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Background The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of HMGB-1 (high mobility group box 1) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and neuroborreliosis (NB). Focus was placed on HMGB-1 measurement in the CSF or serum in order to establish whether this could help to differentiate between NB and TBE. Methods Eighty patients with meningitis and meningoencephalitis were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: group I comprised patients with NB ( n = 40) and group II comprised patients with TBE ( n = 40). The diagnosis was made based on the clinical picture, CSF examination, and the presence of specific antibodies in the serum and CSF. The control group for the evaluation of the parameters in serum were healthy blood donors ( n = 25), while the control group for the evaluation of parameters in the CSF were patients in whom a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory process was excluded. The concentrations of HMGB-1 were measured by ELISA method using a commercial kit (HMGB-1 ELISA Kit; EIAab, China). The results were analyzed using Statistica 10, Gretl, receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC), and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results and conclusions HMGB-1 is associated with the development of inflammatory processes in the CNS caused by both tick-borne pathogens: viral (TBE) and bacterial (Lyme borreliosis). Measurement of the serum HMGB-1 concentration in the early stages of both diseases of the CNS may contribute to the differentiation between TBE and NB, which may have a clinical impact for patients bitten by ticks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Borrelial lymphocytoma (BL) is a rare cutaneous manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. Epidemiological data show that BL is more common in children than in adults. It presents as a single bluish-red swelling located on the earlobe in children, near the nipple in adults. In our paper, we present a case of a pregnant woman with BL, which appeared after tick bite and disappeared completely after antibiotic therapy. The aim of the paper was to emphasize that in tick-borne disease endemic areas BL should be taken into consideration in cases of skin lesions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]