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The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is one of the most destructive lepidopteran pests affecting maize in Asia. Previous research on the feeding behavior of O. furnacalis has mostly focused on larvae, but the adult feeding preference has been unclear hitherto. In this study, we investigated the ultramorphology of the proboscis and sensilla of O. furnacalis using scanning electron microscopy and made morphological comparisons between the sexes, attempting to make predictions on the food preference and feeding behavior of the adults. The proboscis of O. furnacalis is divided into zones 1 and 2 with three types of sensilla, namely chaetica, basiconica, and styloconica. The entire proboscis and zone 2 of the females are significantly longer than those of the males. The main sexual difference in the sensilla is shown in the number of sensilla styloconica, which are eight in females but nine in males. The feeding preference of adult O. furnacalis is discussed based on the morphology of the proboscis and sensilla. • The proboscis of adult Ostrinia furnacalis is divided into zones 1 and 2. • Sexual differences exist in the lengths of the entire proboscis and zone 2. • The proboscis contains three types of sensilla: chaetica, basiconica, and styloconica. • Sensilla styloconica per galea are eight in the females and nine in the males, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Adding methods had significantly different inhibition effects on enzyme activity. • All ingredient interacted with starch, causing the inhibition of enzyme activity. • The extract changed the microenvironment and conformation of enzyme. We optimized four addition methods for Camellia nitidissima Chi flower extracts (Cnfe). Among four methods, the first (before meals) had the greatest inhibitory effect via binding of Cnfe with starch. Cnfe bound starch, and reduced inhibition of the enzymes. The higher binding percentage of Cnfe and the substrate starch led to less free Cnfe interaction with enzymes in solution. To determine the underlying inhibitory mechanism(s), we used enzymatic inhibition kinetics, fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism spectroscopies. We found that Cnfe possessed potential inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC 50 300 μg/mL, K i 162 μg/mL, static quenching constant K FQ 1.5 mL/mg) and α-glucosidase (45 μg/mL, 89 μg/mL and 8.5 mL/mg). Cnfe changed the microenvironment and conformation of the enzyme, making it a better digestive enzyme inhibitor. These experimental results suggest that Cnfe has the potential to control blood sugar, and that it may be used to improve diabetes by reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. Cnfe should be taken before meals and separately from foods with higher binding intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Proboscides are important feeding devices for most adult Lepidoptera and exhibit significant morphological modifications and types of sensilla associated with feeding habits. In this study the architectures of the proboscides and sensilla were compared between the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the armyworm Mythimna separate (Walker) using scanning electron microscopy. The proboscides of both species consist of two elongated maxillary galeae joined by dorsal and ventral legulae, forming a food canal. The dorsal legulae in H. armigera disappear a short distance from the proboscis apex, whereas those in M. separate exist up to the apex. Three types of sensilla are present on the proboscides of both species: sensilla chaetica, basiconica, and styloconica. The morphological differences of the sensilla mainly concern the sensilla styloconica, whose styli have six to seven smooth-edged ridges in H. armigera but six serrate-edged ridges in M. separate. No significant sexual dimorphism was found in the proboscides and sensilla of both species except for the length of the zone without the dorsal legulae in H. armigera. The morphological similarities and differences of the proboscides and sensilla between the two species are briefly discussed. Highlights • Coilable proboscides exist in Helicoverpa armigera and Mythimna separate. • Main differences of the proboscides involve the present and absence of Zone 3. • The length of Zone 3 shows a sexual dimorphism in H. armigera. • Three types of sensilla include sensilla chaetica, basiconica, and styloconica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound eyes are the prominent visual organs of insects and can provide valuable information for the reconstruction of insect phylogeny. Although the largest butterfly family (Nymphalidae) has been well defined, the infrafamilial phylogenetic relationships remain controversial hitherto. In the present study the ultrastructure of the compound eyes of three nymphalids Neptis beroe , Childrena zenobia , and Palaeonympha opalina was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy in an attempt to seek potentially important phylogenetic characters. The compound eyes of the nymphalids share a tracheal system in a "1–4−8" branching pattern. The eight tracheal subbranches exhibit distinct distribution patterns along the basal retinula cell as follows: the tracheal subbranches of Palaeonympha opaline are close to the rhabdom in the distance from the distalmost part of the basal retinula cell to the rhabdom end, while those of N. beroe and C. zenobia are on the periphery of the retinula along almost the whole basal retinula cell and become close to the rhabdom just at the proximal end of the basal retinula cell. The tracheal structure of the three nymphalids is discussed for their potential phylogenetic implications. • The compound eyes of the three nymphalids are of the apposition types. • The nymphalid compound eyes share a tracheal system in a "1–4−8" branching pattern. • The tracheal subbranches have different locations among the nymphalid eyes. • The tracheal design might be phylogenetically informative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bittacidae are unique in holometabolous insects in that their larvae bear a dorsal ocellus on the frons. The fine structure of the dorsal ocellus, however, has not been investigated to date. Here, the ultrastructure of the larval dorsal ocellus was studied in the hangingfly Bittacus planus Cheng, 1949 using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The dorsal ocellus of the larvae comprises a cornea, corneagenous cells, and retinula cells. The cornea is a laminated structure. A layer of corneagenous cells is located below the cornea. Numerous retinula cells are arranged tightly beneath the corneagenous cells. The retinula cells modify their adjacent membranes into numerous linear microvilli, which form an analogue of the rhabdom among adjacent retinula cells. The results show that the dorsal ocellus of larval Bittacidae is a highly vestigial organ and appears to be degenerating during the postembryonic development. The presence of the vestigial dorsal ocellus is likely to represent an ancestral plesiomorphy of holometabolous insects, providing new evidence for exploring the evolutionary origin of holometabolous larvae. • The larvae of Bittacidae have a dorsal ocellus. • The dorsal ocellus is a highly vestigial organ. • The presence of a dorsal ocellus may provide new evidence for the evolutionary origin of holometabolous larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A high-efficiency, undoped, blue, organic light-emitting device was devised that employed a novel electroluminescent material 4-(7,10-diphenylfluoranthen-8-yl)-N,N-diphenylbenzenamine as electrofluorescence emitter. The device with a simple structure of ITO/N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine/4-(7,10-diphenylfluoranthen-8-yl)-N,N-diphenylbenzenamine/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline/LiF/Al exhibited stable blue light emission of CIE chromaticity coordinates (x =0.19±0.01 and y =0.45±0.02), and a current efficiency of 6.0cd A−1 and a power efficiency of 4.6lm W−1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to study special mastication of Crisp grass carp (CGC), the relationships between the texture and ultrastructure in raw fresh and heated CGC and grass carp (GC) were studied. In raw samples, all textural results of raw CGC (RCGC) were higher than those of raw GC (RGC). From the ultrastructural results, short muscle fiber diameter, dense fiber density, large collagen amounts, narrow intermyofibrillar spaces and gaps determined the texture of fillets. In the heated samples, the hardness, chewiness, resilience and springiness of heated CGC (HCGC) were higher than in heated CG (HCG). Compared to raw samples, the hardness, fracturability, springiness and chewiness of HCGC were higher than those of RCGC. However, all textural results of HGC were significantly reduced. The ultra-structural results showed that the better mastication of HCGC was connected with denaturation and coagulation of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, the low ratio of shrinking in inter-muscular connective tissue, large interstitial material, much less fiber–fiber detachments and myofiber–myocommata detachments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The production of ‘Yu-lu’, a Chinese traditional fermented fish sauce, was replicated in the laboratory with little adaption in order to study the chemical, microorganism and sensory changes associated with the process. Yu-lu was made by incubating mixtures of small anchovies and 30% salt (salt/fish, w/w) at 30±5°C for 180 days, then rising the incubation temperature to 50°C for 7 days. Changes in total soluble nitrogen (TSN), TCA (trichloroacetic acid) soluble peptides, formaldehyde nitrogen, total acid, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), composition of amino acid, the non-enzymatic browning index and total plate counts of Yu-lu were observed. TSN, formaldehyde nitrogen, TCA soluble peptides, total titratable acid and non-enzymatic browning index increased throughout the fermentation period. Glutamic acid, lysine, leucine and valine were prominent in Yu-lu. The results from QDA test showed that incubation after 180 days for a week can accelerate the flavor formation of Yu-lu. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Camellia nitidissima Chi is an edible medicinal plant that has potential antiobesity effects. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The results showed that Camellia nitidissima Chi flower extracts (CNFE) had a strong inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase (PL), pancreatic cholesterol esterase (CEase) and cholesterol micellization in a significant dose-dependent manner. The IC 50 of PL, CEase, and cholesterol solubility were 320, 200, and 600 μg/mL, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that CNFE inhibited PL and CEase activity as a noncompetitive inhibitor. CNFE changed the microenvironment and conformation of both enzymes, which caused a decrease in enzymatic activities. Furthermore, experiments in rats showed that CNFE effectively reduced food intake and increased feces total triglycerides and total cholesterol excretion. These results not only highlight the inhibitory effect of CNFE against PL and CEase in vitro and in vivo , but also provide a starting point for the application of CNFE in weight reduction programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis is one of the most destructive pests of maize throughout eastern Asia and the South Pacific. In the present study the fine structure of the compound eyes of adult O. furnacalis was investigated under light/dark adaptation using light and electron microscopy. The compound eyes of male and female O. furnacalis are superposition eyes with electron-lucent clear zones. The sexual differences of the compound eyes of O. furnacalis are mainly reflected in eye size rather than ommatidial ultrastructure. Each ommatidium of both sexes contains 12 retinula cells, one of which is the basal retinula cell. All the retinula cells form a centrally-fused, two-tiered rhabdom, whose distal layer passes through the clear zone and distally connects with the crystalline cone. The ultrastructural changes under light/dark conditions mainly involve the rhabdom occupation ratio to retinula cell volume in the proximal layer of the rhabdom as well as the dimensions of the subcorneal zone and the crystalline tract. Pigment movements occur within the retinula cells and primary pigment cells, but are undetectable within the secondary pigment cells. Regardless of light or dark adaptation, in other words, the pigments never migrate into the clear zone. • The compound eyes of O strinia furnacalis are superposition eyes. • Each ommatidium contains 12 retinula cells forming a two-tired rhabdom. • Rhabdom occupation ratio (ROR) of the proximal rhabdom decreases from dark to light adaptation. • Pigment migrations are not detectable in the clear zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the impact of parental weight status and offspring cardiorespiratory fitness on the risk of obesity among Chinese children.Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China from May to June 2010. Children's height, weight, and waist circumference were measured for assessing their total and central obesity. Their cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by the 20-m shuttle-run test. We calculated parental body mass index according to self-reported height and weight, and divided it into normal weight or overweight/obesity. Multivariable logistic regression model was applied to estimate the combined relationships of cardiorespiratory fitness and parental weight status with the risk of obesity of children.Results: A total of 587 Chinese children (343 boys and 244 girls) aged 9.6 (0.7) years participated in this study. Compared with those who had low cardiorespiratory fitness and at least 1 parent with overweight/obesity, children who had high cardiorespiratory fitness and at least 1 parent with overweight/obesity reported lower risks of total obesity (OR 0.12, 95% CI .05-0.30) and central obesity (OR .09, 95% CI .04-0.20), and children who had high cardiorespiratory fitness and no parent with overweight/obesity were 89% (OR 0.11, 95% CI .05-0.24) less likely to have total obesity and 92% (OR .08, 95% CI .04-0.16) less likely to have central obesity (all P < .001).Conclusions: High level of cardiorespiratory fitness among children could attenuate the influence of parental obesity on their offspring's weight status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simple and versatile strategy is demonstrated to create acid-like local environments (ALLE) to boost alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics of Pt/C, Pt/CoS 2 , and other electrocatalysts by introducing a local electric field (LEF) stemming from the polar-faceted cubic CeO 2 (C–CeO 2). The surface polarity of the C–CeO 2 facets is confirmed by trimethylphosphine oxide-31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Operando Raman scattering provides evidence that H 3 O+ intermediates produce the ALLE. This ALLE shows great enhancement in alkaline HER with activities of the C–CeO 2 modified Pt/C and Pt/CoS 2 promoted by 2.5 and 5.5 times compared to the counterparts, respectively. The LEF changes the mechanism from slow Volmer–Heyrovsky to fast Volmer–Tafel process. As a result, Pt/CoS 2 + C–CeO 2 shows a small Tafel slop of 23.8 mV dec−1 and low overpotentials of 20 and 59 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Importantly, the LEF produces similar effects in other electrocatalysts. A simple and versatile strategy is demonstrated to create an acid-like local environment to boost the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics of benchmark Pt/C, Pt/CoS 2 , and other types of catalysts by introducing a local electric field stemming from the polar-faceted cubic CeO 2 (C–CeO 2). The microenvironment shows great enhancement in alkaline HER with the activities of the C–CeO 2 modified Pt/CoS 2 promoted by 5.5 times compared to the pristine Pt/CoS 2. [Display omitted] • A versatile strategy is demonstrated to create an acid-like local environment to boost the HER. • Boosting HER of catalysts by a local electric field created by polar-faceted CeO 2 (100). • The local electric field changes the mechanism of Pt/C a Pt/CoS 2 from slow Volmer–Heyrovsky to fast Volmer–Tafel HER. • CeO 2 (100) enhances the HER activity of Pt/CoS 2 with overpotential of 20 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants (C 9 F 19 CONH(CH 2 ) 3 N(C m H 2m+1 ) 2 , abbreviated as C 9 F 19 AM (m = 1), C 9 F 19 AE (m = 2) and C 9 F 19 AB (m = 4) were easily synthesized by one-step reaction and characterized by 1 HNMR, 19 FNMR and MS spectroscopy. Unlike conventional non-ionic surfactants (most hydrophilic units consisted of hydroxy or ether groups), their hydrophilic groups were composed of amide group, an eco-friendly unit. The surface activity, wettability, thermal stability and foaming performance were investigated. The results showed that the C 9 F 19 AE (C 9 F 19 CONH(CH 2 ) 3 N[CH 2 CH 3 ] 2 ) had superior surface and interface activities, which could reduce the surface tension of water down to 15.37 mN/m and the interfacial tension (cyclohexane/water/surfactants) to 5.8 mN/m with a low cmc (critical micelle concentration) of 0.12 mmol/L. Through the calculation of A min (the minimum area occupied per-surfactant molecule), we speculated this higher surface activity was related to the compatibility between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains. When used as wetting and foaming agents, the C 9 F 19 AE also outperformed great advantages over conventional non-ionic fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants, which could decrease the contact angle of water on PTFE plate from 107.7° to 3.6°, and increase the foam integrated value F to 536 500 ± 3066.5 mL s. Moreover, the decomposition temperature (T d ) of C 9 F 19 AE could reach up to 173 °C. This work demonstrates a valuable strategy to develop a kind of high-efficiency foaming agent via facile synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The pigments from molasses alcohol wastewater were extracted by the macroporous resin adsorption method. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of these pigments were also investigated. The adsorptive characteristics of five macroporous resins including HPD-600, HPD-500, D301-R, NKA-II and D296-R were studied and the results showed that the macroporous resin HPD-600 was most appropriate for extracting the pigments from molasses alcohol wastewater. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of pigments extracted from alcohol wastewater were evaluated using nitrate, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro model systems. The pigment extract exhibited a concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity in all the systems. Meanwhile, scavenging activity of pigment extract in the DPPH system was found to be significantly (P <0.05) higher than that in other systems and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) was about 0.07mg/ml. The scavenging effect of pigment extract on superoxide anion radical was very weak with IC50 value greater than 10mg/ml. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The protopine isolated from a Chinese herb Dactylicapnos scandens Hutch was identified as an inhibitor of both serotonin transporter and noradrenaline transporter in vitro assays. 5-hydroxy-DL-tryptophan(5-HTP)-induced head twitch response (HTR) and tail suspension test were adopted to study whether protopine has anti-depression effect in mice using reference antidepressant fluoxetine and desipramine as positive controls. In HTR test, protopine at doses of 5, 10, 20mg/kg dose dependently increase the number of 5-HTP-induced HTR. Protopine at doses of 3.75mg/kg, 7.5mg/kg and 30mg/kg also produces a dose-dependent reduction in immobility in the tail suspension test. The present results open up new possibilities for the use of protopine in the treatment of mood disorders, such as mild and moderate states of depression. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bipolar blue or deep-blue emitting materials are particularly effective to achieve high-performance full color OLEDs. In this study, a novel deep-blue bipolar fluorophore, PPI-F-Cz was designed and synthesized by attaching an electron-withdrawing chromophore phenanthro[9,10-d] imidazole (PI) and an electron-donating group carbazole to the sp3-hybridized C 9 atom of the fluorene. Profiting from balanced carrier mobility, the molecule shows high photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies. Using PPI-F-Cz as a non-doped emitting layer (EML), an organic light-emitting device exhibits high performance with CIE color coordinates of (0.155, 0.055), a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.64%, current efficiency (CE) of 7.68 cd/A, and power efficiency (PE) of 8.04 lm/W. Additionally, equipped with the bipolar transport properties and high triplet energy (2.40 eV), PPI-F-Cz was allowed to be used as an efficient host for green and red PhOLEDs with the maximum EQEs of 16.83% and 20.98%, CE max of 58.47 cd/A and 25.19 cd/A, PE max of 53.66 lm/W and 23.28 lm/W respectively. Image 1 • PPI-F-Cz performs well in a multilayer non-doped device (EQE of 4.64% at CIE coordinates of (0.155, 0.055)). • PPI-F-Cz is as an efficient host for green and red PhOLEDs with the maximum EQEs of 16.83% and 20.98%. • All the devices exhibit a low turn-on voltage (<3.0 eV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Deep blue emitters with good stability, high quantum yield, high triplet energy, and good carrier transporting properties are crucial for full color display and white solid lighting. To solve this, We designed, synthesized and characterized two bipolar deep-blue emitters 2-(4-(9,9′-spirobi[fluoren]-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (2-PPI SBF) and 2-(4-(9,9′-spirobi[fluoren]-4-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (4-PPI SBF). Both the materials show good stability, high quantum yield and high triplet energy. Equipped with their bipolar properties, 2-PPI SBF and 4-PPI SBF based non-doped devices show impressive performance with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.78% and 5.29% along with desirable color purity of CIE color coordinates of (0.154, 0.105) and (0.155, 0.058) respectively. Interestingly, the high triplet energy allows them to be used as a host for PhOLEDs. High performance green PhOLEDs based on 4-PPI SBF show the maximum EQE, CE and PE of 16.79%, 64.09 cd/A and 67.92 l m/W respectively. And, high performance red PhOLEDs based on 2-PPI SBF and 4-PPI SBF were also achieved with the maximum EQE of 13.07% and 14.83%, respectively. Furthermore, 4-PPI SBF-based WOLED shows high efficiencies with EQE max of 12.27%, CE max of 27.78 cd/A and PE max of 32.68 l m/W. An efficient white OLED with CIE coordinates of (0.367, 0.305) which is slightly deviated from the values of the theoretical white point (0.33, 0.33) was obtained. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Two deep-blue bipolar universal materials were designed and synthesized. • Non-doped blue OLED based on 2-PPI-SBF and 4-PPI-SBF achieved EQE up to 4.78% and 5.29%, respectively. • The red PhOLEDs using 4-PPI-SBF as host achieved the maximum EQE of 14.83%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two efficient fluorescence molecules, named 1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(4′-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazole ( PPI-PIM-1 ) and 1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(4′-(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole-1-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazole ( PPI-PIM-2 ) were designed and synthesized, in which the electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group was introduced firstly to N1-position benzene of phenanthroimidazole to improve the electron transporting ability and tune the charge transfer (CT) component. In addition, compared to biphenanthroimidazole derivatives, here, we break one rigid plane of phenanthroimidazole to inhibit aggregation-induced-quenching (ACQ) and change the position from C1 to N1 to restrict the conjugation length simultaneously. The devices based on PPI-PIM-1 and PPI-PIM-2 exhibited stable deep-blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.08) and (0.15, 0.07) and achieved maximum external quantum efficiencies of 4.3% and 4.5% respectively. More importantly, the corresponding exciton utilization efficiencies are as high as 27.0% and 30.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the fluorescence quantum yield of hybrid local and charge-transfer (HLCT) material, we introduce a symmetric linear D- π -A- π -D structure into molecular design and synthesized a new blue emitter, 2,2'-(2′,3′,5′,6'-tetrafluoro-[1,1':4′,1″-terphenyl]-4,4″-diyl)bis(1-(4-( tert -butyl)phenyl)-1 H -phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazole) ( 4FBTPI ). Organic light-emitting devices employing 4FBTPI as a dopant emitter show good performances, with CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Enclairage) coordinates of (0.15, 0.09), which is very close to NTSC blue light standard (0.14, 0.08), current efficiencies (CE) of 6.03 cd A −1 , external quantum efficiencies of 6.94%. This performance is comparable to those of recently reported state-of-the-art deep-blue materials with CIE y < 0.10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flutter of sail mounted hydroplanes system is a self-excited dynamic hydroelastic phenomenon due to an undesirable coupling occurring between the elastic structure and hydrodynamic flows. The flutter behavior depends on both structure parameters and free-play nonlinearities in the hydroplanes system. The free-play nonlinearity introduces persistent limit cycle oscillations (LCO) which can cause water noise, and it will have an undesirable effect on the concealment capability of marine vehicles. The impact of structure parameters and free-play of the hydroplanes systems on the hydroelastic stability is not fully understood and is an active area of research. In order to explore the fundamental nature of the hydroplanes system, the present paper, Part II of this work, focus on two aspects: (i) the analysis of the full-scale hydroplanes system hydroelastic response based on Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structure Dynamics (CFD/CSD) two-way coupling method which verified by the AGARD 445.6 wing standard flutter model. Results show that the hydroplanes system hydroelastic response is completely symmetrical, and it proves Part I work, that is the full-scale system can be simplified as one hydroplane with a torsional spring. Additionally, (ii) the 2-DOF structural model and the Theodorsen's theory of hydroplanes system are used to get a better understanding of the structure parameters and free-play effect on linear/nonlinear flutter of the hydroplanes system. To validate the accuracy of the modeling predictions, the linear/nonlinear simulation in-home codes are compared with those theoretical and experimental reported in the existing literature, and good results within engineering error margins are obtained. Results show that structural parameters might effect on the classical flutter speed and LCO only occurred in low flow speed due to free-play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroelastic stability and vibration analysis of full-scale fairwater planes system/or bow planes system mounted on the sail (bridge)/or main body can be quite complex. With the aim of addressing these problems, the present paper, Part I of a two part work, focuses on two aspects: (i) modeling and computation of the natural vibration characteristics of the entire assembly system utilizing and comparing two approaches, based on a finite element commercial software ANSYS and a recently developed Transfer Matrix Method of Multibody systems (MSTMM). Results show the latter technique is computationally accurate and efficient. It is also shown that an equivalent model consisting of one hydroplane with a torsional spring under specified boundary conditions may capture the dynamics behavior of the whole system; and (ii) implementing an equivalent model and MSTMM to obtain in-vacuum uncoupled pure bending and torsional frequencies. Such a treatment of the problem enables one to get a better understanding of the various parameters involved in the linear/nonlinear hydroelastic problem from a two degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) reduced order model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel near ultraviolet (NUV) emitter, PIBCz, was designed and synthesized by attaching C3-position of the weak electron-donating N-phenylcarbazole group to C6- and C9-positions of phenanthroimidazole (PI) unit for limiting the molecular conjugation and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. The new emitter exhibits strong NUV emission both in solution and thin film as well as good thermal and morphological stability. The PIBCz-based non-doped device shows a perfect color purity of CIE (0.15, 0.05), a very low turn-on voltage of 2.7 V and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency (CE) and power efficiency (PE) of 2.74%, 1.28 cd A −1 and 1.12 lm W −1 , respectively, which is comparable to state-of-the-art non-doped OLEDs in similar color gamut. This work demonstrates that effective management of ICT process is a valuable strategy to develop high efficiency NUV emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using molecular twisting and bulky side group substitution, we successfully develop two deep-blue emitters, BiPI-1 and BiPI-2 . These two twisted linear molecules retain the excellent photophysical and electrical properties of planar analogue and remarkably supress redshifts in solid state emission. Especially, BiPI-1 showed deep-blue emission in both solution and solid phase, and high carrier mobilities with μ h > 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and μ e > 10 −5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Standard blue electroluminescence (color purity: (0.15, 0.08)) and high device efficiency (CE: 4.62 cd A −1 , EQE: 6.18%) were observed in a non-doped OLED of BiPI-1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cleaning of metal parts, as stage of a remanufacturing process, should be environmentally benign and it is therefore essential to propose a new cleaning technology which can reduce or remove environmental contamination. Therefore the research presented in this paper investigates the feasibility of using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO 2 ) as a cleaning agent, here on a laboratory scale. The effect on the cleaning performance of different parameters – including cleaning temperature (65–75 °C); pressure (22.0–25.0 MPa); flow rate of CO 2 (4.8–6.8 L/h); cleaning time (30–40 min); and with or without dehydrated ethyl alcohol as a co-solvent – was examined, using the fractional factorial design of experiments. Based on the experimental data, a second order polynomial model was established to analyse the interaction between distinct variables, which was beneficial in optimising system performance. In addition, degreasing processes of remanufacturing metal parts were also tested. The experimental results indicated that supercritical carbon dioxide was excellent at decontamination during the remanufacturing cleaning process, but it was easily affected by variations of the operating parameters. In the tested range, with dehydrated ethyl alcohol as co-solvent, a calculated cleaning performance index could be up to 89.30% under the temperature 75 °C and pressure 25.0 MPa, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that supercritical carbon dioxide can be used in the remanufacturing process for removing contamination from the surface of used metal parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• One-step green synthesis of CDs from 5-sulfosalicylic acid and diethylene glycol. • CDs was used as the surface modifier and reductant to prepare the CDs/α-Fe 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite. • Development of a novel electrochemical aptasensor for the ultrasensitive determination of AFB1 based on CDs/α-Fe 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite. • This aptasensor could act as a good candidate to determine AFB1 in Beer , Rice , and Peanuts with satisfying results. Developing an effective method for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) remains an arduous task due to the high toxicity of AFB1 to a health concern. In this study, a sensitive and reliable electrochemical aptasensor based on carbon dots/α-Fe 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite (CDs/α-Fe 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4) is constructed for the determination of AFB1. The CDs have good electrical conductivity and large specific surface areas to improve the aptasensor's sensitivity. The α-Fe 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 can not only improve the catalytic performance of the aptasensor but also have magnetism, which can realize the recovery of CDs/α-Fe 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 to avoid material waste and environmental pollution. This electrochemical aptasensor can achieve a good linear (0.001–100.0 nM) and excellent detection limit (0.5 pM) for the determination of AFB1. In addition, the aptasensor was also applied to determine AFB1 in beer, rice, and peanuts , all results were in good agreement with HPLC, indicating that the electrochemical aptasensor has a broad application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristic of surface arc plasma included millisecond and microsecond actuation in supersonic flow is investigated both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the discharge characteristic of surface arc plasma in quiescent air and supersonic flow is recorded. The stable oblique shock could be observed with millisecond actuation. And the unstable compressive wave could be also observed with microsecond actuation. In the numerical investigation, plasma actuation is defined as a source term with input power density from discharge V-I characteristic, which is expected to better describe the influence of heating process. The numerical results are coincident with experimental results. In order to confirm the capability of surface arc plasma actuation to control supersonic flow, experimental investigations on control shock induced by ramp and separation of boundary layer induced by impinging shock are performed. All the results demonstrate the control effect of surface arc plasma actuation onto supersonic flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]