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Changes in protein concentration (PC), pH, and ionic strength (IS) influenced the physicochemical, structural, and rheological properties of emulsions made with natural emulsifiers. This study used rice bran protein concentrates (RBPC) to create RBPC-stabilized emulsions (RBP-E) and examined their emulsifying function by changing protein concentration, ionic strength, and pH. The results showed that increasing the PC resulted in a decrease in particle size, which caused the creaming rate and viscosity of RBP-E to increase, leading to the depletion flocculation phenomenon. Incorporating PC into the emulsion system improved adsorbed protein performance in particular pH, which positively correlates to the reduction of emulsion capacity in 3 % PC at neutral conditions. The introduction of IS decreased viscosity, enhanced solubility, and increased protein adsorption, thereby improving emulsion stability within a3% protein concentration. FrIR analysis revealed that as the pH shifted from 3 to 7, the ct-helical structures increased, while p-sheet and p-turn structures reduced compared to untreated protein, decreasing surface hydrophobicity. Incorporating 1 % PC improved RBP-E performance at pH 7 and 0.5 M, while 2 % PC optimized emulsion capacity at 0.25 M and pH 3. Increasing PC from 1 % to 2 % improved emulsion stability and capacity by 35.4 and 34.4 %, respectively, at 0 M, particularly at pH 5. Therefore, the study concludes that IS, pH, and PC affect the adsorption of plant-derived protein at the O/W interface and enhance the emulsification capabilities of RBPC and the stability of RBPstabilized emulsions. RPB-E can potentially be used in cake batter, ice cream mix, and margarine premix, a sustainable substitute for animal-based proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa) stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally, amidst thousands of rice cultivars. Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits. This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions, volatile compounds, and health benefits of glutinous rice. Further, in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products. Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits, including antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-diabetic potential, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Besides its nutritional compositions, the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption. Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium beijerinckii G117 produces hydrogen (∼4400 mL/L) from 15 g/L of native crude glycerol (CG). While increasing the native-CG to 20–80 g/L, strain G117 rejects 34–90% of CG and fails to support a relative enhancement in hydrogen production. Subsequently, to enhance the native-CG assimilation, and hydrogen production from strain G117, various agro-residual hydrolysates (ARH), and several metal-ions have individually tested as media-supplements. Among tested, rice bran hydrolysate (RBH) and ferrous chloride (Fe2+) are selected as media-supplements. By employing RSM-based central composite design, the medium composed of 37.63 g/L CG, 3.65 g/L RBH and 1.11 mM Fe2+ is optimized which results a favorable initial redox potential (−191.0 ± 1.5 mV), higher cellular growth (6.73 ± 0.12 OD 600), and 17350 ± 170 mL/L of hydrogen production from strain G117. The analysis of total-mass and electron balances suggest that this bioprocess is remarkably efficient (82–99%), and records the highest yield of hydrogen (2.27 ± 0.02 mol/mol glycerol) ever reported in literature. [Display omitted] • Clostridium beijerinckii G117 produces hydrogen from <15 g/L of crude glycerol (CG). • While raising CG to 20–80 g/L in the media, strain G117 rejects 34–90% of CG supplied. • Adding agro-residual hydrolysates/metal-ions alter CG-utilization and hydrogen yield. • Media of CG with rice bran hydrolysate as co-substrate and Fe2+ is optimized (OpM). • OpM supports G117 to produce 17350 mL/L hydrogen with yield of 2.27 mol H2 /mol Glycerol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bran (RB) oil extraction was performed by applying renewable solvents like ethanol and ethyl acetate. To assess the interaction of these solvents with the oil, the UNIFAC model was chosen to determine the infinite dilution activity coefficient. Soxhlet extraction was utilized to determine the maximum possible yield. The adequacy of the experimental data to mass transfer kinetic and thermodynamic models was investigated with response surface methodology. By the theoretical adjustment, statistical parameters (R ² adj of 0.9398 for ethanol and 0.8525 for ethyl acetate) showed that the temperature and solvent/RB ratio have a notable influence on oil extraction. The experimental data agreed with the kinetic model based on solid-liquid mass transfer. The thermodynamic study showed that both solvents have endothermic, spontaneous, and irreversible processes. Interestingly, ethyl acetate had higher extraction yields at the beginning and reached its highest yield in a shorter time interval due to better compatibility with oily compounds present in rice bran and its lower viscosity. [Display omitted] • Rice bran oil extraction was conducted using ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. • RSM was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and solvent/rice bran ratio. • Ethyl acetate was found to have a lower ln(IDAC) compared to ethanol. • The mass transfer kinetic model accurately predicted the experimental data. • The extraction yield was higher when using ethyl acetate as the solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, we investigated the structural properties, digestibility, and variations in antioxidant activity of rice bran-tissue peanut protein (RB-TPP), which was created through high-moisture extrusion between peanut protein powder (PPP) and various additions (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %) of rice bran (RB). The disulfide bonding and hydrophobic interactions were strengthened, and the hydrogen bonding in the RB-TPP was weakened by adding 5–10 % RB. Additionally, the β-sheet content reached its maximum at RB-10 %, which allowed the hydrophobic groups to be encapsulated ina stable protein network fiber structure, enhancing degree of organization, the thermal stability and digestibility of RB-TPP. On the other hand, RB-10 % showed increased total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, in which the ABTS radical scavenging rate was increased by 22.14 % compared with that of RB-0 %, while the DPPH radical scavenging rate in simulated gastric digestion was increased by 10.59 %. RB addition at 15–20 % hindered the aggregation of proteins, which was not conducive to the rearrangement of protein molecules, and the increase in the irregular curls made the RB-TPP structure loose and disordered. This study provides valuable information for producing tissue proteins with stable fiber network structure and better nutritional and functional properties by adding RB. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of microwave plasma treatment on rice bran protein (RBP), various power levels (150, 160, 170, 180, and 190 W) and processing times (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 min) were examined for their impact on the conformation, physicochemical properties, and functional properties. The results showed that high-energy active particles generated by microwave plasma could oxidize modify the spatial structure of RBP, thus affecting its functional characteristics. The primary structure of RBP, as revealed by SDS-PAGE, remained unchanged. While the content of β -sheet structures initially decreased and then increased, the random coil content first increased and then decreased, the spatial structure first unfolded and then folded again. The intrinsic fluorescence spectrum showed that hydrophobic amino acids buried within the protein's interior were initially exposed but later reburied. The disulfide bond was first broken to sulfhydryl group and then reformed due to excessive oxidation, which promoted the intermolecular aggregation of RBP. Compared with its natural counterpart, the average particle size decreased from 519.6 nm to 186.7 nm at a power of 160 W and a treatment time of 5 min. Consequently, the emulsification activity index and the stability index increased by factors of 2.18 and 1.40, respectively. The foaming capacity index and foam stability index reached maximum values of 73.07% and 43.34%, respectively. These results provide theoretical evidence for the application of microwave plasma technology to modify plant proteins. [Display omitted] • Microwave plasma could be used to oxidize RBP. • The microwave plasma process could break the disulfide bond and unfold the structure of RBP. • The microwave plasma process could inhibit the aggregation of RBP, improve the dispersion, and increase the surface charge. • The emulsification and foaming properties of RBP were improved by the microwave plasma process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Extended construction of an aerogel with high interfacial evaporation properties from irregular non-woody biomass. • Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a construction stabilizer. • A double mountain-shaped evaporator equipped with waste biomass-derived aerogel for sustainable operation. The construction of evaporators utilizing non-woody biomass resources represents a promising technological advancement for solar-powered interfacial evaporation. However, the dependence of non-woody biomass evaporators on the substrate macrostructure and the susceptibility to collapse and shrinkage during the carbonization process have hindered the application of solar evaporators, which remains a crucial challenge in the field. Herein, a scalable preparation multi-source biomass-derived aerogel evaporator independent of macroscopic substrate structure is designed and developed for sustainable high-salinity wastewater desalination. Biomass with different structures, such as rice bran, rice husk, enteromorpha, pine sawdust, bamboo sawdust, and corn straw, are selected to obtain biomass-derived aerogels, respectively. Notably, the macroscopic volume/ surface and yield of the biomass-derived aerogel are significantly enhanced through a charcoal sequestration process facilitated by the incorporation of ammonium polyphosphate (APP). As a result, the yield, photothermal conversion, and water evaporation properties of aerogels prepared from biomass with loose tubular (pine sawdust, bamboo sawdust, and corn straw) structure cellulose are better than that with spherical and sheet shape structures, up to 3.84 kg m-2h−1. More importantly, the dense phosphorus and nitrogen-rich carbon overlayer (P-N-rich C) formed in situ over cellulose aerogels exhibit extraordinary shape maintenance and photothermal conversion performance. The designed double mountain-shaped structural evaporator operated in 20 % brine for 81 h allows for sustainable evaporation and salt recovery in the non-evaporated region. This work offers a sustainable option for freshwater production and guides biomass-derived aerogels' design and scalable preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Degumming is essential to eliminate undesired phospholipids from crude vegetable oils before being processed into high-quality products. The degumming efficiency is hampered by the separation of oil and water. To overcome this problem, we introduced an innovative enzymatic degumming strategy for various vegetable oils (rice bran, peanut and flaxseed oil) by combining phospholipase A1 with monoacylglycerol lipase. Compared to using phospholipase A1, the combination of the two enzymes significantly reduced phosphorus content, indicating better hydrolysis of phospholipids. Additionally, the primary hydrolysates by the combined enzymes were glycerylphosphorylcholine and glycerylphosphorylethanolamine that were more affinitive to water to improve oil-water separation and oil yield. Characteristic markers obtained from Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis model confirmed the advantages of combined enzymes over single enzyme. This advantage of combined enzymes was further validated in a simulated degumming process. Our findings provide a new enzymatic degumming strategy to expand the toolkit for crude oil refinery. [Display omitted] • A novel enzymatic degumming strategy to improve oil-water separation. • Glycerophosphoesters were primary hydrolysates of PLA1-GMGL degumming. • Glycerophosphoesters were more affinitive to water to improve oil yield. • PLA1-GMGL degumming had lower phosphorus content and reduced degumming time. • PLA1-GMGL-degumming was effectively applied to different crude vegetable oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This work investigates polystyrene degradation by mealworms co-fed on rice bran. • Rice bran co-diet increases polystyrene consumption and lipid stores of T. molitor. • Frass bio-oils produce lethal effects on insects of economic and medical concern. • Low toxicity of frass bio-oils to aquatic non-target species Artemia salina. Tenebrio molitor has gained attention as a potential solution for plastic pollution. This study explored the biodegradation of polystyrene (PS) by mealworms co-fed with rice bran (RB) under an optimized rearing scheme. The RB co-diet significantly increased PS consumption by two-fold compared to wheat bran (WB). Additionally, RB supported mealworm growth with favorable survival and feed conversion rates. Protein content of mealworms remained unchanged with PS plus RB, while significantly increased lipid stores and improved the fatty acid profile. Frass from PS (1) and biomass (2) intake was subjected to pyrolysis. Bio-oils from frass 2 exhibited insecticidal activity against Plodia interpunctella adults and Culex pipiens pipiens larvae. Finally, bio-oils demonstrated low toxicity to the aquatic non-target species Artemia salina , with up to three-fold selectivity towards Cx. p. pipiens. These findings highlight RB's role in PS management and the potential application of bio-oil as bioinsecticide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing low-moisture extruded plant-based meat or Texturized Vegetable Protein (TVP) from alternative sources is crucial to address the concerns associated with soy-based TVP. This study explored the potential of rice bran (RB) and mung bean (MB) as sustainable and nutritious alternatives to soy in TVP production. The samples were formulated to produce TVP with 55 % protein based on the materials: soy (S-TVP) as the control, soy and rice bran (SR-TVP), mung bean and rice bran (MR-TVP), and mung bean (M-TVP). All the samples were subjected to low-moisture extrusion with 30 % feed moisture, 280 rpm screw speed, and 125 °C maximum barrel temperature. The physical properties (expansion ratio, bulk density, textural integrity, textural properties, surface appearance, microstructure), proximate analysis and functional properties (rehydration ratio; water holding capacity, and oil holding capacity) were assessed and statistically analyzed to evaluate the significance of RB and MB as alternative ingredients in TVP products. Results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) between the physical, proximate, and functional properties of the TVP samples, with rice bran and mung bean-based TVP exhibiting superior nutritional and functional properties to soy-based TVP. Findings suggested that rice bran and mung bean-based TVP were viable, sustainable options for diversifying plant-based protein sources. [Display omitted] • Rice bran and mung bean are promising alternatives to soy-TVP, with improved physical and functional properties. • A spider web-like protein matrix was observed in soy-based and mung bean-based TVP, indicating a robust protein network formed during extrusion. • Mung bean-based TVP is a promising and sustainable plant-based protein source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the rice bran protein aggregates (RBPAs), glycated rice bran protein aggregates (gRBPAs) and resultant emulsions on the gelatinization and retrogradation characteristics of rice starch (RS) were investigated. The gelatinization and retrogradation properties of RS were determined by rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic rheology, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of the protein aggregates and the emulsions reduced the swelling of starch during the gelatinization process and the enthalpy change (ΔH) of RS. Meanwhile, during the long-term storage (4 °C for 21 d), the existence of the protein aggregates and the emulsions decreased the storage modulus (G′) and hardness of RS gel, thereby decelerating the retrogradation of RS. Besides, XRD analysis proved that when heated for 2 h, the relative crystallinity of the RS-gRBPAs mixture decreased by 6.08%, and the relative crystallinity of the corresponding RS-emulsions mixture reduced by 6.85%, which indicated the grafting of Dex could impede the retrogradation of RS. The inhibitory effect of adding the emulsions was more pronounced than that of adding corresponding protein aggregates. Furthermore, SEM analysis confirmed that the gel network structures of mixture were more uniform and compact compared with RS, which resulted from the protein aggregates and the emulsions inhibiting the internal combination through hydrogen bonds between starch molecules. Overall, these findings suggested that the protein aggregates and the emulsions prevented the retrogradation of RS, and could be potently used as a natural substitutes to enhance the quality and nutrition of starch-based foods. [Display omitted] • The protein aggregates and emulsions inhibited the gelatinization of rice starch (RS). • The glycated protein aggregates and emulsions retarded the retrogradation of RS. • The grafting of dextran (Dex) delayed the retrogradation of RS through hydrogen bonds. • The hardness of RS gel was reduced by adding the protein aggregates and the emulsions. • The anti-retrogradation effect of emulsions was more obvious than protein aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst advancements underway in exploiting lignocellulosic biomass efficiently, there is a noticeable dearth of scientific data concerning the utilization of de-oiled rice bran (DRB), an agro-industrial residue of the rice bran oil processing industry for the production of commercially valuable chemicals. The biochemical analysis of DRB biomass revealed that its holocellulosic content was 39.09 % w/w. A combined pretreatment and saccharification strategy was employed with mono and co-culture of two fungal species namely white rot fungi and Aspergillus niger sequentially followed by mild acid treatment (1 % (v/v) H 2 SO 4) to extract maximum sugar from DRB biomass. This comprehensive treatment resulted in a total sugar yield of 518.3 mg/g of DRB and the maximum delignification and saccharification achieved were 75.4 % (w/w) and 78.5 % (w/w) respectively. At 96 h of batch fermentation, Pichia fermentans NCIM 3638 with detoxified DRB hydrolysate achieved a maximum xylitol yield and concentration of 0.48 g/g of xylose and 23.56 g/L and was confirmed through HPLC analysis. The produced xylitol was crystallized with maximum yield of 73.22 %. Further, an unstructured kinetic model was employed to study the feasibility of xylitol production. This work validates that DRB biomass possesses significant promise as a highly efficient feedstock for the bioproduction of xylitol. [Display omitted] • De-oiled rice bran (DRB) possess holocellulose content of 39.09 % (w/w). • Fungal co-culture and mild acid treatment resulted in sugar yield of 518.3 mg/g DRB. • Xylitol yield of 0.48 g/g xylose was obtained using DRB hydrolysate. • Euler's based model well predicted the xylitol yield (16.02 g/L) by P. fermentans. • The model is useful in analysing the fermentation effectiveness from DRB hydrolysates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has focused extensively on extracting polysaccharides from plant sources due to their potential applications across various fields. Several underutilized agricultural by-products from oil industries, such as rice bran oil seed cake, have emerged as promising sources of polysaccharides that can be utilized for applications in agriculture, food production, and pharmaceuticals. The present study explored the biopolymers' vital functional and antimicrobial properties derived from rice bran oil seed cake. The pH of the solution during the extraction process was optimized to assess its impact on the yield of aqueous extract. Notably, the maximum yield was achieved at pH 6.5 (86.39 ± 0.23%). The nanoscale particle size (265.1 ± 5.06 nm), polydispersity index (0.384), and zeta potential (−45.9 ± 0.25 mV) confirmed the stability of the extract. Moreover, the spray-dried extract biopolymer powder exhibited excellent industrially relevant techno-functional properties, including water-holding capacity (7.08 ± 0.4 g/g), oil-holding capacity (4.32 ± 0.6 g/g), emulsifying capacity (93.50 ± 0.77%), emulsifying stability (95.65 ± 0.36%), solubility (90.32 ± 1.67%), and foaming capacity (14.12 ± 0.31%). Using the powder, a nanoemulsion was prepared to coat strawberry fruits, revealing the shelf-life extension capacity of the nanoemulsion against bacteria, yeast, and mold. Based on these findings, the spray-dried biopolymer powder of rice bran oil seed cake extract could potentially be utilized as a functional ingredient in various food product formulations. [Display omitted] • Maximum yield of rice bran oilcake extract (RBOC) was 86.39 ± 0.23% (pH 6.5). • The aqueous extract had excellent techno-functional properties. • Nanoemulsion of RBOC protected strawberries from bacterial and fungal spoilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black rice bran is a good source of dietary fiber, which has many health benefits. Physicochemical properties of dietary fiber vary widely depending on their source and processing, which are crucial determinants of their functional characteristics and potential therapeutic opportunities. In this study, black rice bran was processed by steam explosion (SE), extrusion, and high-pressure steaming to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of dietary fiber from black rice bran. The results indicated that all three processing treatments could facilitate the conversion of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to soluble dietary fiber (SDF), significantly reduce the molecular weight of SDF, and change the monosaccharide composition of SDF, with the lowest molecular weight observed for the SDF of extruded black rice bran. Structural analyses indicated that processing led to dietary fiber samples with a looser and more porous structure. The IDF from processed black rice bran exhibited better water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, water swelling capacity, sodium cholate adsorption capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity, and glucose adsorption capacity, among which IDF from black rice bran treated by extrusion and SE showed better physicochemical and functional properties. In conclusion, SE and extrusion treatment might be effective methods for dietary fiber modification in black rice bran. This study provided a theoretical basis for the deep processing and utilization of black rice bran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing cost-effective and environmentally sustainable active packaging materials remains an important challenge. We have developed rice bran protein (RBP)-based fibers incorporating carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ZrO 2 nanoparticles (ZrO 2 NPs, 0 %–7 %, m/m) using microfluidic spinning. The integration of RBP, CMC, and ZrO 2 NPs formed a robust hydrogen bond network that enhanced the fibers' thermal stability and crystallinity, reduced surface hydrophobicity, and aligned the molecular orientation. Under the catalysis of visible light (300 W, 12 h), ZrO 2 NPs in the fiber produced reactive oxygen species, which inhibited the oxidative stress resistance system of Bacillus subtilis and destroyed its biofilm and DNA, thus showing excellent antibacterial effect. Additionally, during storage, this fiber also showed the ability to scavenge ethylene, thereby reducing the rate of loss of luminance, hardness and weight of strawberries. This study offers a new idea for RBP fiber in food preservation, antibacterial, and value-added utilization of rice bran by-products. [Display omitted] • Photocatalytic RBP/CMC/ZrO 2 fiber was prepared by microfluidic spinning. • Formation mechanism of RBP/CMC/ZrO 2 fiber was revealed. • RBP/CMC/ZrO 2 fiber had antibacterial activity and ethylene removal function. • RBP/CMC/ZrO 2 fiber improved the shelf life of strawberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food crop with a rich history and significant contributions to global nutrition. This study examines the production of rice and rice bran, focusing on their nutritional profiles, bioactive compounds, and the lack of proper guidelines for aflatoxins and arsenic in rice products. Rice bran's potential as a dietary supplement, particularly in addressing nutrient deficiencies and diseases, is highlighted. Arsenic contamination, a critical food safety issue, is discussed, as their accumulation poses significant risks, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and developmental problems. This overview addresses aflatoxin and arsenic contamination, threatening rice's safety and by-products. The structure and characteristics of rice bran, including types of grain polishing, stabilization processes, and toxic elements, are also analyzed. Factors affecting the bioavailability of nutrients, such as pesticide residues and storage conditions, are considered. The review emphasizes the antioxidant properties of rice milling by-products, particularly pigmented rice varieties rich in bioactive compounds. It offers health benefits such as cancer prevention, anti-diarrheal effects, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive analysis underscores rice bran's nutritional and therapeutic value, advocating for its broader utilization to enhance global health and combat nutrient deficiencies. [Display omitted] • Rice bran's rich bioactive compounds offer significant health benefits. • Effective aflatoxin and arsenic mitigation can improve rice safety. • Rice bran is beneficial for managing cancer, diabetes, and digestive health. • Advances in stabilization and extraction methods enhance rice bran utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The culture of Penaeus vannamei in inland regions using low salinity water is a reality in several regions of the world. The dissemination of culture techniques that allow high stocking density and reduced water use can be used to optimize the production process, but they require comparative studies to better understand the functioning of these systems in those salinity conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of different culture systems, which were recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), biofloc technology (BFT), and synbiotic system (Synbiotic) on the water quality, plankton composition, and growth of P. vannamei in low salinity (2 g L−1) and high stocking density (500 shrimp m−3) for 30 days. The shrimp were stocked at a mean weight of 1.27 ± 0.06 g. In the BFT, dextrose was used as the organic carbon source and administered at a carbon: nitrogen ratio of 15:1. In the Synbiotic, rice bran processed by probiotic microorganisms was used as an organic fertilization strategy. In the RAS treatment, all nitrogen species remained stable throughout the trial, without spikes, and with ammonia and nitrate concentrations lower than in BFT and Synbiotic. The BFT treatment had more events when total ammonia nitrogen exceeded 1 mg L−1, requiring water changes. The Synbiotic treatment had better control of nitrogenous compounds, and a more accentuated accumulation of nitrate compared to BFT, suggesting more effective nitrification. The BFT treatment had more microalgae than Synbiotic and RAS. However, the abundance of zooplankton was higher than that of phytoplankton in BFT and Synbiotic, indicating a dominance by heterotrophic organisms. The Synbiotic treatment had a higher abundance of ciliates and amoeba than the other treatments. Furthermore, the Synbiotic treatment provided higher survival, yield, and lower FCR than BFT and RAS. Our findings indicate that the Synbiotic system can be considered as an alternative for the P. vannamei super-intensive culture in low salinity water, as it presented better control of nitrogenous compounds compared to BFT, higher abundance of ciliates and amoeba, and provided better production rates to the culture. • The Synbiotic system provided better control of nitrogenous compounds than BFT. • The Synbiotic system promoted the growth of more microorganisms than RAS and BFT. • The Synbiotic system improved shrimp survival and yield and reduced FCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While microbiota need to consume organic carbon to maintain water quality, commercial aquaculture feed produces a post-feeding waste with a carbon to nitrogen ratio that is too low to allow the bacteria to mineralize all the waste. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing starch-rich ingredients used in a Control-diet with non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) rich ingredients resulting in a High-NSP-diet on the water quality and nutrient budgets in biofloc tanks with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The main NSP-rich ingredients in the High-NSP-diet were palm kernel meal, rice bran and corn gluten feed. Both diets were isonitrogenous, but the High-NSP-diet contained 3 times more fiber than the Control-diet. After 8 weeks of cultivation, the individual fish growth and feed conversion ratio was similar between two dietary treatments, but due to a lower survival in tanks fed the High-NSP-diet the total biomass gain was slightly better in the Control-diet tanks. The contribution of biofloc to fish growth with the High-NSP-diet was 17 %, compared to 14 % when feeding the Control-diet. The water quality was similar between both dietary treatments, with less accumulation of nutrients in the water column in the High-NSP-diet tanks. This was shown by a 4 % lower retention efficiency of carbon (C), 12 % of nitrogen (N) and 7 % of phosphorus (P) in the water column in High-NSP-diet fed tanks than in the Control-diet tanks. The High-NSP-diet did not affect the C, N, and P concentration of the biofloc, with a relatively stable concentration of C and N among weeks and a steady increase in P concentration until week six (W6). The biofloc concentration increased until W6 and decreased in week eight. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between the concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), total organic matter (TOM) and NO 3 , and between TSS and Chl-a. Subsequent regression analysis showed that the TSS concentration can be best predicted based on the TOM concentrations in tanks fed the Control-diet and based on the NO 3 concentration in tanks fed the High-NSP-diet. This approach will help modellers or farmers to predict the amount of TSS based on a limited number of other water quality parameters. Economic analysis showed that in spite of a lower production at system level when feeding the High-NSP-diet, due to the lower cost of this diet, the effect on income is negligible, with a higher 0.03 USD profit per kg fish produced compared to the Control-diet. • Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)-rich plant-based ingredients reduce nutrient waste. • An NSP-rich diet encourages biofloc growth and stimulates natural food availability. • Carbon and nitrogen content remain stable while phosphorus accumulated in biofoc. • Biofloc biomass can be predicted based on organic matter and NO 3 content in water. • NSP-rich diets reduce feed cost by 0.23 USD/kg without sacrificing fish productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • HPP is effective as preservative treatment at hydration levels higher than 15% • Hydration level and HPP enhance techno-functional characteristics of rice bran. • Hydration of 30% enhances the impact of HPP on rice bran structure. • HPP reduces peroxide values at low hydration and increases them at high hydration. • HPP achieves stable emulsions across all hydration conditions. High-pressure processing (HPP) enhances food safety and shelf life by inactivating microorganisms and preserving food quality, yet its effectiveness in low-humidity environments has not been evaluated. This study investigated the effects of HPP at 500 MPa for 15 min across varying hydration levels (15, 30, 60, 77 %) on rice bran (RB), aiming to identify microbial effectiveness, besides techno-functional and physicochemical properties. HPP effectively reduced mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeast of RB at > 15 % hydration level, achieving reductions of up to 4 logarithmic cycles in the latter, nearing the detection limit of the method. However, it did not significantly impact spore inactivation. HPP treatment of ≥ 30 % hydrated RB induced particles aggregation and a honeycomb formation. The interaction between hydration and HPP treatment significantly affected the distribution of total dietary fibers, with an increase in soluble dietary fiber from 8.73 g/100 g to 11.03 g/100 g after HPP treatment at 15 % hydration level. Protein solubility was enhanced by hydration (15, 30 and 60 %), and peroxide values decreased after HPP treatment at low hydration (≤30 %) but increased when applied to high hydrated (>30 %) RB. Emulsifying activity decreased upon HPP treatment of highly hydrated RB (≥60 %), but more stable emulsions were achieved after HPP, regardless of the hydration level. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of HPP as a sustainable approach to enhance the utilization of rice bran in food applications, addressing existing knowledge gaps regarding its processing under different moisture conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Purple red rice bran anthocyanins reduced the hardness and chewiness of food masses. • The changes in the viscosity and rheological properties of the food masses were closely related to their microstructure. • The food masses with 2% anthocyanins appeared to be more suitable for ingestion by dysphagia populations. The decline in physiological functions caused by aging increases the prevalence of dysphagia. Anthocyanins play a dual role in enhancing the nutrition of the food and influencing its swallowing properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of anthocyanins from purple red rice bran on the viscosity, rheological and textural properties, and IDDSI classification of rice starch-based dysphagia food masses. The results showed that anthocyanins increased the peak viscosity (PV) and contributed to amylose leaching from the food masses. In contrast, the addition of 1% and 2% anthocyanins inhibited the retrogradation and recrystallization of starch, which resulted in a reduction in the final viscosity (FV) of the food masses. The presence of anthocyanins (0.5%) also could increase the storage/loss modulus of the food masses, while the addition of 1.0% and 2.0% anthocyanins showed the opposite trend. In addition, purple red rice bran anthocyanins reduced textural parameters such as hardness and chewiness of the food masses. All four prepared food masses were classified as level 4 (Pureed) in the IDDSI framework, and the food masses with 2% anthocyanins appeared to be more suitable for ingestion by dysphagia populations, with lower viscosity and less sticky retention on the spoon. These results offer a theoretical foundation for designing innovative and functional dysphagia foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the primary constraints on the utilization of lignocellulosic resources is the cost of cellulase. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to prepare cellulase from low-cost cellulose substrates and to utilize lignocellulose through enzymatic means. Defatted rice bran, a byproduct of rice processing, is a plentiful and cost-effective raw material that can be employed as a substrate for the production of cellulase through solid-state fermentation (SSF). To enhance the efficacy of cellulase, the impact of fermentation mode on cellulase production by Aspergillus niger DM（ A. niger DM） utilizing defatted rice bran was examined. The findings revealed that the cellulase activity generated through SSF was markedly superior to that of SmF. The results showed that cellulase was produced by SSF at 36℃ with 75 % defatted rice bran pretreated with NaOH as substrate. On day 4, the filter paper enzyme activity (FPase), carboxymethyl cellulase activity (CMCase) and β -glucosidase activity were 27.23 ± 2.76U/g, 146.44 ± 1.22U/g and 97.51 ± 4.53U/g, respectively. Additionally, the enzymatic properties of this cellulase were characterized by an optimal pH and temperature of 6.0 and 50℃, respectively, and good stability. The hydrolysis of a variety of cellulosic biomass using the crude enzyme solution yielded a reducing sugar concentration of up to 30 g/L–47 g/L after 72 hours. After comparing with commercial cellulases, it was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of A. niger DM cellulase in this study was comparable to commercial cellulases, and could replace commercial cellulases. • The activity of cellulase produced by SSF was significantly higher than that by Smf. • The crude enzyme produced has high enzyme activity and good stability. • The cellulose crude enzyme produced has a better enzymatic hydrolysis effect on defatted rice bran. • Defatted rice bran could be an ideal raw material for cellulase production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the plankton community, growth and economic variables of Penaeus vannamei culture in a synbiotic system. Two treatments were used: partial feed restriction (FR) and control without restriction (WR). The study was conducted in triplicate using a completely randomized design. The juveniles (1.67 g ± 0.15) were transferred to six lined ponds of 600 m2 (12 shrimp m−2 density, 20 ppt salinity) for 60 days and fed with commercial feed (35% CP). The ponds received organic (synbiotic — rice bran) and inorganic (urea) fertilization. Shrimp zootechnical performance indicated significant difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR), with values of 0.30 and 0.59 in FR and WR, respectively, which shows a reduction of 49.3%. Plankton showed no significant difference, with dominance of Chlorophyta and Protozoan. In the economic analysis, there was only different amount of feed between the treatments, it implied significant differences reducing the effective operating costs by 21.8% and total operating costs by 20.2% in the FR treatment. In addition, FR break-even point was also reduced by 18.8%, however both treatments had equally positive profitability indicators. Therefore, the feed restriction for P. vannamei in synbiotic system at low stocking density is possible, seeing that the shrimp presented total compensatory growth, reducing FCR without altering the other zootechnical performance parameters. It contributed to costs reduction, although it is important to highlight that offering feed in full cycle with low FCR can promote greater returns to the producer (∼ 40%). Hence, feed restriction is recommended, especially in shrimp farms with low working capital. • In the synbiotic system, restricted shrimp had full weight compensation after refeeding. • Feed restriction reduced FCR to ∼50%, operational costs and break-even point. • Without feed restriction (obtaining low FCR ∼ 0.6), increases 40% of the economic return. • Feed restriction is recommended mainly for producers with low working capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the emulsion rheological properties and the structural characteristics of interface-adsorbed protein (IAP) and interface-unabsorbed protein (IUP) of rice bran protein and epigallocatechin-3-gallate complex (RBP-EGCG) were studied. Compared to RBP-EGCG without ultrasonic pretreatment, appropriate ultrasonic pretreatment (ultrasonic power was 425 W) enhanced the IAP trypsin sensitivity (from 3.20 to 3.73), increased the IUP surface hydrophobicity (from 12.59 to 20.87), and decreased the ζ-potential (from −24.93 mV to −36.88 mV) and particle size (from 567.30 nm to 273.13 nm) of IUP, thereby increasing the viscosity and viscoelasticity of emulsion. Compared to appropriate ultrasonic pretreatment, high-power ultrasonic pretreatment (ultrasonic power was 500 W) attenuated the IAP trypsin sensitivity, and increased the ζ-potential and particle size of IUP, thereby decreasing the viscosity and viscoelasticity of emulsion. Overall, ultrasonic pretreatment changed the EGCG-RBP emulsion viscoelasticity by regulating spatial structural characteristics and flexibility of interface protein. [Display omitted] • Ultrasonic pretreatment changes the emulsion rheological properties of RBP-EGCG. • Ultrasonic pretreatment changes the structure of emulsion interface protein. • The structure of interface proteins determines the emulsion rheological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the novel use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) in real food by incorporating them into mayonnaise, either alone or with pigmented rice bran (RB). Results showed that NaDES-fortified mayonnaises could prevent lipid oxidation. Notably, mayonnaises with NaDES2 (betaine:sucrose:water) significantly reduced the production of lipid hydroperoxides, which was maintained to an average of 2.6 mmol LOOH/kg oil, which is 2.9 times lower than the control (7.5 mmol LOOH/kg oil), or 7.4 times lower than mayonnaise with citric acid (19.1 mmol LOOH/kg oil). NaDES2-fortified mayonnaises maintained high tocopherols levels (0.97 g/Kg oil) and reduced volatile compounds from secondary lipid oxidation. This effect may result from NaDES altering the aqueous phase properties of mayonnaise, notably by reducing water activity by ∼0.1. Finally, pre-enrichment of the NaDES phase with bioactive molecules (e.g. from pigmented RB) represents an innovative perspective to promote the health benefits of formulated foods. • First report applying natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) into lipid-rich food (mayonnaise). • Incorporation of NaDES into mayonnaises affects its physical properties, especially water activity and pH. • Fortification of mayonnaises with NaDES reduced the rate of lipid oxidation while preserving tocopherols. • NaDES could be used to charge bioactive compounds in mayonnaises to enhance its health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of varying degree of milling (DOM) (0–22%) on the bran layer structure, physicochemical properties, and cooking quality of brown rice were explored. As the DOM increased, bran degree, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, amylose, mineral elements, and color parameters (a* and b* values) of milled rice decreased while starch and L* value increased. Microscopic fluorescence images showed that the pericarp, combined seed coat-nucellus layer, and aleurone layer were removed in rice processed at DOM of 6.6%, 9.2%, and 15.4%, respectively. The pasting properties, thermal properties, and palatability of rice increased as the DOM increased. Principal component and correlation analysis indicated that excessive milling lead to a decline in nutritional value of rice with limited impact on enhancing palatability. Notably, when parts of aleurone cell wall were retained, rice samples exhibited high cooking and sensory properties. It serves as a potential guide to the production of moderately milled rice. [Display omitted] • Observed microscopic changes of outer tissue layers in brown rice milling process. • Studied the distribution of nutrients in each tissue layer of brown rice kernels. • Establish a connection between retention degree of bran layers and rice quality. • Provided a method of moderate milling for brown rice. • Compared different impacts on nutrients and palatability of rice caused by milling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement of growth performance and disease resistance of cultured species is an important objective of the aquaculture industry. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied for increasing the nutritional value of rice bran with baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Four diets containing different levels of fermented rice bran (FRB) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg (FRB0, FRB10, FRB20 and FRB30, respectively) were tested using juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (average body weight = 5.22±0.02 g) for 56 days. Compared to FRB0, all diets improved growth performance of the experimental fish (P <0.05). Intestinal amylase and protease amounts were significantly increased (P <0.05). The experimental fish were intraperitoneally injected with Streptococcus agalactiae and the cumulative mortality rate was monitored for 10 days. All FRB-supplemented diets resulted in greater survival rates in challenge fish. The FRB20 and FRB30 diets promoted expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) transcripts and enhanced non-specific immunity; lysozyme and antioxidant enzyme activities; myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P <0.05). The expression level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) was down-regulated in fish fed FRB20 and FRB30 (P <0.05) but IL-10 was up-regulated in fish fed FRB10 and FRB30 (P <0.05) while IL-1β was up-regulated in fish fed FRB20 (P <0.05). The expression of complementary 3 (C3) transcripts was significantly increased while nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was decreased in fish fed all FRB-supplemented diets (P <0.05). Conventional histology revealed increased villus height following FRB30 treatment (P <0.05). These results suggest the beneficial use of FRB supplementation on growth, immune defense and stress tolerance for juvenile O. niloticus. • Effects of fermented rice bran (FRB) supplementation on growth and immunity of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were examined. • FRB20- and FRB30-supplemented diets improved growth performance and disease resistance of O. niloticus (P < 0.05). • Digestive enzyme activities of amylase and protease activities were significantly increased in fish fed FRB20 and FRB30 diets (P < 0.05). • Fish fed FRB-supplemented diets exhibited greater survival rates against S. agalactiae challenge than the control. • Both FRB20 and FRB30 diets promoted expression of IGF-I and enhanced lysozyme, MPO, and CAT (P < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of molecular weight of saccharides and heating time on interfacial behavior of protein, glycated rice bran protein aggregates (gRBPAs) were obtained by incubating rice bran protein (RBP) with glucose (Glu), maltose (Mal) and dextran (Dex) via acid-heat treatment (pH 2.0, 90 °C). Subsequently, the stability and in vitro simulated digestion properties of oil in water (O/W) emulsion stabilized by gRBPAs were analyzed. Structural analysis (circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra) proved that the tertiary structure and secondary structure of RBP changed after glycation, and the contents of β-sheet structure of gRBPAs increased significantly. Besides, the glycation improved the interfacial activity and emulsification of protein obviously. Compared with Glu or Mal, the grafting of Dex could produce larger steric hindrance, which better inhibited the aggregation of emulsion droplets. Furthermore, glycation enhanced the pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity of gRBPAs obviously, and the emulsions stabilized by gRBPAs exhibited higher anti-digestion ability (62.12–75.00%) compared with RBP (95.27%). Moreover, the free fatty acid (FFA) rate of O/W emulsion was closely related to the surface hydrophobicity, degree of glycation, PL inhibitory activity and interfacial behavior of gRBPAs. Therefore, these findings would be enlightening to intuitively tailor the physicochemical stability and digestibility of O/W emulsion system according to heating time and molecular weight of saccharides. Meanwhile, this work would facilitate the application of O/W emulsion stabilized by glycated protein aggregates in functional foods. [Display omitted] • O/W emulsions stabilized by glycated rice bran protein aggregates were constructed. • Glycation changed the tertiary structure and secondary structure of protein. • Glycation improved the interfacial activity and emulsification of protein. • Glycation tailored the stability and in vitro digestion properties of emulsions. • Interfacial protein content was negatively correlated with FFA release rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite film of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from rice bran (RB) blended with chitosan (IDF-CS film) was prepared and characterized. The thermal stability, thickness, tensile strength, colour, water vapor permeability (WVP) and oil permeability (PO) of the film were analysed. SEM micrographs revealed the porous morphology of the film. XRD spectra suggested an amorphous crystalline nature of the film. FTIR spectra showed a 1600 cm−1 peak in chitosan and dietary fiber, indicating C=O stretching, and TGA showed good thermal stability under various temperatures. The thickness increased to 0.104 mm in the film containing IDF -Chitosan2:2. The tensile strength (TS) was enhanced to 18.420 MPa in the film containing IDF -Chitosan2:2. The elongation at break (EB) was higher (12.65%) in films containing the low concentrations of IDF-Chitosan0.5:0.5. Water vapor permeability (WVP) was enhanced to 5.856 × 10−12 g cm/cm2·Pa·s in the film containing IDF 2:2. The prepared film showed an excellent soil-degrading properties, with a degradation rate of 96% after 15 days. The IDF-CS film demonstrated a substantial inhibitory potential against Gram-positive bacteria. The scavenging capacities of the degradable film were 96.5% for DPPH and 98.8% for ABTS. Moreover, the viability of cervical HeLa cell line was 10% at 200 μg/ml compared with that of the positive control (4%). Significant cytomorphological changes leading to necrosis in the treated cells were observed using light and fluorescence microscopy. The film (IDF-CS) developed is environmentally friendly and could be used as a novel therapeutic material for treating bacterial pathogens, scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. [Display omitted] • Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) was extracted from rice bran. • IDF blended with chitosan (CS) degradable film was prepared and characterized. • IDF-CS film have shown significant inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria at 100 μg/ml. • IDF-CS displayed greater scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals. • IDF-CS exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative action on HeLa cells at 200 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Successful lab-scale fabrication of rice bran-based biocomposites reinforced with natural fillers. • Cellulose and flax improved stiffness in RB-based biocomposites at 2 wt.%. • Hazelnut shell improved Young´s modulus and tensile strength even at 10 wt.%. • Hazelnut shell showed superior compatibility and dispersion. • All fillers increased the thermal stability of the biocomposites. Bioplastics from agro-food industry by-products offer a sustainable alternative to the environmental concerns linked to petroleum-derived plastics. Rice bran (RB), an abundant and low-cost by-product rich in protein and starch, is a promising feedstock but poses challenges due to its complex composition. This study investigates the integration of natural fillers (cellulose, flax, and hazelnut shell) into a RB-based matrix. At low filler content (2 wt.%), all fillers increased stiffness from 138 MPa to 190, 184 and 196 MPa for cellulose, flax and hazelnut shell, respectively. Higher contents (5–10 wt.%) showed varied effects: flax and cellulose improved Young's modulus only up to 5 wt.% due to agglomeration, while hazelnut shell had beneficial effects even at 10 wt.% even for tensile strength (improving from 2.5 to 3.4 MPa). Additionally, all fillers enhanced viscoelastic moduli and thermal stability, with hazelnut shells showing the most significant improvements, making them a promising additive for bioplastics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although biosorption is considered a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and straight forward technology to remove toxic metals from aqueous solutions, there are still some gaps that restrain its commercialization. For this purpose, various articles and patents have been published each year to make this technology more economical and effective. We reported a review on the biosorption of manganese ions (Mn2+) and nickel ions (Ni2+) from aqueous solutions. Various biosorbents have been reported for the effective removal of these toxic ions. These biosorbents include algal biomass, fungal biomass, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces, green tomato husk, corncob biomass, coconut shells, bacteria, Birbira leaves, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, maize stalks, crab shell particles, macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus, and rice bran. All biosorbents have good capacity of adsorption particularly algal and fungal biomasses. pH study, kinetic investigations, initial concentration, temperature, thermodynamic study and application of isotherms have been evaluated for biosorption of manganese ions (Mn2+) and nickel ions (Ni2+). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flavonoid metabolites present in green glutinous rice were screened against the Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. • Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (L7OR) was found to have the most favorable binding affinity. • Docking showed that there are five hydrophobic interactions, eleven hydrogen bonds, and one salt bridge present between L7OR and RBD. • From molecular dynamic simulations, it was found that the stability and interactions between L7OR and RBD is comparable to nilotinib. Flavonoids are well-known plant secondary metabolites that have been widely used as sources for designing drugs due to their unique structural and bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics. This study has been designed to identify novel flavonoids from traditional and bran of colored rice varieties to explore their antiviral properties, especially against COVID-19. In our study, flavonoids from colored glutinous rice bran have been screened to find compounds that could bind to the Receptor Binding Domain of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Out of the several flavonoids and their metabolites that have been identified to bind to the target: Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside was found to have highly potent antiviral activity. Further to this, its binding affinity to the approved anticancer drug Nilotinib has been carried out where the selected flavonoid was found to have comparable affinity to the target. Additionally, Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside has also been demonstrated to have a higher number of interactions to the target when compared with the standard drug through molecular dynamic simulations. Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside has also been observed to have a lower RMSD value, higher number of hydrogen bonds and similar stability when compared to the standard. From the study, a naturally occurring flavonoid present in traditional and colored rice varieties can be considered to have the potential to be developed as a drug for the treatment of COVID-19, with better performance compared to the synthetic drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although rice bran active peptide (RBAP) has potent antioxidant properties, its practical applications have been limited by its low bioavailability. In this study, we hypothesized that pH-responsive hydrogels prepared from the ionic gelation between chitosan and alginate could be a promising delivery system of short-chain peptides, like RBAP, for protecting them from chemical degradation during digestion and improving their functionality. The hydrogel beads retained RBAP in the gastric environment due to strong interactions between two biopolymers and RBAP, followed by a sustained release of more than 70 % peptide in the intestinal condition, thus improving its gastrointestinal stability. The RBAP-loaded hydrogel beads not only significantly enhanced free radical scavenging ability by 3–7 times during digestion but also protected human umbilical vein endothelial cells from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress after digestion. This study presents a novel hydrogel platform for enhancing the gastrointestinal stability and functional efficacy of RBAP and other water-soluble peptides. [Display omitted] • A sustained release of peptide in the simulated gastrointestinal fluid was observed. • Peptide-loaded beads enhanced free radical scavenging ability by 3–7 times during digestion. • Peptide-loaded beads protected endothelial cells from oxidative stress after digestion. • A novel platform for oral delivery of short-term peptides with improved functionality was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, green tea extract (GTE) and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were incorporated into the expeller-pressed high oleic soybean oil (EPHOSO) oleogel and their antioxidative activity on the oleogel oxidation was investigated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) confirmed that heating EPHOSO at 90 °C for 30 min during oleogel preparation did not accelerate free radical formation. Moreover, the addition of GTE at 300 ppm significantly reduced the levels of both free radicals and lipid hydroperoxides, effectively extending the lag phase by 5 days. In contrast, EDTA at a lower concentration (75 ppm) was more efficient in preventing the formation of propanal than at a higher concentration (150 and 300 ppm). Synergistic effects were recorded in retarding free radicals and lipid hydroperoxides when 300 ppm of GTE and 75 ppm of EDTA was applied. Furthermore, replacing shortening with the oleogel significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of cookies, even without any antioxidants. [Display omitted] • EPR analysis revealed that heating process did not accelerate the free radicals in oleogel. • GTE was efficient in inhibiting the formation of lipid hydroperoxides at high concentrations. • EDTA was more effective in limiting the generation of propanal. • Replacing shortening with EPHOSO oleogel enhanced the oxidative stability of cookies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bran as a kind of agricultural waste is anattractive and promising source of cellulose. In this paper, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from rice bran were prepared by the hydrolysis of sulfuric acid under ultrasonic treatment. CNC was explored as the stabilizer for Pickering emulsion. The morphological features, chemical structure, crystal property, particle size, surface charge, and thermal stability of CNC were investigated. The CNC with typical cellulose I structure produced by acidic treatment exhibited high thermal stability (>200°C). To evaluate the emulsion capability of CNC, the visual distribution and stability properties of Pickering emulsions were characterized. It was noted that Pickering emulsions stabilized by CNC exhibited excellent storage, oxidative, and environmental stability. This work provides evidence for the valuable utilization of CNC from rice bran. It could be used as a new kind of stabilizer for Pickering emulsions in biomedicine, cosmetics, and food. • Thermostable CNC from rice bran were obtained by the acidic hydrolysis. • The CNC acted as the stabilizer in Pickering emulsions. • The emulsions showed excellent storage, oxidative and environmental stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a crucial component of cereals, and IDF from cereal bran (IDF-CB) has been reported to have multiple biological activities. However, the effect of IDF-CB on chronic colitis remains underexplored. The study aimed to investigate the impact of IDFs from wheat bran (WBIDF), rice bran (RBIDF), millet bran (MBIDF) and oat bran (OBIDF) on chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Our findings demonstrated that IDFs-CB supplementation mitigated DSS-induced weight loss and reduced lesions in the colon and spleen. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress markers (MPO, iNOS and MDA)were decreased, and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and T-SOD activity were increased after IDF-CB inclusion. Furthermore, IDFs-CB restored intestinal barrier function by regulating gene expression (up-regulated Muc-2, ZO-1 and Occludin, and down-regulated Claudin-1 and Claudin-4). Additionally, we analyzed the gut microbiota and SCFAs composition. WBIDF, MBIDF and OBIDF inhibited the growth of Muribaculaceae_unclassified , Bacteroides and Parasutterella. Conversely, IDFs-CB promoted the growth of Candidatus_Saccharimonas and norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014. Notably, WBIDF enhanced the abundance of Allobaculum , while MBIDF and OBIDF increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136. Moreover, supplementation with IDFs-CB significantly elevated certain SCFA concentrations—particularly acetic acid and isohexanoic acid. Our results suggested that IDF-CB effectively alleviated DSS-induced chronic colitis; among them，WBIDF exhibited superior efficacy followed by OBIDF，MBIDF，and RBIDF. This study provides a theoretical foundation for dietary recommendations for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this investigation was to isolate amur catfish myofibrillar protein (AMP), emulsify it with rice bran oil, and assess its application in the silver carp surimi gel. The proportion and addition of AMP/rice bran oil emulsion on the gel properties were compared. The emulsion stabilized by 3 % AMP was stable when an oil/water ratio of 0.70 and 0.75 was employed, as evidenced by its appearance, microstructure, and rheological characteristics. The L* , a* and whiteness values of gels observably elevated when the emulsion blended (p < 0.05). The mechanical capacities (texture and rheology indicators) of surimi gels were dramatically improved with 5 % emulsion added (p < 0.05). However, the addition of excessive emulsion (up to 15 %) impeded the formation of surimi protein network and lowered water retention ability of surimi gels. Moreover, 5 % emulsion was distributed uniformly throughout the gel matrix, giving rise to the development of a dense and uniform network with high water binding capacity. Furthermore, the study on protein solubility expressed that the addition of the emulsion facilitated protein-protein interactions in surimi gels. In summary, the addition of 5 % AMP stabilized rice bran oil emulsion could yield a stronger surimi gel with increased whiteness. The resulting gels could serve as healthy fat-rich surimi-based products. [Display omitted] • A stable emulsion with AMP was established. • Emulsion improved the gel properties of surimi. • Emulsion facilitated protein-protein interactions in surimi gel • Emulsion improved the compactness of the surimi gels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an increasing emphasis on health and environmental consciousness, there is a growing inclination toward plant protein-based meat substitutes as viable alternatives to animal meat. In the pursuit of creating diverse and functional plant protein-based substitutes, innovative plant proteins have been introduced in conjunction with soy protein isolate (SPI), encompassing pea protein isolate (PPI), rice bran protein (RBP), fava bean protein isolate (FPI), and spirulina protein isolate (SPPI). Notably, SPI-WG extrudates and SPI-PPI extrudates exhibited superior fiber structures (fiber degrees were 1.72 and 1.88, respectively), with coarse fibers in SPI-WG extrudates and fine, dense fibers in SPI-PPI extrudates. The addition of RBP, FPI and SPPI had minimal effect on fiber structure. Fresh SPI-FPI displayed the slowest rate of water loss, losing about 7.11% of their total weight in 5 h. Different plant proteins can be selected for the preparation of plant protein-based meat substitutes according to practical needs. • Chemical bonding differences emerge across extrusion phases. • The SPI-WG and SPI-PPI blends demonstrate exceptional fiber degrees. • SPI-FPI, SPI-RBP and SPI-SPPI display distinctive hardness, network structure, significant toughness. • Proteins' structural transitions from α-helix to β-sheet structures occur during processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Rice bran dietary fiber led to a significant increase in SCFAs. • Rice bran dietary fiber may modulate gut microbiome, specifically in enriching Bacteroides and inhibiting E_Shigella. • Rice bran dietary fiber could significantly affect the metabolic profile of gut microbiota. • Our work indicates the prebiotic potential of rice bran dietary fiber. Rice bran, a by-product of rice processing, is rich in various nutrients. As one of the main components of rice bran, dietary fiber has a variety of potential health benefits, especially its probiotic effects on gut health. This study involved the preparation and characterization of soluble rice bran dietary fibers (RB-SDF) and insoluble rice bran dietary fibers (RB-IDF), followed by an investigation into their gastrointestinal probiotic impact and principal metabolites. These results showed that rice bran dietary fiber could promote the production of short-chain fatty acids and the growth of probiotics during the fermentation in vitro. Specifically, RB-SDF significantly stimulated the growth of Bacteroides , Parabacteroides , and Acinetobacter , while RB-IDF encouraged the expansion of Tyzzerella , Pseudoflavonifractor , and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_004. Both dietary fibers could reduce the relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella and Fusobacterium. The differential metabolites identified by untargeted metabolomics were l-pyroglutamic acid, d-(+)-tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, sulfolithocholic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, indicating that different carbohydrates could significantly affect the metabolic profile of gut microbiota. Our finding indicated that rice bran dietary fiber can produce beneficial metabolites and modulate microbial ecosystems, which deserve further development for health applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel pea protein (PP)-based bigel was developed, featuring a high internal phase emulsion. The impact of gelling agent concentration on the gel properties and freeze-thaw stability of the bigel was investigated. The bigel was comprised of two distinct gel phases: an aqueous-phase gel with a covalent network formed by PP and transglutaminase (TGase), and an oil-phase gel with a crystal network structure of rice bran wax (RBW). Microstructural analysis revealed a bi-continuous network structure in the bigel, with network density increasing as TGase and RBW concentrations rose. Rheological analysis showed that storage modulus (G′), apparent viscosity, and structural recovery of the bigel increased with higher TGase and RBW concentrations. Temperature scanning experiments confirmed that the bigel maintained its elastic solid behavior even at elevated temperatures. Optimal sensory properties and low coefficient of friction were achieved at 0.4 % TGase and 7 % RBW concentrations. Additionally, the bigel exhibited notable freeze-thaw stability at TGase and RBW concentrations exceeding 0.2 % and 5 %, respectively. These findings highlight the excellent gelation properties and stability of the PP-RBW-based bigel, suggesting its potential as a fat substitute in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new types of composite oleogel formulations were designed. Specifically, oleogels were prepared using 90% grapeseed oil as the oil phase and carnauba wax (CW)/beeswax/rice bran wax–bovine bone protein (BBP) as gelators. All samples were solid and had an oil-binding capacity of >90%. BBP addition considerably improved the waxy texture of the oleogel and had an important effect on the crystalline network. X-ray diffractometry indicated that BBP increased the β'-crystal content. All samples showed sol-gel thermodynamic behavior under temperature scanning. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular docking confirmed the formation of noncovalent interactions dominated by van der Waals forces during the development of the oleogel. The optimal components of the three oleogels exhibited an excellent effect of slowing down the release of free fatty acids. This study could serve as a reference for the development and application of wax–protein as a new binary gelator in the food industry. [Display omitted] • New composite oleogels of wax-bovine bone protein-grapeseed oil were designed. • The ratio of binary gelators will affect the solid properties of the oleogels. • Composite oleogels have the potential to replace solid fats. • Composite oleogels can release free fatty acids slowly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both rice bran (RB) rancidity and dephenolization could affect the structural characteristics and phenolics composition of rice bran protein (RBP), thereby affecting RBP digestibility. The synergistic effects of RB rancidity and dephenolization on RBP digestibility were investigated. Excessive RB rancidity (RB stored for 10 d) and non-dephenolization reduced RBP digestibility, while moderate RB rancidity (RB stored for 1 d) combined with dephenolization improved RBP digestibility to a maximum of 74.19%. Dephenolization reduced the antioxidant capacities of RBP digestive products. The digestibility of non-dephenolized RBP (NDRBP) was significantly (P < 0.05) related with its carbonyl content, surface hydrophobicity, and ζ-potential. The digestibility of dephenolized RBP (DRBP) was significantly related with its β-sheet structure content, surface hydrophobicity, ζ-potential, and average particle size. Overall, moderate RB rancidity combined with dephenolization enhanced RBP digestibility by reducing the non-competitive inhibition of endogenous phenolics on protease and regulating the spatial structural characteristics of RBP. [Display omitted] • Moderate RB rancidity combined with dephenolization improved RBP digestibility. • Dephenolization reduced the antioxidant capacity of RBP digestive products. • Dephenolization reduced non-competitive inhibition of phenolics on protease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical treatments (ultrasound, microwave, ultraviolet light, and magnetic fields) on the activities of peroxidases from rice bran and soybean meal to degrade aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk. The effects of physical treatments on peroxidase activities were evaluated. Peroxidases (0.015 U mL−1) were added to milk contaminated with aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 (5 ng mL−1) under refrigeration (4 °C, 24 h), and residual concentrations of mycotoxins were quantified. Physical treatments increased peroxidase activities from rice bran and soybean meal extracts. The most efficient treatment was ultraviolet light (365 nm, 45 min) applied to peroxidases extracted from rice bran; degradation increased by 16.7% and 10.6%, reaching 78.2% and 71.2% aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk, respectively. Therefore, using low-cost peroxidase physically treated by ultraviolet light can be an alternative for the food indstry to mitigate aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk. • Physical treatments may increase peroxidase activities. • Peroxidases from rice bran and soybean meal degrade aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in milk. • UV light is the most efficient treatment to increase aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 degradation. • 78.2% of aflatoxin B 1 and 71.2% of aflatoxin M 1 has been degraded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bran has high glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity and can be used to enrich and produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Glutinous rice was used as raw material to brew Huangjiu by liquefaction fermentation. Rice bran extract was added at different fermentation stages, then the content of GABA and basic physicochemical properties were tested, the changes of flavor substances and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were observed in Huangjiu. The results showed the addition of concentrated GABA-enriched rice bran extract during the post-fermentation stage significantly increases the GABA content in Huangjiu. When the amount of rice bran used is 50 g, the GABA content in the Huangjiu can reach 592.44 mg/L after fermentation. The total sugar and pH of Huangjiu fermented with rice bran extract were higher than the control group, and the total acid and non-sugar solids were lower than the control group. Electronic tongue analysis showed that the addition of rice bran extract would affect the sourness, umami and saltiness taste of Huangjiu. Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) analysis of Huangjiu made by adding rice bran extract at the post-fermentation stage showed increased isoamyl acetate, 2-heptanol, and other substances in comparison with the control group. The results of the study provide a cost-effective and rapid method for increasing the GABA content in Huangjiu. It also offers a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the production of health-oriented Huangjiu. • The method of high GABA content of Huangjiu without need for aging was provided by adding GABA-enriched rice bran extract. • The GABA-enriched rice bran extract needs to be added in the post-fermentation stage. • After adding rice bran extract, the Huangjiu showed increased levels of isoamyl acetate, 2-heptanol, and other substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice protein is the main component in the byproducts of rice processing such as rice dregs and rice bran. This study aims to develop lactic acid bacteria-fermented rice protein and analyze the changes of component and bioactivity. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCU137 was selected as the optimum fermentation strain from sixty lactic acid bacteria strains using fermentation performance and sensory score as the criteria. NCU137 was then applied to rice protein fermentation and the process parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. NCU137 fermentation significantly increased the acidity, antioxidant activity, and peptide content of rice protein, and eight volatile flavor compounds were identified as characteristic aroma components as determined by SPME-GC-MS. Of them, the OAV value of 1-hexanol was up to 50.94, contributing the most to the flavor of fermented rice protein. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and mechanism of rice protein antioxidant peptide (RPAP) on H 2 O 2 -induced Caco-2 cell damage were investigated by CCK-8 method and fluorescence microscopy. RPAP showed protective effect on cell damage in a dose-dependent manner, accompanying by reduction of oxidative components such as ROS and MDA, and increasement of antioxidant components such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX. The protective effect might lie in the regulation of gene transcription in Nrf2/HO-1 and apoptosis Bax/Bcl pathway, as validated by RT-qPCR assay. Shortly, the rice protein fermented by NCU137 displayed significant improvement of flavor, nutritional components, and antioxidant bioactivity. The fermentation technology provides alternative strategy for processing rice protein in rice dregs and rice bran into high-valued products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the potential of a novel indigenous strain for the improved production of lipase from castor oil-contaminated soil. Among the various isolates, Aeromonas media VBC8 was found to be the most effective for lipase production. The effect of different inducer oils (olive, peanut, soybean, rice bran, sunflower, coconut, sesame, and fish liver oil) on the biomass of A. media VBC8 and its lipase activity was determined. Among the various oils assessed, fish liver oil exhibited highest lipase activity, with 89 U/mL with 9.1 g/L of biomass. Furthermore, Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the cultural conditions resulting in an enhanced lipase activity of 1156 U/mL. The lipase was purified through ammonium salt (60 w/v %) precipitation, desalting and ion exchange column, achieving a yield of 16 % and specific activity of 98.4 U/mL. The purified lipase remained active over a wide range of pH 4.0–11.0 and temperature of 10–80 °C with maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 40 °C. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the lipase's molecular weight to be 94 kDa. The study also evaluated the role of crude and purified lipase in the biodegradability of lubricating oil waste, achieving a maximum fatty acid conversion of 39 and 76 %, respectively, after 7 h incubation at room temperature. • Aeromonas media VBC8 is a potent strain for lipase production using fish liver extract as most effective substrate. • Box-Behnken Design optimized the cultural conditions for significant improved lipase activity to 1156 U/mL. • Purified lipase-maintained activity across pH 4.0–11.0 and temperature of 10–80 °C revealing their stability nature. • The purified lipase demonstrated effective biodegradation of lubricating oil, achieving 62% conversion of fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the high abundance of bound polyphenols (BP) in whole grain dietary fiber (DF), this study utilized multi-omics approach to evaluate the impact of BP of defatted rice bran insoluble DF (RIDF) in modulating obesity. Mice on high-fat diet were gavage-administered RIDF, BP-removed or formulated RIDF. The results indicated that DF significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation and damage induced by high-fat diet were significantly ameliorated with DF intervention. The presence of BP increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria g_Akkermansia and g_Butyricicocus , as well as the expression of butyric acid/propionic acid. Furthermore, the expression of hepatic lipids and lipid-like molecules was significantly decreased under the combined intervention of BP and DF, and this was accompanied by alterations in genes related to lipid, sterol, and cholesterol metabolic biological processes. These findings suggest that BP contribute to the anti-obesity effects of DF. The presence of bound polyphenol components enhances the anti-obesity effect of defatted rice bran insoluble dietary fiber. [Display omitted] • Polyphenols derive from insoluble dietary fiber of defatted rice bran • Dietary fiber (RIDF_DF) was obtained by removing polyphenols • Polyphenols contributed to the effect of dietary fiber on improving obesity • Polyphenols impact on liver metabolism and transcription • Propionic acid/butyric acid were key factors in the beneficial effect of polyphenols [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop a novel eutecto-oleogel and its characterizations. Using starch, beeswax, oil, and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), an oleogel with low hardness and high liquid fat was developed. The addition of starch and NADES in oleogels caused the formation of new intra or intermolecular hydrogen bonding and improved the oil binding capacity, thermal behavior, and texture of the oleogels. The oleogel with 1 % starch formed a strong gel with the most favorable functional, textural, flow properties and a high fanning factor. Complementary tests of the oleogel exhibited shear thinning and frequency-independent behavior, with zero residual effect. Non-isothermal crystallization and melting analysis of the oleogels showed noticeable differences among the various oleogels. These results contribute to a better understanding of oleo gelation in rice bran oil-based oleogels with NADES, and beeswax for formulating food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products with desired physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using different probiotic microorganisms in the composition of the synbiotic system fertilizer on microbial composition, nitrification process, and growth of Penaeus vannamei in the nursery phase. An intensive nursery was carried out (stocking density: 2000 shrimp m−3) for 40 days, using synbiotic fertilization protocols with different probiotic microorganisms in the following treatments: CW – clear water (control), B – Bacillus , BLP – Bacillus + Lactobacillus + Pediococcus , BLPY – Bacillus + Lactobacillus + Pediococcus + Yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), BY – Bacillus + Yeasts. In addition to probiotic, the fertilizer used rice bran as the main organic carbon source, molasses, sodium bicarbonate (as a buffer), and water in its composition. The Plankton community was analyzed by direct counting. The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing (NOB) bacteria were determined using fluorescent in situ hybridization. During the experimental time, a faster control of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was observed in BLP treatment. Throughout the trial, the control of nitrite through the nitrification process was not observed in the treatments where synbiotic systems were used. In these treatments, water changes were carried out to keep the concentration below the safe level for the species. The phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were basically dominated by Bacillariophyta and protozoans, respectively. On day 21 of the trial, BLP treatment had a higher abundance of AOB bacteria than CW, BLPY, and BY treatments. On day 39 of the experiment, BLP treatment had more NOB than BLPY and BY. Shrimp had a higher final weight in CW and BLP treatments than in the BY. Yield was higher in BLP, B, and BLPY treatments than in the CW. The use of Bacillus , Lactobacillus , and Pediococcus (BLP treatment) in synbiotic system fertilization promoted rapid control of TAN, a higher abundance of AOB and NOB, and improved shrimp growth performance in intensive nurseries. • Probiotic microorganisms in synbiotic improve ammonia control in shrimp nurseries. • Probiotic inoculation in shrimp nursery with synbiotic system increases AOB and NOB. • Probiotic inoculation improves growth and FCR in shrimp nurseries with synbiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]