Search

New International Maritime Organization regulations require shippers to classify all solid bulk cargo to indicate whether they are Harmful to the Marine Environment (HME). The objective of this work was to adapt the freshwater Transformation/Dissolution Protocol (T/DP) to marine water to provide a method to determine, when compared with marine Ecotoxicity Reference Values (ERVs), whether a metal-bearing substance is HME. The substances examined were: Cu 2 O powder; Ni metal powder; Co 3 O 4 powder; and a Ni–Co–Fe alloy, as wire cuttings, which were the same substances examined in the freshwater T/D validation study and afforded comparisons of the reactivity, or measure of the rate and extent of metal release from the metal-bearing substances in freshwater versus marine conditions. The marine T/D method is suitable for conducting examinations of metal-bearing substances with a wide range of reactivities, from the relatively reactive Cu 2 O powder and the alloy to the Co 3 O 4 powder, which was the least reactive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Infrared absorption coefficient of CdMgSe single crystals was measured. [•] Dominating scattering mechanisms in CdMgSe are on optical phonons and impurities. [•] Carrier concentration for CdSe determined using optical and electrical methods was in good agreement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• PTR used to measure thermal transport properties of AlGaAs alloys and AlAs/GaAs superlattices. • Apart from thermal conductivities, thermal diffusivities and thermal boundary resistances are also measured. • FD-PTR shown to be a viable alternative to TDTR measurements of thick semiconductor nanostructures. Thermal transport properties in multi-layered semiconductor samples are reported using modulated photothermal infrared radiometry (PTR). The cross-plane thermal conductivity and diffusivity of thin Al x Ga (1-x) As layers and AlAs/GaAs superlattices were determined by fitting solutions of the heat equation for multi-layered systems to PTR data. The thermal conductivity of an Al x Ga (1-x) As film with x = 0.5 was found to be lower than an Al x Ga (1-x) As film with x = 0.33 which is expected as scattering from alloy disorder is maximized for x = 0.5. In addition, it was found that thermal conductivities of AlAs/GaAs superlattices decrease when the superlattice period is decreased for a constant total thickness which is expected since the number of AlAs/GaAs interfaces (which impede thermal transport) increases as the period decreases. The maximum PTR amplitude signal was found to occur when the diffusion length of the thermal wave is on other order of the thickness of the semiconductor layer. The accuracy and applicability of photothermal infrared radiometry to the study of semiconductor multilayer structures are further discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compare the measurement accuracy of photopyroelectric calorimetry in back detection configuration (BPPE) and infrared lock-in thermography (LT) for thermal diffusivity measurement of solid samples. For this purpose, the following materials with well-known thermal properties have been selected: glassy carbon (type G), LiTaO 3 crystal and binary II–VI semiconductors (based on CdSe and CdTe). The advantages and drawbacks of the two techniques have been analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]