in the matrix material within the vicinity. To form Zirconium Boride (ZrB 2 ) reinforcement in the matrix, two chemical salts of Potassium Tetrafluoroborate (KBF 4 ) and Potassium Hexafluorozirconate (K 2 ZrF 6 ) were added. After the fabrication of the test specimen, the specimen is subjected to turning in CNC high speed turning center. Four important parameters of tool nose radius, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were taken for the present investigation. The in-situ composites were fabricated via-stir casting method followed by manually forge it. The fabricated specimen was turned using a 0.4 mm nose radius and 0.8 mm nose radius of PCD CNC inserts. After turning, the metal removal rate and surface roughness were measured and investigated. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that 0.8 mm nose radius inserted tool produced excellent machinability when compared to 0.4 mm nose radius. It was noted here that the higher rate of cutting speed, lower rate of feed rate and lower depth of cut combination process parameter produced excellent machinability. Further, the graphite reinforced in-situ AA 7075-3% ZrB 2 -1% Gr hybrid composite exhibited improved machinability than others samples of AA 7075 alloy, AA 7075-3%ZrB 2 in-situ composite. This was due to self-lubricant property of graphite particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]