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Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa) stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally, amidst thousands of rice cultivars. Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits. This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions, volatile compounds, and health benefits of glutinous rice. Further, in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products. Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits, including antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-diabetic potential, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Besides its nutritional compositions, the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption. Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium beijerinckii G117 produces hydrogen (∼4400 mL/L) from 15 g/L of native crude glycerol (CG). While increasing the native-CG to 20–80 g/L, strain G117 rejects 34–90% of CG and fails to support a relative enhancement in hydrogen production. Subsequently, to enhance the native-CG assimilation, and hydrogen production from strain G117, various agro-residual hydrolysates (ARH), and several metal-ions have individually tested as media-supplements. Among tested, rice bran hydrolysate (RBH) and ferrous chloride (Fe2+) are selected as media-supplements. By employing RSM-based central composite design, the medium composed of 37.63 g/L CG, 3.65 g/L RBH and 1.11 mM Fe2+ is optimized which results a favorable initial redox potential (−191.0 ± 1.5 mV), higher cellular growth (6.73 ± 0.12 OD 600), and 17350 ± 170 mL/L of hydrogen production from strain G117. The analysis of total-mass and electron balances suggest that this bioprocess is remarkably efficient (82–99%), and records the highest yield of hydrogen (2.27 ± 0.02 mol/mol glycerol) ever reported in literature. [Display omitted] • Clostridium beijerinckii G117 produces hydrogen from <15 g/L of crude glycerol (CG). • While raising CG to 20–80 g/L in the media, strain G117 rejects 34–90% of CG supplied. • Adding agro-residual hydrolysates/metal-ions alter CG-utilization and hydrogen yield. • Media of CG with rice bran hydrolysate as co-substrate and Fe2+ is optimized (OpM). • OpM supports G117 to produce 17350 mL/L hydrogen with yield of 2.27 mol H2 /mol Glycerol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bran (RB) oil extraction was performed by applying renewable solvents like ethanol and ethyl acetate. To assess the interaction of these solvents with the oil, the UNIFAC model was chosen to determine the infinite dilution activity coefficient. Soxhlet extraction was utilized to determine the maximum possible yield. The adequacy of the experimental data to mass transfer kinetic and thermodynamic models was investigated with response surface methodology. By the theoretical adjustment, statistical parameters (R ² adj of 0.9398 for ethanol and 0.8525 for ethyl acetate) showed that the temperature and solvent/RB ratio have a notable influence on oil extraction. The experimental data agreed with the kinetic model based on solid-liquid mass transfer. The thermodynamic study showed that both solvents have endothermic, spontaneous, and irreversible processes. Interestingly, ethyl acetate had higher extraction yields at the beginning and reached its highest yield in a shorter time interval due to better compatibility with oily compounds present in rice bran and its lower viscosity. [Display omitted] • Rice bran oil extraction was conducted using ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. • RSM was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and solvent/rice bran ratio. • Ethyl acetate was found to have a lower ln(IDAC) compared to ethanol. • The mass transfer kinetic model accurately predicted the experimental data. • The extraction yield was higher when using ethyl acetate as the solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although biosorption is considered a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and straight forward technology to remove toxic metals from aqueous solutions, there are still some gaps that restrain its commercialization. For this purpose, various articles and patents have been published each year to make this technology more economical and effective. We reported a review on the biosorption of manganese ions (Mn2+) and nickel ions (Ni2+) from aqueous solutions. Various biosorbents have been reported for the effective removal of these toxic ions. These biosorbents include algal biomass, fungal biomass, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces, green tomato husk, corncob biomass, coconut shells, bacteria, Birbira leaves, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, maize stalks, crab shell particles, macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus, and rice bran. All biosorbents have good capacity of adsorption particularly algal and fungal biomasses. pH study, kinetic investigations, initial concentration, temperature, thermodynamic study and application of isotherms have been evaluated for biosorption of manganese ions (Mn2+) and nickel ions (Ni2+). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the high abundance of bound polyphenols (BP) in whole grain dietary fiber (DF), this study utilized multi-omics approach to evaluate the impact of BP of defatted rice bran insoluble DF (RIDF) in modulating obesity. Mice on high-fat diet were gavage-administered RIDF, BP-removed or formulated RIDF. The results indicated that DF significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation and damage induced by high-fat diet were significantly ameliorated with DF intervention. The presence of BP increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria g_Akkermansia and g_Butyricicocus , as well as the expression of butyric acid/propionic acid. Furthermore, the expression of hepatic lipids and lipid-like molecules was significantly decreased under the combined intervention of BP and DF, and this was accompanied by alterations in genes related to lipid, sterol, and cholesterol metabolic biological processes. These findings suggest that BP contribute to the anti-obesity effects of DF. The presence of bound polyphenol components enhances the anti-obesity effect of defatted rice bran insoluble dietary fiber. [Display omitted] • Polyphenols derive from insoluble dietary fiber of defatted rice bran • Dietary fiber (RIDF_DF) was obtained by removing polyphenols • Polyphenols contributed to the effect of dietary fiber on improving obesity • Polyphenols impact on liver metabolism and transcription • Propionic acid/butyric acid were key factors in the beneficial effect of polyphenols [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop a novel eutecto-oleogel and its characterizations. Using starch, beeswax, oil, and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), an oleogel with low hardness and high liquid fat was developed. The addition of starch and NADES in oleogels caused the formation of new intra or intermolecular hydrogen bonding and improved the oil binding capacity, thermal behavior, and texture of the oleogels. The oleogel with 1 % starch formed a strong gel with the most favorable functional, textural, flow properties and a high fanning factor. Complementary tests of the oleogel exhibited shear thinning and frequency-independent behavior, with zero residual effect. Non-isothermal crystallization and melting analysis of the oleogels showed noticeable differences among the various oleogels. These results contribute to a better understanding of oleo gelation in rice bran oil-based oleogels with NADES, and beeswax for formulating food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products with desired physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using different probiotic microorganisms in the composition of the synbiotic system fertilizer on microbial composition, nitrification process, and growth of Penaeus vannamei in the nursery phase. An intensive nursery was carried out (stocking density: 2000 shrimp m−3) for 40 days, using synbiotic fertilization protocols with different probiotic microorganisms in the following treatments: CW – clear water (control), B – Bacillus , BLP – Bacillus + Lactobacillus + Pediococcus , BLPY – Bacillus + Lactobacillus + Pediococcus + Yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), BY – Bacillus + Yeasts. In addition to probiotic, the fertilizer used rice bran as the main organic carbon source, molasses, sodium bicarbonate (as a buffer), and water in its composition. The Plankton community was analyzed by direct counting. The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing (NOB) bacteria were determined using fluorescent in situ hybridization. During the experimental time, a faster control of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was observed in BLP treatment. Throughout the trial, the control of nitrite through the nitrification process was not observed in the treatments where synbiotic systems were used. In these treatments, water changes were carried out to keep the concentration below the safe level for the species. The phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were basically dominated by Bacillariophyta and protozoans, respectively. On day 21 of the trial, BLP treatment had a higher abundance of AOB bacteria than CW, BLPY, and BY treatments. On day 39 of the experiment, BLP treatment had more NOB than BLPY and BY. Shrimp had a higher final weight in CW and BLP treatments than in the BY. Yield was higher in BLP, B, and BLPY treatments than in the CW. The use of Bacillus , Lactobacillus , and Pediococcus (BLP treatment) in synbiotic system fertilization promoted rapid control of TAN, a higher abundance of AOB and NOB, and improved shrimp growth performance in intensive nurseries. • Probiotic microorganisms in synbiotic improve ammonia control in shrimp nurseries. • Probiotic inoculation in shrimp nursery with synbiotic system increases AOB and NOB. • Probiotic inoculation improves growth and FCR in shrimp nurseries with synbiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented rice bran, when used as a carbon source in a biofloc system, can improve water quality, growth, and feeding efficiencies of cultured species. The present study delves into the effect of fermented rice bran as a carbon source on the growth and survival of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) fry. Additionally, the study investigated its impact on water quality, intestinal histology, proximate composition of fish and biofloc, total plate count of the experimental tank, and fish gut in the biofloc system. The study employed a completely randomized design with five different treatments: NFRB+BFT (Non-Fermented Rice Bran), FRBW+BFT (Fermented Rice Bran with Water), FRBP+BFT (Fermented Rice Bran with Probiotic), FRBY+BFT (Fermented Rice Bran with Yeast), and a clear-water system (with daily water exchange of 10%). The experimental duration was 60 days. The GIFT fry with an average weight of 1.04 ± 0.02 g were randomly distributed in High Density Polythene (HDPE) tanks of 110 L capacity at a stocking density of 250 individuals (ind.) m−3. Results indicated that the weight gain %, length gain %, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) in FRBP+BFT and FRBY+BFT treatments were similar, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other treatments. At the end of the experiment, FRBP+BFT and FRBY+BFT treatments showed lower ammonia-N values. The histological study of GIFT showed a number of villi and villi length in FRBP+BFT and FRBY+BFT were similar with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The protein, lipid, and ash content of fish and biofloc were similar with no significant differences (p > 0.05) in FRBP+BFT and FRBY+BFT treatments. The total plate count of fish gut and water in FRBP+BFT and FRBY+BFT treatments was similar and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the other treatments. Overall, the results indicate that rice bran fermented with both probiotic and yeast as a carbon source showed similar growth performance and improved water quality in rearing GIFT fry in a biofloc system. • GIFT strain of Nile tilapia is favored in aquaculture. • Expansion of aquaculture is vital for increased production. • Biofloc system is an eco-friendly aquaculture technique. • Fermentation of rice bran enhances its solubility and efficiency in biofloc system. • Among five treatments, probiotic and yeast-fermented rice bran is a better source of carbon for rearing GIFT fry in a biofloc system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a general model for predicting shelf-life of stabilized rice bran, different samples with varying residual enzyme activity, water activity (a w), and packaging materials were used, and hot air assisted-radio frequency (HA-RF) heating was applied as stabilization method. Free fatty acids (FFA) were recorded during storage at different temperatures and kinetic analysis was conducted to compare the effects of different conditions on rice bran shelf-life. FFA content increased rapidly during storage, and higher a w and lipase (LA) activity corresponded to a higher FFA generation rate. Only the increase in FFA of samples with low LA activity (≤30 mg/g) and a w (≤0.3) conformed to Zero-order model, while that of other samples conformed to Fractional Conversion model. For the inhibitory effect of packaging materials on the generation of FFA, BOPP/Kraft-paper/PE > PA/PE > PET/PE > LDPE. A back propagation neural network (BPNN) model was also constructed to predict rice bran shelf-life, which employing LA activity, a w , packaging materials, and storage temperature as input parameters. The BPNN model trained by Levenberg–Marquardt achieved the best prediction performance, with coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.996 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.077. Rice bran packaged by BOPP/Kraft-paper/PE with LA activity of 20 mg/g and a w of 0.2 had the longest shelf-life of 147 d at 25 °C. This model is of great help in predicting the shelf-life of stabilized rice bran and guiding the development of rice bran stabilization process. [Display omitted] • Higher a w and LA activity corresponded to higher generation rates of FFA. • BOPP/Kraft-paper/PE material achieved the best performance in inhibiting FFA generation. • Zero-order and Fractional Conversion model were applied for FFA generation rate. • For the first time, a BPNN model for shelf-life estimation of rice bran was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study suggested that bound phenolic acids of rice bran were converted into free phenolic acids during fermentation and these free phenolic acids improved the yogurt stability. Thus, this work investigated the effect of adding ferulic acid, the major phenolic acid of rice bran, on the yogurt stability. It was observed that the syneresis of yogurt was reduced by adding 100 μg/mL ferulic acid before fermentation, which suggested that ferulic acid increased the yogurt stability. Accordingly, adding ferulic acid made the yogurt gel more compact. However, 100 μg/mL ferulic acid had no significant impact on the pH, viscosity, and viscoelasticity of yogurt. Thus, the interaction between ferulic acid and milk protein was investigated. It was observed that ferulic acid interacted with milk protein through the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. Therefore, it was speculated that ferulic acid interacted with milk protein molecules and induced the more compact structure of yogurt, thus improving the yogurt stability. However, adding ferulic acid after fermentation had no significant impact on the yogurt stability, because the gelation of milk protein caused by fermentation hindered the interaction between ferulic acid and milk protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant effect of purified phytic acid (PPA) from rice bran (rice polishing by-product) combined with sodium erythorbate (SE) was evaluated for the first time in mortadella (added with 60% mechanically separated meat), a cured product with high-fat content and highly prone to oxidation, characteristic in Brazil. PPA proved effective compared to standard analytical grade phytic acid (SPA). Two central composite rotational designs (CCRD) (A and B) were employed to investigate the influence of PPA and SE, and SPA and SE, respectively, on mortadella lipid oxidation evaluated by TBARS after 30 days at 30 °C. Due to the high phytic acid's potent antioxidant capacity, the combination of PPA and SE synergistically reduced mortadella lipid oxidation. Furthermore, PPA from rice bran effectively controlled lipid oxidation in mortadella when combined with SE in the range of 5.0 to 9.0 mmol/kg of SPA and 25.0 to 50.0 mmol/kg of SE. [Display omitted] • Phytic acid & sodium erythorbate synergistically protect mortadella against oxidation. • Phytic acid reduces 15–50% erythorbate in mortadella with similar oxidation protection. • Replacement of erythorbate by phytic acid reduces synthetic additives in up to 50% in mortadella. • Phytic acid & erythorbate preserve fatty food emulsions. • Purified phytic acid replaces rice phytic acid standard in mortadella oxidation protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve high cell adhesion and growth efficiency on scaffolds for cultured meat, animal materials, especially gelatin, are necessary though the disadvantages of weak mechanical properties and poor stability of their hydrogel scaffolds are present during cell cultivation. Here, we use rice bran as a kind of filling and supporting materials to develop a composite scaffold with gelatin for fish cell cultivation, where rice bran is also inexpensive from high yield fibrous agricultural by-product. The rice bran (with a proportion of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 to 3 of gelatin) could evenly distributed in the three-dimensional network composed of gelatin hydrogel. It contributed to delaying swelling and degradation rates, fixing water and improving elastic modulus. It is important that rice bran-gelatin hydrogel scaffolds (especially the hydrogel with 70 % rice bran, db) promoted piscine satellite cells (PSCs) proliferation effectively compared to the pure gelatin hydrogel, and the former could also support the differentiation of PSCs. Overall, this work showed a positive promotion to explore new source of scaffold materials like agricultural by-product for reducing the cost of cell cultured meat production. • Rice bran (RB) contributed to alleviating both the expansion and degradation of hydrogels. • RB-gelatin hydrogels combine dual characteristics of elastic solids and viscous fluids. • The porosity of RB-gelatin hydrogels was not the key for piscine satellite cells (PSCs) growth. • PSCs could adhere, proliferate well on RB(especially 70 %, db)-gelatin hydrogel scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the in vitro digestibility of starch and protein aerogels produced from defatted rice bran (DRB), an underutilized rice processing byproduct, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2) drying. The extracted starch (i.e., purified starch), crude starch, and proteins were used for the aerogel formation at 15% (w /w) concentration and further characterized. All aerogels exhibited three-dimensional open porous structures with high surface areas of 36–47 m2/g, densities lower than 0.3 g/cm3, and porosities higher than 84%. The starch hydrolyses in starch and crude starch aerogels were 86 and 73%, respectively, while the protein hydrolysis in protein aerogels reached up to 82% after sequential oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. Thus, the hydrolysis rates achieved in simulated digestions suggest that the developed aerogels from DRB have the potential to serve as vehicles for delivering bioactive compounds and add value to the underutilized DRB. [Display omitted] • Starch and protein-based nanoporous aerogels were generated from defatted rice bran. • Aerogels showed 3D open porous structures with high surface areas and porosities. • Aerogel formation reduced the crystallinity of the starch/protein-based samples. • Starch and protein aerogels showed hydrolyses of 86 and 83%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ferulic acid amide analogues were designed. • Virtual screening protocols were carried out identified few molecules were obeying Lipinski's rule. • Further docking studies were conducted based on that five molecules were identified best interactions and docking score. • Among them FA2 and FA3 were selected and further synthesized, analysed by spectroscopy. • They had significant free radical scavenging capacity and cytotoxicity activity,. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring substances that possess heightened levels of antioxidants. Among these, ferulic acid (FA) is widely found in fruits and vegetables, including sweet corn, tomatoes, rice bran, and is recognized for its antioxidant qualities. Various diseases include cancer, cardiomyopathy, skin, brain disorders, viral infections and diabetes are the oxidative stress-based diseases could benefit from FA's treatment. However, ferulic acid's antioxidant properties were lowered by its hydophobicity, which prevents it from autoxidation of fats and oils. However, its physicochemical and pharmacological properties can be improved by the addition of amide groups which is highly desirable. In the present investigation, two new amide analogues of ferulic acid, FA2 and FA3, were designed, synthesized and screened to assess the potential of these compounds in computational and invitro experiments. Ferulic acid analogues were biologically evaluated on K562 cells, and the results revealed that FA3, a synthesized analogue of ferulic acid, demonstrated a greater degree of inhibition that FA2 as well as the original molecule of ferulic acid, suggesting its strong antioxidant activity. Utilizing MDM2 as a receptor, we carried out docking and dynamic studies to gain an understanding of the potential molecular mechanism by which the action was carried out. The docking and dynamic results showed that FA3 has showed higher rates binding energy -6.04 Kcal/Mol than FA2 -4.55 04 Kcal/Mol, and ferulic acid -4.19 Kcal/Mol. All the molecules are interacted with the residues involved in p53 binding of MDM2 protein. This study clearly revealed that FA3 ferulic acid analogue interacts with MDM2 amino acids that might have inhibited by the binding of MDM2 to p53. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buriti oil is extracted from the fruits of a palm tree (Mauritia flexuosa L.) native to the Amazon rainforest, having one of the highest levels of β-carotene found in nature. The emulsification of buriti oil contributes to protecting the bioavailability of its bioactive compounds during processing. Drying oil-loaded emulsions is a way to produce microcapsules that have higher storage stability and expand the application possibilities of buriti oil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of spray drying conditions on the microencapsulation of buriti oil, using response surface methodology. Bilayer emulsions were stabilized by whey protein isolate and high-methoxyl pectin and spray dried. The effects of inlet air temperature (154–196 °C) and feed flow rate (1.2–6.8 mL/min) on different properties of the microcapsules were evaluated. Higher air temperatures caused a positive effect on process yield but affected the color and encapsulation efficiency, while the increase in feed flow rate had a positive effect on the color of microcapsules. The higher drying rates negatively affected the microcapsules, resulting in larger and agglomerated particles, with the presence of holes in their surface. Surface models were obtained to predict color parameters of the microcapsules, which can be used as tools to quality control during processing. In general, the low drying rate resulted in microcapsules with suitable characteristics to ensure oil protection. The optimized spray drying process allows the production of buriti oil microcapsules with potential for application as natural pigments in the food industry. [Display omitted] • The spray drying microencapsulation process of buriti oil was optimized; • The encapsulation efficiency of buriti oil microcapsules ranged from 79 % to 90 %; • Higher drying temperature and feed flow rate led to larger particle sizes; • Surface models were obtained to predict color parameters; • Particles with a smooth surface were obtained at lower drying temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop novel food-grade Pickering emulsion stabilizers, insoluble rice bran protein-polysaccharide-phenol natural complex (IRBPPP) was prepared into Pickering emulsion stabilizers after different mechanical pretreatments (shear, high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic, and combined mechanical pretreatment). With the increase in mechanical pretreatment types, the covalent binding of proteins and polysaccharides in IRBPPP gradually enhanced, the breakage efficiency of IRBPPP gradually increased (IRBPPP particle size decreased from 220.54 to 67.89 μm, the specific surface area of IRBPPP particle increased from 993.47 to 2033.86 cm−1/g), and the microstructure of IRBPPP gradually showed an orderly network structure, which enhanced the IRBPPP dispersion stability and the Pickering emulsion stability. Pickering emulsion stability was highly correlated (P < 0.01) with the breakage efficiency of IRBPPP particles. Overall, the combined mechanical pretreatment improved the stability of the IRBPPP-stabilized Pickering emulsion. The study added value to rice bran products and offered a new way to create stable food-grade Pickering emulsions for functional foods using natural protein-polysaccharide-phenol complex particles. [Display omitted] • Mechanical pretreatment promoted covalent interaction of protein and polysaccharide. • Mechanical pretreatment induced structure breakage of the natural complex. • Mechanical pretreatment allowed natural complex to form orderly network structure. • Endogenous phenol content determined the surface wettability of natural complex. • Mechanical pretreatment improved the Pickering emulsion stability of natural complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipase production was achieved using a thermo-alkalophilic-halophilic-ionic liquid-tolerant strain of Klebsiella aerogenes IBGE-ASQ-AA-BC-004, with mustard oilcake serving as the substrate. This production holds significance for various biotechnological applications, particularly in biodiesel and detergent manufacturing. Notably, the bacterium demonstrated lipase production containing 15 % w w−1 of various ionic liquids, showcasing its resilience and adaptability to adverse chemical conditions—crucial attributes for industrial utilization. Several experiments were designed to optimize the lipase production conditions, revealing rice bran as the most effective carbon source among the tested untreated agricultural residues. Ionic liquid pretreatment not only facilitated bacterial growth but also enhanced lipase production, indicating a synergistic effect. Supplementing mineral medium with oilcakes from various oils, notably mustard oilcake, significantly promoted bacterial growth and increased lipase production. Addition of Tween 20 and polyethylene glycol surfactants substantially boosted lipase production, potentially enhancing enzyme stability and substrate accessibility. The stability of the purified lipase was assessed under various conditions to determine its thermostability, alkalophilic nature, and tolerance to ionic liquids. These properties were evaluated by incubating the enzyme under different temperatures ranging from 25 to 80 °C for 24 h to assess thermostability, varying pH values from 4 to 12 for 24 h to determine alkalophilic behavior, and exposure to 20 % (w v−1) ionic liquids for 24 h to establish tolerance. The produced lipase was subjected to the transesterification of waste cooking oil, yielding 83.21 % fatty acid methyl ester after 24 h. This high yield demonstrates the effectiveness of the optimized lipase in biodiesel production, contributing to sustainable energy production by utilizing waste and renewable resources. [Display omitted] • An ionic liquid tolerant strain was isolated from saltern soil. • Bacterial strain tolerated 15 % w w−1 of different ILs. • Lipase was produced from mustard oilcake. • Klebsiella aerogenes produced lipase at 8 pH and 45 °C. • The FAME yield of 83.21 % was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An integration of thermochemical and chemical processes for full use of rice bran is presented. • Fermentable sugars, bio-oil, hydro-char, and methyl esters (fuel precursors) were produced concurrently. • Platform chemicals (organic acids/furanic compounds) and a catalyst material were also obtained. • The arrangement presents an alternative for full processing of lignocellulosic and oily biomasses. This research reports first-time results regarding the complete processing of rice bran through the combination of extraction, processing hydrothermal, sulfonation, and trans -esterification procedures, generating biofuel precursors – fermentable sugars, bio-oil, hydro-char, and methyl esters – platform chemicals, and a catalyst material. Analyzes of XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, EDS, calorific power, GC, and HPLC were employed for the product characterizations. Concerning the hydrothermal processing, the "temperature" and "biomass/water mass ratio" demonstrated an interesting influence on the results, where the thermal parameter had a greater impact on directing the process to obtain products resulting from the biomass polysaccharides thermal decomposition. At 260 °C, 11.98 and 11.40 g (100 g biomass)−1 of fermentable sugars and platform chemicals were obtained, respectively. At 300 °C, the production of bio-oil and hydro-char were benefited, yielding 10.48 and 30.19 g (100 g biomass)−1 of each component, respectively. The hydro-char-sulfonated catalyst demonstrated an attractive catalytic capacity in esterifying the free fatty acids of the rice bran oil, while simultaneously presenting some difficulty in transesterifying its triglycerides, indicating limitations in the mass transfer of the heterogeneous reaction. Using 4 wt% of catalyst, 90.1 % of the free fatty acids and 60.3 % of the triglycerides contained in the oil were trans -esterified into methyl esters after 6 h, respectively, with no decrease in its catalytic activity being observed after four reuses. This process combination presents an alternative arrangement for the full processing of lignocellulosic and oily biomasses, in addition to representing an approach matchless for the rice bran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of balanced diet is critical for reproductive success in fish. A feeding trial on Labeo catla females was carried out in earthen pond to assess the effect of different dietary protein to carbohydrate ratio on gonad maturation and breeding performance. Three feed D-I (Feed-I), D-II (Feed-II) and D-III (Feed-III) were formulated with varying ratio of Ground Nut Oil Cake (GNOC) and rice bran (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2) and fed for 120 days. To assess the gonad maturation events, GSI VSI, breeding, fatty acid analysis, sex hormone profiling, cholesterol, triglyceride and histological examinations were conducted. Fish groups fed with D-III exhibited the highest VSI and visceral fat (VF) deposition, followed by those fed with D-I, whereas groups fed with D-II showed significantly lower levels (P<0.05). The result of GSI was completely opposite to values of VSI. Ovarian histology showed less number of mature oocytes in D-I & D-III treatments and more mature oocytes in D-II. Breeding results showed that fishes fed with D-I and D-III hampered gonad maturation whereas fish fed with D-II responded towards spawning, fertilization, and hatching. Increased levels of testosterone, estradiol, and vitellogenin (Vtg) were observed in the D-II fed group whereas increased level of progesterone was observed in D-I fed group followed by D-II and D-III. Serum cholesterol was higher in the D-III and D-I group. Visceral fat accumulation prior to ovarian maturation is a normal phenomenon in this species which serves as a lipid reservoir required for the later transfer to the gonad as yolk or is utilized as an energy source for gonad maturation. However higher level of protein or carbohydrate in the diet disrupted normal gonad maturation and lead to abnormal visceral fat accumulation, sex steroid level, failure in spawning response and seed production. • Imbalance in dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratios causes abnormal visceral fat accumulation. • Affects hormonal profile and oocyte development thus disrupted gonad maturation and breeding performances in L. catla. • Balanced brood stock diet is highly essential during reproductive course in case of L. catla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf meal is currently the most cost-effective source of protein and energy for use as a supplement in fish feed. The drawback associated with integrating it into the fish diet pertains to the presence of anti-nutritional elements that must be eliminated through a viable approach such as the addition of exogenous enzymes for achieving optimal fish production. Consequently, a 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the black gram leaf meal (BGLM) as a potential ingredient to replace de-oiled rice bran (DORB) in the diet of Labeo rohita juveniles and reported for the first time. Three hundred acclimatized juveniles (average weight 11 ± 0.09 g) were allocated randomly into ten treatment groups in triplicate. Ten iso-nitrogenous (32 %) and iso-lipidic (6 %) diets were made with varying degrees of BGLM inclusion by gradually replacing DORB without or with exogenous enzyme mixture (E) of protease, xylanase, and phytase at a ratio of 1:1:1 viz. Control (40 % DORB, 0 % BGLM), BG 10 (30 % DORB, 10 % BGLM), BG 20 (20 % DORB, 20 % BGLM), BG 30 (10 % DORB, 30 % BGLM), BG 40 (0 % DORB, 40 % BGLM) & CE (C + 0.1 % E), BG 10 E (BG 10 + 0.1 % E), BG 20 E (BG 20 + 0.1 % E), BG 30 E (BG 30 + 0.1 % E), BG 40 E (BG 40 + 0.1 % E) were prepared. Fish fed with BG 20 E diet exhibited maximum growth rates, nutrient utilization and digestibility co-efficient of the diet (P<0.05) however these were similar in C+E treatment (P>0.05). Inclusion of 20 % or more BGLM without enzyme cocktail significantly (P<0.05) decreased the nutrient utilization and growth performance of L. rohita. The dry matter and nutrient digestibility of the experimental diet were significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the inclusion of 20 % or more BGLM in place of DORB, however supplementation of exogenous enzyme cocktail significantly increase (P<0.05) the digestibility and highest was recorded in BG 20 E. The present study concluded that supplementation of exogenous enzyme cocktail (protease, xylanase, and phytase) increase the digestibility of BGLM and increases its inclusion level up to 30 % in the diet of L. rohita , however, 20 % BGLM supplemented with enzyme cocktail registered the best growth, nutrient utilization and digestibility coefficient of the diet. • Cocktail of exogenous enzymes (protease, xylanase and phytase) improved the nutritional value of black gram leaf meal (BGLM). • Cocktail of exogenous enzymes increased the growth performance of Labeo rohita fed with BGLM based diet. • Exogenous enzyme cocktail improved the digestibility of BGLM based diet and increase the inclusion level of BGLM up to 30% in the diet of Labeo rohita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Alkali enzymatic extraction parameters influenced yield of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre (DF) • Yield of DF depends on concentration of enzyme and extraction time. • Alkali enzymatic extraction altered morphology of extracted soluble and insoluble DF. • Extracted soluble and insoluble DF as an fortificant for development of DF rich porridge. • Implementation of fuzzy analysis of developed DF rich rice porridge. Rice bran is abundant in dietary fiber and is often referred to as the seventh nutrient, recognized for its numerous health benefits. The objective of the current study is to investigate the extraction of both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber from defatted rice bran (DRB) using an alkali-enzymatic treatment through response surface methodology. The independent variables like substrate percentage (5–30 %), enzyme concentration (1–50 µL/g), and treatment time (2–12 h) and dependent variables were the yield of soluble and insoluble DF. The highest extraction yield was observed with alkali enzyme concentration (50 µL/g) treatment, resulting in 2 % SDF and 59.5 % IDF at 24 h of extraction. The results indicate that cellulase-AC enzyme aids in the hydrolysis of higher polysaccharides, leading to structural alterations in DRB and an increase in DF yield. Furthermore, the disruption of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding between oligosaccharides and the starch matrix helps to increase in DF yield, was also confirmed through FTIR and SEM. The extracted DF soluble and insoluble was then used to develop rice porridge. Sensory evaluation using fuzzy logic analysis reported the highest scores for samples containing 0.5 % insoluble DF and 1.25 % soluble DF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the amino acid (AA) requirements for striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is very limited. The main objective of the study was to determine maintenance requirements and utilization of digestible methonine (Met) and other essential amino acids (EAA) for growth in juvenile striped catfish. To evaluate the objective, a series of three different trials were carried out. Initially, a 28-d feed deprivation study showed an allometric relationship between energy, protein, or AA losses (y) and geometric body weight (BW), where the relationship was expressed as a power function (y = a BW b ) with the exponent values (b) being 0.84 for energy, 0.83 for protein, and 0.81–0.90 for various EAAs. Next, a digestibility trial was carried out to determine apparent digestibility coefficients of energy, protein and AA from the ingredients, including: fish meal, soybean meal, wheat bran, regular and defatted rice bran. These values were then used in the final trial to formulate two diets on a digestible AA basis with similar crude protein (31%), energy (17.1 kJ g−1) and AA composition - except for digestible Met and Met+Cys, which were 0.47% and 0.90% for Diet A, and 0.61% and 1.05% for Diet B. The diets were fed to quadruplicate groups of fish (∼10 g initial weight; 20 fish per tank) at increasing ration levels (∼ 35%, 55%, 77%, 93% and 100% apparent satiation) for 64 days. One group was deprived of feed for 28 days. The results showed that feeding catfish at increasing ration levels significantly improves the growth performance in both dietary treatments. Additionally, the group fed Diet B showed significantly better weight gain than the corresponding group fed Diet A at 93% and 100% satiation. The maintenance requirement was determined to be 21.77 mg digestible (dig) Met kg−0.83 d−1 and 35.3 mg dig Met+Cys kg−0.83 d−1 based on a linear model and to be 18.8 mg digestible (dig) Met kg−0.83 d−1 and 30.7 mg dig Met+Cys kg−0.83 d−1 based on an exponential fit to the data. The efficiency of digestible Met utilization (k DMet assessed based on Diet B) for growth above maintenance was found to be 63% (including data of all ration levels) or 71% (excluding data of 100% satiation), while that for the Met+Cys (k DM+C) was found to be 46% (including data of all ration levels) or 51% (excluding data of 100% satiation). The efficiency of digestible protein utilization for weight gain with Diet B was found to be higher (66%) than that with Diet A (57%), indicating the importance of balancing striped catfish diets for dietary Met. The study also determined maintenance requirements and utilization efficiency of other EAAs which need to be further improved. These data can be used to derive AA requirements for striped catfish based on a factorial modelling approach which relies on maintenance requirements, growth utilization of AA, and targeted growth or protein deposition. • An allometric relationship (y = a BW b ) was established between energy, protein, or amino acid losses (y) and geometric body weight (BW), with the exponent values (b) being 0.84 for energy, 0.83 for protein, and 0.81–0.90 for various EAAs for striped catfish. • Maintenance requirements (mg kg−0.83 d−1) of digestible Met was determined to be 21.77 mg and 18.8 mg and that of digestible Met + Cys was determined 35.3 mg and 30.7 mg, based on linear and exponential models, respectively. • Growth utilization efficiency of digestible Met was estimated to be 63% (or 71% when excluding data of 100% apparent satiation), while that of digestible Met+Cys was found to be 46% (or 51% when excluding data of 100% apparent satiation). • The study also provided maintenance requirements and utilization efficiency of protein and other essential amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Developed the RBPF-HIPPEs system for efficient CE delivery with excellent stability. • Moderate oxidation enhanced bioaccessibility of CE in RBPF-HIPPEs. • Moderate acid-heating improved CE stability in RBPF-HIPPEs. Rice bran protein fibril (RBPF)-high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) loaded with β-carotene (CE) were constructed to enhance stability and bioavailability of CE. Rice bran (RB) protein with varying oxidation degrees was extracted from RB with varying storage period (0–10 days) to prepare RBPF by acid-heating (90 °C, 2–12 h) to stabilize HIPPEs. The influence of protein oxidation on the encapsulation properties of RBPF-HIPPEs was studied. The results showed that CE-HIPPEs could be stably stored for 56 days at 25 °C. When RB storage time was the same, the average particle size, lipid hydroperoxide content, and malondialdehyde content of CE-HIPPEs and the CE degradation rate initially fell, and then grew as the acid-heating time prolonged, while the ζ-potential value, viscosity, viscoelasticity, free fatty acid (FFA) release rate, and bioaccessibility first rose, and subsequently fell. When acid-heating time of RBPF was the same, the average particle size, lipid hydroperoxide content, and malondialdehyde content of CE-HIPPEs initially fell, and subsequently increased with RB storage time extended, while the ζ-potential value, viscosity, viscoelasticity, FFA release rate, and bioaccessibility initially increased, and then decreased. Overall, Moderate oxidation and moderate acid-heating enhanced the stability as well as rheological properties of CE-HIPPEs, thus improving the stability and bioaccessibility of CE. This study offered a new insight into the delivery of bioactive substances by protein fibril aggregates-based HIPPEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrons are utilized in diverse fields, such as physics, biology, chemistry, geology, agriculture, medicine, mining, military, and space research. Neutrons interacting with human tissues and cells can cause harm to soft tissues, such as the cornea, and alter cell functionality, leading to the cessation of cell proliferation and resulting in cell/tisssue damage or cancers. Effective protective materials are necessary to enable the safe use of neutrons in these applications. In this study, several samples of novel types of composites were prepared by blending rice bran wax (RBX) with recycled polyethylene (rPE) at five different ratios ranging from 0% to 50%. The RBX in the composites enhances their neutron absorption capacities and while the rPE in the composites reduce their costs. Several essential fast neutron shielding parameters, such as half-value layer, effective removal cross-section, mean free path, and neutron transmission ratio, were calculated with Monte Carlo simulation GEANT4 code. Absorbed dose amount by the samples were determined using a241Am-9Be neutron source. The theoretical and experimental values of the shielding capacities of the novel composites were compared with those of paraffin and traditional concrete. Compared with the reference samples, the new RBX composite samples had higher neutron radiation absorption capacities. The functional groups of the RBX and rPE were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry (Bruker Vertex 70v FTIR spectrometer with the attenuated total reflection (ATR) module) in the spectral area of 400–4000 cm−1 with 32 scans. The thermal chareteristics of the samples were determined with the differential scanning calorimeter Mettler-Toledo/DSC1/700. The developed composite materials are useable as protective material against neutron radiation in radiation settings, such as radiotherapy rooms, within and outside nuclear power plants, as well as in settings involving the storage or transportation of radioactive waste. • The neutron radiation absorption parameters of samples has been determined by GEANT4 code. • The experimental neutron absorbed dose rates has been measurement of samples. • RBX50 was found to be best radioprotector for fast neutrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Particle size < 125 µm enhances plasticizer interaction, easing processing. • Particle size < 200 µm increases load capacity while < 125 µm enhances flexibility. • Reduced particle size improves porosity and water absorption capacity. • Rheological and tensile properties improve for lower plasticizer proportions. Plastics play a vital role in modern society but their non-biodegradable nature has led to environmental concerns. Biomass-derived biodegradable bioplastics offer an eco-friendly alternative and protein and starch-based bioplastics, sourced from agro-food residues, are gaining prominence due to their renewability. However, many bio-based materials face challenges and developing efficient processing methods is crucial for their industrial viability. Optimizing particle size and plasticizer proportion is vital to tailor the properties of bioplastics. This study evaluates rice bran-based bioplastics, produced via injection molding, considering particle size and the impact of glycerol ratio. Smaller particle sizes enhance interactions during processing and, the conditions achieved during mixing determined the relevance of biopolymer–plasticizer and biopolymer–biopolymer interactions, leading to different behaviors depending on their balance. The processability and final properties of the materials developed were also affected by the glycerol ratio, with higher rice bran proportion leading to better rheological and mechanical properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A massive amount of waste is generated globally from agriculture sector annually that offers potential feedstock for biorefineries. Undoubtedly α-amylase has become the backbone of starch-based industries. It is a crucial amylolytic enzyme possessing versatile applications. An expensive synthetic substrate that is non-eco-friendly and toxic is not sustainable enough for large scale enzyme production. The agricultural residues should be employed as they are the low-budget production medium with high yield and are eco-friendly. Thus, current study deals with the valorization of agricultural by-products for α-amylase production. Two divergent rice-milled by-products (de-oiled rice bran and rice husk) were investigated to ascertain the best economical medium for α-amylase production. The study deals with production, partial purification and kinetics analysis of α-amylase from rice milled by-products by two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160 and Bacillus subtilis MB6). Out of all combinations, the best production (161.45 ± 2.60 U/mL) was obtained in DORB_ S. aureus. The K m and V max values of DORB_ S. aureus were 1.468 mg/mL and 34.722 mg/mL/min respectively. The study provides a roadmap for significant consumption of agricultural by-products. The study highly recommends researchers to explore some more agricultural residues as an eco-friendly and inexpensive medium to synthesize various bio-products under green technology. [Display omitted] • Valorization of unspent agricultural waste into α-amylase. • Rice bran and deoiled rice bran was compared to ascertain best production medium. • Insights provided will help in cutting back the solid waste disposal problem. • The overall best production was recorded in deoiled rice bran_ S. aureus. • pH 8, 42 °C, 48 h, 2 % maltose gave highest α-amylase in deoiled rice bran _ S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the study of hydrolysates from food proteins has been increasingly due to their wide range of biological activities. Hydrolysates contain peptides of 2–20 amino acids that are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein, but, once released after proteolytic processes, they exert numerous beneficial health effects. Hemp, the non-drug variety of Cannabis sativa , is known as an important source of bioactive peptides due to the high quality of hempseeds protein (20–25%) and well-balanced amino acid profile. For this reason, during the last decade, numerous investigations have searched to elucidate the beneficial effects on the health of these hempseed protein hydrolysates. The aim of this review was to collect all the scientific evidence on the demonstrated beneficial effects of hempseed protein hydrolysates (HHs). Key findings and conclusions : HHs have showed to possess antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering capacities in vitro systems. All these effects have pointed out HHs as future ingredient for the development of functional foods or dietary supplements useful for the prevention of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes or hypertension. However, few studies have evaluated the in vivo effects of HHs. For this reason, further studies carried out in animal models or human are necessary to better exploit the use of HHs for the development of new dietary supplements. [Display omitted] • Hempseed hydrolysates (HHs) exert pleotropic health-promoting effects. • HHs may be useful for the prevention of chronic disease. • The beneficial properties of HHs has increased over the last ten years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malnutrition and diarrhea are leading causes of death in children aged <5 y. Rice bran is a nutrient-dense prebiotic available globally.Objectives: The objective of this secondary analysis was to evaluate the effects of daily rice bran supplementation on environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) markers, total fecal secretory IgA (sIgA), and microbiota in infants at high risk of malnutrition.Methods: Six-month-old Malian and Nicaraguan infants were randomly assigned to control or daily rice bran supplementation cohorts (1 to 5 g/d). Feces were collected monthly for 6 mo to evaluate fecal sIgA, markers of EED, and microbiota diversity. Statistical methods included linear mixed models, generalized mixed models, Spearman correlation, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.Results: Six-month-old Malian infants had significantly elevated sIgA (4.0× higher, P < 0.001), fecal myeloperoxidase (31.6× higher, P < 0.001), fecal α1-antitrypsin (1.8× higher, P = 0.006), and lower fecal neopterin (0.13× higher, P < 0.001) than the age-matched Nicaraguan infants. In the Nicaraguan rice bran cohort from 6 to 12 mo of age, there was a significant decrease in sIgA concentrations (0.4×, P < 0.05) and a correlation between sIgA and the EED marker α1-antitrypsin (0.523, P < 0.0001) at 12 mo of age. In Malian infants, daily rice bran ingestion resulted in decreased EED scores (0.71×, P = 0.02) and a stable sIgA concentration over time. The rice bran group of Malian infants also had correlation between sIgA and the EED marker neopterin (0.544, P < 0.001) at 12 mo of age and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in microbiota α-diversity at a younger age (9 mo with rice bran compared with 10 mo in control group), which supports earlier microbiota maturation.Conclusions: These results support rice bran as a functional food ingredient targeting gut mucosa in children at high-risk of malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural Deep Eutectic solvents (NaDES) was used to produce, after sequential one-pot extraction and biotransformation of naturally pigmented rice bran (RB), ready-to-use extracts that improve the oxidative stability of lipids in an oil-in-water emulsion. Two NaDES-based strategies were implemented. Extraction of phenolics content varied according to the NaDES. The shiftable NaDES (obtained from the acidic-NaDES based on ChCl and xylitol) stands out by showing content of 1525 mg eq gallic acid/100 g RB. The sequential one-pot biotransformation with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B after increasing pH, was marked by a decrease in phenolics content and a lipids profile variation. These enriched extracts could be used as natural additives or ready-to-use extracts, as confirmed by the encouraging antioxidant results observed in emulsion. Omics tools should be applied to elucidate the structural rearrangement between compounds and the pool of extracted antioxidant molecules that may explain the protection against lipid oxidation. [Display omitted] • Original one-pot extraction and enzymatic biotransformation of rice bran using NaDES. • Confirmation of the NaDES extraction efficiency for phenolics but also for minor lipids. • Chromatographic changes after biotransformation suggest structural rearrangements. • NaDES showed a strong pro-oxidative effect in oil-in-water emulsion. • NaDES can produce improved ready-to-use natural extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food crop with a rich history and significant contributions to global nutrition. This study examines the production of rice and rice bran, focusing on their nutritional profiles, bioactive compounds, and the lack of proper guidelines for aflatoxins and arsenic in rice products. Rice bran's potential as a dietary supplement, particularly in addressing nutrient deficiencies and diseases, is highlighted. Arsenic contamination, a critical food safety issue, is discussed, as their accumulation poses significant risks, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and developmental problems. This overview addresses aflatoxin and arsenic contamination, threatening rice's safety and by-products. The structure and characteristics of rice bran, including types of grain polishing, stabilization processes, and toxic elements, are also analyzed. Factors affecting the bioavailability of nutrients, such as pesticide residues and storage conditions, are considered. The review emphasizes the antioxidant properties of rice milling by-products, particularly pigmented rice varieties rich in bioactive compounds. It offers health benefits such as cancer prevention, anti-diarrheal effects, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive analysis underscores rice bran's nutritional and therapeutic value, advocating for its broader utilization to enhance global health and combat nutrient deficiencies. [Display omitted] • Rice bran's rich bioactive compounds offer significant health benefits. • Effective aflatoxin and arsenic mitigation can improve rice safety. • Rice bran is beneficial for managing cancer, diabetes, and digestive health. • Advances in stabilization and extraction methods enhance rice bran utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the plankton community, growth and economic variables of Penaeus vannamei culture in a synbiotic system. Two treatments were used: partial feed restriction (FR) and control without restriction (WR). The study was conducted in triplicate using a completely randomized design. The juveniles (1.67 g ± 0.15) were transferred to six lined ponds of 600 m2 (12 shrimp m−2 density, 20 ppt salinity) for 60 days and fed with commercial feed (35% CP). The ponds received organic (synbiotic — rice bran) and inorganic (urea) fertilization. Shrimp zootechnical performance indicated significant difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR), with values of 0.30 and 0.59 in FR and WR, respectively, which shows a reduction of 49.3%. Plankton showed no significant difference, with dominance of Chlorophyta and Protozoan. In the economic analysis, there was only different amount of feed between the treatments, it implied significant differences reducing the effective operating costs by 21.8% and total operating costs by 20.2% in the FR treatment. In addition, FR break-even point was also reduced by 18.8%, however both treatments had equally positive profitability indicators. Therefore, the feed restriction for P. vannamei in synbiotic system at low stocking density is possible, seeing that the shrimp presented total compensatory growth, reducing FCR without altering the other zootechnical performance parameters. It contributed to costs reduction, although it is important to highlight that offering feed in full cycle with low FCR can promote greater returns to the producer (∼ 40%). Hence, feed restriction is recommended, especially in shrimp farms with low working capital. • In the synbiotic system, restricted shrimp had full weight compensation after refeeding. • Feed restriction reduced FCR to ∼50%, operational costs and break-even point. • Without feed restriction (obtaining low FCR ∼ 0.6), increases 40% of the economic return. • Feed restriction is recommended mainly for producers with low working capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the emulsion rheological properties and the structural characteristics of interface-adsorbed protein (IAP) and interface-unabsorbed protein (IUP) of rice bran protein and epigallocatechin-3-gallate complex (RBP-EGCG) were studied. Compared to RBP-EGCG without ultrasonic pretreatment, appropriate ultrasonic pretreatment (ultrasonic power was 425 W) enhanced the IAP trypsin sensitivity (from 3.20 to 3.73), increased the IUP surface hydrophobicity (from 12.59 to 20.87), and decreased the ζ-potential (from −24.93 mV to −36.88 mV) and particle size (from 567.30 nm to 273.13 nm) of IUP, thereby increasing the viscosity and viscoelasticity of emulsion. Compared to appropriate ultrasonic pretreatment, high-power ultrasonic pretreatment (ultrasonic power was 500 W) attenuated the IAP trypsin sensitivity, and increased the ζ-potential and particle size of IUP, thereby decreasing the viscosity and viscoelasticity of emulsion. Overall, ultrasonic pretreatment changed the EGCG-RBP emulsion viscoelasticity by regulating spatial structural characteristics and flexibility of interface protein. [Display omitted] • Ultrasonic pretreatment changes the emulsion rheological properties of RBP-EGCG. • Ultrasonic pretreatment changes the structure of emulsion interface protein. • The structure of interface proteins determines the emulsion rheological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the novel use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) in real food by incorporating them into mayonnaise, either alone or with pigmented rice bran (RB). Results showed that NaDES-fortified mayonnaises could prevent lipid oxidation. Notably, mayonnaises with NaDES2 (betaine:sucrose:water) significantly reduced the production of lipid hydroperoxides, which was maintained to an average of 2.6 mmol LOOH/kg oil, which is 2.9 times lower than the control (7.5 mmol LOOH/kg oil), or 7.4 times lower than mayonnaise with citric acid (19.1 mmol LOOH/kg oil). NaDES2-fortified mayonnaises maintained high tocopherols levels (0.97 g/Kg oil) and reduced volatile compounds from secondary lipid oxidation. This effect may result from NaDES altering the aqueous phase properties of mayonnaise, notably by reducing water activity by ∼0.1. Finally, pre-enrichment of the NaDES phase with bioactive molecules (e.g. from pigmented RB) represents an innovative perspective to promote the health benefits of formulated foods. • First report applying natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) into lipid-rich food (mayonnaise). • Incorporation of NaDES into mayonnaises affects its physical properties, especially water activity and pH. • Fortification of mayonnaises with NaDES reduced the rate of lipid oxidation while preserving tocopherols. • NaDES could be used to charge bioactive compounds in mayonnaises to enhance its health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of molecular weight of saccharides and heating time on interfacial behavior of protein, glycated rice bran protein aggregates (gRBPAs) were obtained by incubating rice bran protein (RBP) with glucose (Glu), maltose (Mal) and dextran (Dex) via acid-heat treatment (pH 2.0, 90 °C). Subsequently, the stability and in vitro simulated digestion properties of oil in water (O/W) emulsion stabilized by gRBPAs were analyzed. Structural analysis (circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra) proved that the tertiary structure and secondary structure of RBP changed after glycation, and the contents of β-sheet structure of gRBPAs increased significantly. Besides, the glycation improved the interfacial activity and emulsification of protein obviously. Compared with Glu or Mal, the grafting of Dex could produce larger steric hindrance, which better inhibited the aggregation of emulsion droplets. Furthermore, glycation enhanced the pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity of gRBPAs obviously, and the emulsions stabilized by gRBPAs exhibited higher anti-digestion ability (62.12–75.00%) compared with RBP (95.27%). Moreover, the free fatty acid (FFA) rate of O/W emulsion was closely related to the surface hydrophobicity, degree of glycation, PL inhibitory activity and interfacial behavior of gRBPAs. Therefore, these findings would be enlightening to intuitively tailor the physicochemical stability and digestibility of O/W emulsion system according to heating time and molecular weight of saccharides. Meanwhile, this work would facilitate the application of O/W emulsion stabilized by glycated protein aggregates in functional foods. [Display omitted] • O/W emulsions stabilized by glycated rice bran protein aggregates were constructed. • Glycation changed the tertiary structure and secondary structure of protein. • Glycation improved the interfacial activity and emulsification of protein. • Glycation tailored the stability and in vitro digestion properties of emulsions. • Interfacial protein content was negatively correlated with FFA release rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of varying degree of milling (DOM) (0–22%) on the bran layer structure, physicochemical properties, and cooking quality of brown rice were explored. As the DOM increased, bran degree, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, amylose, mineral elements, and color parameters (a* and b* values) of milled rice decreased while starch and L* value increased. Microscopic fluorescence images showed that the pericarp, combined seed coat-nucellus layer, and aleurone layer were removed in rice processed at DOM of 6.6%, 9.2%, and 15.4%, respectively. The pasting properties, thermal properties, and palatability of rice increased as the DOM increased. Principal component and correlation analysis indicated that excessive milling lead to a decline in nutritional value of rice with limited impact on enhancing palatability. Notably, when parts of aleurone cell wall were retained, rice samples exhibited high cooking and sensory properties. It serves as a potential guide to the production of moderately milled rice. [Display omitted] • Observed microscopic changes of outer tissue layers in brown rice milling process. • Studied the distribution of nutrients in each tissue layer of brown rice kernels. • Establish a connection between retention degree of bran layers and rice quality. • Provided a method of moderate milling for brown rice. • Compared different impacts on nutrients and palatability of rice caused by milling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Rice bran dietary fiber led to a significant increase in SCFAs. • Rice bran dietary fiber may modulate gut microbiome, specifically in enriching Bacteroides and inhibiting E_Shigella. • Rice bran dietary fiber could significantly affect the metabolic profile of gut microbiota. • Our work indicates the prebiotic potential of rice bran dietary fiber. Rice bran, a by-product of rice processing, is rich in various nutrients. As one of the main components of rice bran, dietary fiber has a variety of potential health benefits, especially its probiotic effects on gut health. This study involved the preparation and characterization of soluble rice bran dietary fibers (RB-SDF) and insoluble rice bran dietary fibers (RB-IDF), followed by an investigation into their gastrointestinal probiotic impact and principal metabolites. These results showed that rice bran dietary fiber could promote the production of short-chain fatty acids and the growth of probiotics during the fermentation in vitro. Specifically, RB-SDF significantly stimulated the growth of Bacteroides , Parabacteroides , and Acinetobacter , while RB-IDF encouraged the expansion of Tyzzerella , Pseudoflavonifractor , and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_004. Both dietary fibers could reduce the relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella and Fusobacterium. The differential metabolites identified by untargeted metabolomics were l-pyroglutamic acid, d-(+)-tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, sulfolithocholic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, indicating that different carbohydrates could significantly affect the metabolic profile of gut microbiota. Our finding indicated that rice bran dietary fiber can produce beneficial metabolites and modulate microbial ecosystems, which deserve further development for health applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an increasing emphasis on health and environmental consciousness, there is a growing inclination toward plant protein-based meat substitutes as viable alternatives to animal meat. In the pursuit of creating diverse and functional plant protein-based substitutes, innovative plant proteins have been introduced in conjunction with soy protein isolate (SPI), encompassing pea protein isolate (PPI), rice bran protein (RBP), fava bean protein isolate (FPI), and spirulina protein isolate (SPPI). Notably, SPI-WG extrudates and SPI-PPI extrudates exhibited superior fiber structures (fiber degrees were 1.72 and 1.88, respectively), with coarse fibers in SPI-WG extrudates and fine, dense fibers in SPI-PPI extrudates. The addition of RBP, FPI and SPPI had minimal effect on fiber structure. Fresh SPI-FPI displayed the slowest rate of water loss, losing about 7.11% of their total weight in 5 h. Different plant proteins can be selected for the preparation of plant protein-based meat substitutes according to practical needs. • Chemical bonding differences emerge across extrusion phases. • The SPI-WG and SPI-PPI blends demonstrate exceptional fiber degrees. • SPI-FPI, SPI-RBP and SPI-SPPI display distinctive hardness, network structure, significant toughness. • Proteins' structural transitions from α-helix to β-sheet structures occur during processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new types of composite oleogel formulations were designed. Specifically, oleogels were prepared using 90% grapeseed oil as the oil phase and carnauba wax (CW)/beeswax/rice bran wax–bovine bone protein (BBP) as gelators. All samples were solid and had an oil-binding capacity of >90%. BBP addition considerably improved the waxy texture of the oleogel and had an important effect on the crystalline network. X-ray diffractometry indicated that BBP increased the β'-crystal content. All samples showed sol-gel thermodynamic behavior under temperature scanning. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular docking confirmed the formation of noncovalent interactions dominated by van der Waals forces during the development of the oleogel. The optimal components of the three oleogels exhibited an excellent effect of slowing down the release of free fatty acids. This study could serve as a reference for the development and application of wax–protein as a new binary gelator in the food industry. [Display omitted] • New composite oleogels of wax-bovine bone protein-grapeseed oil were designed. • The ratio of binary gelators will affect the solid properties of the oleogels. • Composite oleogels have the potential to replace solid fats. • Composite oleogels can release free fatty acids slowly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both rice bran (RB) rancidity and dephenolization could affect the structural characteristics and phenolics composition of rice bran protein (RBP), thereby affecting RBP digestibility. The synergistic effects of RB rancidity and dephenolization on RBP digestibility were investigated. Excessive RB rancidity (RB stored for 10 d) and non-dephenolization reduced RBP digestibility, while moderate RB rancidity (RB stored for 1 d) combined with dephenolization improved RBP digestibility to a maximum of 74.19%. Dephenolization reduced the antioxidant capacities of RBP digestive products. The digestibility of non-dephenolized RBP (NDRBP) was significantly (P < 0.05) related with its carbonyl content, surface hydrophobicity, and ζ-potential. The digestibility of dephenolized RBP (DRBP) was significantly related with its β-sheet structure content, surface hydrophobicity, ζ-potential, and average particle size. Overall, moderate RB rancidity combined with dephenolization enhanced RBP digestibility by reducing the non-competitive inhibition of endogenous phenolics on protease and regulating the spatial structural characteristics of RBP. [Display omitted] • Moderate RB rancidity combined with dephenolization improved RBP digestibility. • Dephenolization reduced the antioxidant capacity of RBP digestive products. • Dephenolization reduced non-competitive inhibition of phenolics on protease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical treatments (ultrasound, microwave, ultraviolet light, and magnetic fields) on the activities of peroxidases from rice bran and soybean meal to degrade aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk. The effects of physical treatments on peroxidase activities were evaluated. Peroxidases (0.015 U mL−1) were added to milk contaminated with aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 (5 ng mL−1) under refrigeration (4 °C, 24 h), and residual concentrations of mycotoxins were quantified. Physical treatments increased peroxidase activities from rice bran and soybean meal extracts. The most efficient treatment was ultraviolet light (365 nm, 45 min) applied to peroxidases extracted from rice bran; degradation increased by 16.7% and 10.6%, reaching 78.2% and 71.2% aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk, respectively. Therefore, using low-cost peroxidase physically treated by ultraviolet light can be an alternative for the food indstry to mitigate aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk. • Physical treatments may increase peroxidase activities. • Peroxidases from rice bran and soybean meal degrade aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk. • UV light is the most efficient treatment to increase aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 degradation. • 78.2% of aflatoxin B 1 and 71.2% of aflatoxin M 1 has been degraded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor dispersion stability of nutritious rice bran milk limits its production. In this study, the dispersion stability of rice bran milk after heating at 95 °C for 0–5 min was investigated. Visual observation revealed improved dispersion stability and changes in settling behavior with heat durations. After heating for 5 min, the serum turbidity increased from 1.86 to 2.95. The centrifugal sedimentation rate unexpectedly rose from 9.25% to 29.18%, indicating an increase in volumetric particle concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that heating induced starch gelatinization and protein denaturation in rice bran milk, leading to increased volumetric particle concentration. Rice bran protein aggregates after heating were developed and embedded in the gel-like network composed of swollen starch granules. These results suggested that rice bran milk, due to thermal-induced alteration in biomacromolecules, may behave progressively from free settling to hindered settling to compression settling, resulting in improved dispersion stability. [Display omitted] • Improved dispersion stability and changes in settling behavior were observed on rice bran milk heated at 95 °C. • Heat treatment causes starch gelatinization and protein denaturation in rice bran milk. • After heat for 5 min, the starch of rice bran milk forms a gel-like structure. • Changes in settling behavior plays a key role in improved suspension stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rice bran oil, safflower oil and flaxseed oil were obtained by supercritical CO 2 extraction. • The obtained oils were thoroughly characterized for their physico-chemical properties. • Supercritical CO2 extraction at 60 °C and 450 bar favoured the extraction of the highest amount of oils. • Rice bran oil extracted by supercritical CO 2 was found to be superior to oil extracted by solvent extraction. • Kinetic parameters were fitted to get a quantitative description of the supercritical CO2 extraction process. This study reports the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil from rice bran, safflower seeds, and flaxseeds performed at varying conditions of pressure (250–450 bar), temperature (45 and 60 ⁰C) and supercritical carbon dioxide flow rate of 1 kg/min at pilot scale. The oils obtained were evaluated for yield, fatty acid composition and other physico-chemical properties. They were compared with the oil obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and the conventional extraction method with n-hexane. The total mass yields obtained by both the methods were comparable. The highest experimental extraction yields were obtained at 450 bar 60 ⁰C for rice bran oil (16.2 %), safflower oil (27.8 %), and flaxseed oil (30.8 %), at 1 kg /min flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide which was considered optimal at the studied conditions. It was observed that the extracted oils via supercritical carbon dioxide exhibited enormous reduction in phosphorus content of rice bran oil (3.5 ppm), safflower oil (1.2 ppm) and flaxseed oil (2.32 ppm) as compared to conventional extraction. Rice bran oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide retained most of the antioxidant contents, oryzanol as compared to Soxhlet extracted oil and contained significantly lower (1.3 %) amounts of wax. Further, extraction curves were evaluated by a mathematical model where broken and intact cells was applied to consider mass transfer kinetics of extracted oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • IDF extruded at different feed moisture lead different physicochemical properties. • Extruded IDF with the most swelling capacity showed highest fermentability. • Extrusion increased fermentability and boosts all three SCFAs production. • Extrusion created new niches favorable for Bacteroides spp. To investigate the morphological changes of insoluble fiber and their effects on microbiota modulation, particularly Bacteroides , rice bran insoluble fibers were extruded at different feed moisture levels (E20, E40, and E60). The physicochemical properties and SEM revealed that E20 exhibited the highest water holding capacity and displayed the most fragmented edges. E40 had the highest swelling holding capacity and displayed the most lamellar gaps. E60 showed minimal change in physicochemical properties but had a rough surface. After 48h fermentation, E40 showed the highest levels of Bacteroides and SCFAs. E20 and E60 resulted in a modest increase in Bacteroides abundance. SEM showed that bacteria were attached to fragmented edges, loosened lamellar gaps, and rough surfaces of the extruded insoluble fibers. The results suggested that Bacteroides gained a competitive advantage within the extrusion treatment created structural changes. Extrusion treatment can be used to generate specific niches favorable for Bacteroides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the interaction of black rice anthocyanins (BRA), soluble dietary fiber from extruded rice bran (ES) and waxy rice starch (WRS) on the physicochemical properties of starch gels, including gelatinization properties, rheological properties, freeze-thaw stability, water migration, molecular structure and gel microstructure. The results showed that the pasting temperature (PT) of the mixtures was increased, and the peak viscosity (PV), trough viscosity (TV), final viscosity (FV) and setback viscosity (SV) were significantly reduced when ES and BRA were added to WRS in different proportions (ES:BRA, 4:0, 4:0.4, 4:1, 4:2, 8:0, 8:0.8, 8:2, 8:4). Both ES and BRA could enhance the viscosity of WRS gels, and ES exhibited strong ability on improving the strength of gels. The presence of ES and BRA improved the water retaining capacity of WRS gels, but weakened the freeze-thaw stability. ES, BRA and WRS formed non-covalent bonds (hydrogen bonds) through hydrophilic groups during gelatinization, which improved the gel properties. In addition, the steric hindrance formed by ES and BRA inhibited starch retrogradation. These results might contribute to the development of starch-based food formulations with good quality. [Display omitted] • The effects of the ratios of ES/BRA on the properties of waxy rice starch were studied. • ES improved the viscoelasticity of waxy rice starch (WRS). • ES and BRA improved gel structure stability but weaken freeze-thaw stability of WRS gel. • ES, BRA and WRS interact with each other in non-covalent bonds (hydrogen bonds). • This study might be beneficial for application of ES and BRA in waxy rice products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier pulsed discharge plasma treatment on cooking quality and cellulose modification of brown rice. The results showed that 15 min of plasma treatment reduced the cooking time, hardness, and chewiness of brown rice by 27.40%, 30.68%, and 40.23%, respectively, compared to the control. The etching of the brown rice skin and the formation of water channels lead to increased water absorption. This led to a significant increase in palatability of the treated brown rice. In addition, the crystallinity and average particle size (Dhkl) of the treated brown rice were reduced to 10.93% and 42.85% of the initial level, respectively, and the cellulose solubility increased from 8.20% to 55.20%. The surface microstructure was also found to fracture and destroy of the cellulose structure. These findings suggest that plasma made the originally dense fiber structure of brown rice epidermis loose through the etching effect, thus improving the cooking quality of brown rice. The present conclusions offer fundamental insights into the interaction between plasma treatment and brown rice, which should be beneficial for applying plasma in whole-grain processing. [Display omitted] • Plasma treatment significantly changed the bran layer structure of brown rice. • Water molecular channel appeared in the brown rice bran layer after moderate plasma treatment. • The cross-linking structure between parts of cellulose disappeared by plasma etching • Changes in the bran layer structure of brown rice affected the cooking quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although protein-based biomimetic fibers are available, green and inexpensive protein-based fibers remain a challenge to develop. Herein, a microfluidic chip was designed to prepare protein-based fibers using cellulose nanofibers and various plant-derived proteins, including wheat gluten, zein, soy protein, pea protein, and rice bran protein. Furthermore, a comprehensive elucidation of the plant protein fiber formation mechanism was conducted. The results showed that plant protein fibers prepared by microfluidic spinning had smooth surfaces, strong mechanical properties, high thermal stability and antioxidative activity, good digestibility, and low sensitization. Additionally, the strong hydrodynamic shear force produced during microfluidic spinning changed the secondary structure of the protein, which promoted the binding of protein molecules to cellulose nanofibers, thus enhancing the molecular orientation of both protein and nanofiber. Consequently, this study may facilitate the development of natural, environmentally friendly, and functional protein-based fibers. [Display omitted] • Plant protein can be used as raw material to prepare microfluidic spinning biofiber. • The mechanism of plant protein fiber prepared by microfluidic spinning was revealed. • Plant protein fibers showed high mechanical property and thermal stability. • Plant protein fibers indicated higher antioxidant activity and hypoallergenicity. • Plant protein fiber obtained by microfluidic spinning has good application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The black rice bran component (BRBC) is the main difference between black rice and glutinous rice, but its influence on the flavor of rice wines brewed from them is ambiguous. To address this, the flavor profiles and compounds of four rice wines — brewed from glutinous rice (B), glutinous rice with BRBC (added), polished black rice (without BRBC), and whole black rice (HH) — were analyzed using e-nose, GC-MS and GC-IMS. The e-nose revealed significant aroma profile differences between B and HH, with 47 and 49 volatile compounds detected by GC-MS and GC-IMS, respectively. Orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination and fold change analysis highlighted the significant impact of BRBC on the aroma differences between HH and B. Chemometrics and odor activity values identified isoamyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, (E)-2-octenal, phenylethyl acetate, ethyl caproate, 2,4-heptadienal, and 1-octen-3-ol as key contributors to the fresh and fruity aroma in B, while ethyl butanoate, ethyl isoiautyrate, benzene acetaldehyde, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, guaiacol, and heptanal were predominant in HH, contributing to its rich and complex aroma. The e-tongue indicated significant taste distinctions between HH and B, potentially due to the influence of the black rice bran component on the regulation of organic acid and free amino acid content. This study provides new insights into the regulation of rice wine flavor through raw materials. [Display omitted] • Volatiles of black rice wine and glutinous rice wine were decoded by GCMS & GCIMS. • 13 potential key volatiles leading to their aroma variations were identified by OAV. • Their differences in organic acids and free amino acids were analyzed. • Black rice bran was the main contributor to differences in their aroma and taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing techniques have been shown to alter the nutritional composition of rice bran (RB) and wheat bran (WB), influencing their ability to modify microbiota, but a systematic comparison is currently lacking. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of various processing methods, including physical modifications (grinding, extrusion, and steam explosion), enzymolysis (amylase, hemicellulose, and xylanase), and their combinations, on the modification of gut microbiota by RB and WB. Processing methods significantly altered the nutrient components of RB and WB as well as their capacity for gas and SCFAs production during in vitro fermentation. The RB23 (amylase treatment), RB31 (extrusion and hemicellulose treatment), and RB33 (steam explosion and xylanase treatment) samples exhibited the highest production of total SCFAs and butyric acid during in vitro fermentation. Overall, the microbiota responses to brans were conserved within individuals and the processing methods explained 21.6% of the variance. Fermentation of RB23, RB31, and RB33 samples was observed to enhance the richness of gut microbiota, decrease the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and stimulate the growth of Butyricicoccus and Faecallbacterium, while inhibiting the growth of Bilophila , Fusobacterium , and Escherichia-shigella. These findings may provide valuable insights for the processing of RB and WB. [Display omitted] • Various processing methods modified the nutrient composition and the digestive and fermentation characteristics of brans. • Rice bran underwent a combined physical and enzymatic treatment, which promoted the hemostasis of the gut microbiota. • Microbiota responses to different brans were largely conserved within individuals and associated with processing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bran, recognized for its rich lipids and health-beneficial bioactive compounds, holds considerable promise in applications such as rice bran oil production. However, its susceptibility to lipid hydrolysis and oxidation during storage presents a significant challenge. In response, we conducted an in-depth metabolic profiling of rice bran over a storage period of 14 days. We focused on the identification of bioactive compounds and functional lipid species (25 acylglycerols and 53 phospholipids), closely tracking their dynamic changes over time. Our findings revealed significant reductions in these lipid molecular species, highlighting the impact of rancidity processes. Furthermore, we identified 19 characteristic lipid markers and elucidated that phospholipid and glycerolipid metabolism were key metabolic pathways involved. By shedding light on the mechanisms driving lipid degradation in stored rice bran, our study significantly advanced the understanding of lipid stability. These information provided valuable insights for countering rancidity and optimizing rice bran preservation strategies. [Display omitted] • Conducted a comprehensive analysis on rice bran over 14-days of storage period. • Tracked the dynamic changes of functional lipid molecular species in rice bran. • Identified 19 significantly different lipid species over storage time. • Revealed the central lipid metabolic pathways of rice bran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nile tilapia is a widely produced species due to its rusticity and technological culture package. However, there is a knowledge gap in youth production using new technologies. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the production of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus in different culture technologies: autotrophic, synbiotic, and bioflocs, through of water quality parameters, plankton groups, bacterial counts and zootechnical performance. The experiment lasted 40 days, time needed to reach a commercial weight of juveniles, and used tilápia fry weighing 3.60 ± 0.32 g stocking density of 500 fish m−3 and fed with commercial feed (46% crude protein and 9% lipids). Before stocking the fish, the experimental units were prepared for 30 days with inorganic (potassium nitrate and superphosphate - autotrophic - AUT) and organic (sugar - bioflocs - BFT; rice bran fermented with probiotic - synbiotic - SYNB) addition and control group (CTL). Regarding water quality parameters, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were within those recommended for the culture of the species. The nitrogen compounds (TAN and N-NO 2) and water footprint were lower in BFT and SYNB as compared than AUT and CTL. The phytoplankton community had significantly higher Bacillariophyta count in BFT and SYNB as compared than AUT and CLT, however Chlorophyta in AUT and Cyanophyta in BFT, SYNB and CTL, prevailed. Zooplankton showed dominance of Rotifera in all treatments, with higher values in SYNB and BFT (p < 0.05). BFT had the higher standard bacterial count, SYNB had the higher Bacillus sp. count, and AUT and CTL showed the lower microbial counts (p < 0.05). The zootechnical performance: final weight, yield, SGR, FCR, feed efficiency and Fulton condition factor were better (p < 0.05) in the BFT and SYNB treatments as compared than to the AUT and CTL. The FI (feed intake) did not show statistical differences between treatments (p > 0.05). Regarding survival, the lower (p < 0.05) was observed in the control treatment. Therefore, we can conclude that the BFT and SYNB systems are promising for improving the results of nitrogen compounds (TAN and N-NO 2) control, water footprint, plankton community, bacterial and zootechnical production of juvenile Nile tilapia. • The use of water footprint in Synbiotic and Biofloc was three times lower than Autotrophic. • Tilapia juvenile's growth better in the treatments using heterotrophic technology. • Synbiotic and Biofloc provides a good nitrogen compounds control in intensive tilapia juvenile farming. • The Synbiotic contributes to better animal health and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]