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Abstract: There has been an increasing interest in biased regions in proteins especially ever since it was shown that such regions are frequently associated with a structural role in the cell, or with protein disorder. In this study, we focus on charged biased protein sequences in human genome. We have identified 446 charged biased proteins within human proteome, 70% of them constitute proteins harboring negative run that correspond to transcription factor zinc finger proteins, importins and some protein kinases involving acidic activating domains. Basic charge clusters are often associated with DNA-binding, zinc-finger, basic-leucine zipper and homeobox domains. The data show that significant positive clusters correspond to ribosomal proteins. Most of proteins with zinc-binding fingers have a mixed positive and negative charged biased regions. Altogether, the Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the charged proteins are involved mainly in regulatory functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• We present the first large-scale study of the repertoire of IDPs in Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare proteomes. • Results show that proteins in T. aestivum are significantly more disordered than those of H. vulgare. • IDPs in T. aestivum and H. vulgare are involved in regulation of cellular and biological processes up on response to stress. There has been an increasing interest in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) ever since it was proven that they are ubiquitous and involved in key cellular functions. Interestingly, they have shown a large abundance in complete proteomes. In the current study, we have investigated the first large-scale study of the repertoire of IDPs in Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare proteomes, in order to get insight into the biological roles of IDPs in both species. Results show that proteins in T. aestivum are significantly more disordered than those of H. vulgare. Moreover, the data revealed that DNA/RNA binding domains, co-factors, heme, metal ions binding domains, ATP/GTP binding proteins, ligands, linker domains and repeats, other domains typical to transcription factors such as zinc finger, F-box domain, homeodomain-like, l -domain like and chaperones, are predominantly present and co-occur in disordered proteins in T.aestivum and H.vulgare. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed that IDPs in T. aestivum and H. vulgare are mainly involved in regulation of cellular and biological processes up on response to stress. In future, this study may provide valuable information while considering IDPs in understanding the organism complexity and environmental adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Intronless genes (IGs) fraction varies between 2.7 and 97.7% in eukaryotic genomes. Although many databases on exons and introns exist, there was no curated database for such genes which allowed their study in a concerted manner. Such a database would be useful to identify the functional features and the distribution of these genes across the genome. Here, a new database of IGs in eukaryotes based on GenBank data was described. This database, called IGD (Intronless Gene Database), is a collection of gene sequences that were annotated and curated. The current version of IGD contains 687 human intronless genes with their protein and CDS sequences. Some features of the entries are given in this paper. Data was extracted from GenBank release 183 using a Perl script. Data extraction was followed by a manual curation step. Intronless genes were then analyzed based on their RefSeq annotation and Gene Ontology functional class. IGD represents a useful resource for retrieval and in silico study of intronless genes. IGD is available at http://www.bioinfo-cbs.org/igd with comprehensive help and FAQ pages that illustrate the main uses of this resource. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mono-olein is the most widely used emulsifier in food and pharmaceutical industries. It was produced by direct esterification of oleic acid with glycerol using immobilized Staphylococcus simulans lipase. The best mono-olein yield was achieved with CaCO3 as support. No organic solvent was necessary to solubilize the substrates. This allowed the use of a reaction medium solely composed of the necessary substrates. Response surface methodology based on three-level, three-variable central composite rotatable designs was employed to optimize three reaction variables: the amount of lipase, the initial added water and the oleic acid to glycerol molar ratio. The optimum conditions predicted for achieving 70.6% yield of mono-olein were as follows: an amount of lipase of 100IU, an initial added water of 5% (w/w) and an oleic acid to glycerol molar ratio of 0.2. The experimental results confirmed the predicted values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]