Search

• Task-centered behaviors of caregivers are more likely to lead resistant behaviors. • Person-centered behaviors of caregivers are less likely to lead resistant behaviors. • Person-centered care is a better approach when encountering resistant behaviors. • Active efforts to facilitate person-centered dementia care are needed. Many older adults living with dementia exhibit resistant behaviors. Person-centered care is the gold standard of care; however, the sequential relationship between resistant and caregiving behaviors has not been identified. This study examined the sequential relationship between caregiving and care-resistant behaviors and analyzed 68 videos of personal care encounters of 21 residents living in four long-term care facilities. The videos were coded focusing on two sequences of behavior: residents' resistant behaviors and caregivers' behaviors. Lag sequential analysis was conducted using initial–response behavior pairs (resident-caregiver behavior or caregiver-resident behavior pairs). Person-centered care led to less resistant behavior (odds ratio 0.23; 95 % confidence interval 0.16, 0.33), whereas less person-centered care was followed by resistant behaviors (odds ratio 0.42; 95 % confidence interval 0.30, 0.59). A significant sequential association was found between task-centered behavior and resistant behavior. Hence, rigorous efforts are recommended to provide person-centered care through multilevel efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TG, transglucosidase; Tt TG, T. thermocopriae- derived TG; G, glucose; IG2, isomaltose; IG3, isomaltotriose; P, panose; IG4, isomaltotetraose; IG5, isomaltopentaose; IMO, isomaltooligosaccharides; L-IMO, long-chain IMO; ALO, anomalously linked oligosaccharides; DP, degree of polymerization; o, glucose; Φ, reducing end; ̶ , α-1,4 linkage; ┓, α-1,6 linkage. [Display omitted] • Identified novel Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae -derived transglucosidase (Tt TG). • Tt TG showed optimal pH and temperature of 4.0 and 60 °C, respectively. • Tt TG produced high polymerization degree-isomaltooligosaccharides using maltodextrin. • The α-1,6/α-1,4 linkage ratio of isomaltooligosaccharides produced by Tt TG was three times higher. Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), considered to be a prebiotic, reportedly has health effects, particularly in terms of digestion; however, the prebiotic effects of IMOs depend largely on the degree of polymerization. Currently, IMOs are commercially produced using transglucosidase (TG) derived from Aspergillus niger. Here, we report a novel Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae -derived TG (Tt TG) that can produce long-chain IMOs (L-IMOs) using maltodextrin as the main substrate. A putative carbohydrate-binding gene comprising carbohydrate-binding module 35 and glycoside hydrolase family 15 domain was cloned and successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The resulting purified recombinant enzyme (Tt TG) had a molecular mass of 94 kDa. Tt TG displayed an optimal pH of 4.0 (higher than that of commercial TG) and an optimal temperature of 60 °C (same as that of commercial TG). Tt TG also enabled the synthesis of oligosaccharides using various saccharides, such as palatinose, kojibiose, sophorose, maltose, cellobiose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, and trehalose, which acted as specific acceptors. Tt TG could also produce a medium-sized L-IMO, different from that by dextran-dextrinase and TG, from maltodextrin, as the sole substrate. Thus, the novel combination of maltodextrin and Tt TG shows potential as an effective method for commercially producing L-IMOs with improved prebiotic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of actin filament protein is crucial for various physiological processes of the cells. Among the proteins correlating with actin dynamics, a novel 67-kDa WD40 repeat protein 1 (WDR1) was the vertebrate homologue of actin-interacting protein 1 (Aip1). Even though previous studies have provided the clues on the function of WDR1 in specific organs under pathological conditions, the exact subcellular localization of WDR1 is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we undertook to determine the distribution of WDR1 within PC12 pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) using light and electron microscopic techniques.Double immunocytochemistry clearly showed that WDR1 immunoreactivities (IRs) were co-localized with anti-actin antibody, suggesting the involvement of WDR1 in actin dynamics. WDR1 immunoreactivities (IRs) in PC12 cells showed different distribution patterns as nerve growth factor (NGF) concentrations varied. During active proliferation, the distribution of WDR1 IRs seemed to be similar to those found in cortical actin patches, whereas WDR1 IR was observed in cytoplasmic actin cables after PC12 cells were induced to differentiate by treating with NGF. Though further studies are necessary to determine the function of WDR1, the current data represents a first step towards the in vitro study of WDR1 protein. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]