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• Lymphangiomas are benign swellings most commonly seen in paediatric population. • MRI is the superior imaging technique to diagnose lymphangiomas. • Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. Lymphangiomas are benign swellings most commonly seen in paediatric population. Head and neck are the common sites of presentation rarely can also been seen other sites as axilla, chest, abdomen, liver, spleen. Even though many different modalities have come up surgical excision remains the main stay of treatment. A 24 year male patient presented with complaints of a swelling the neck since 2 months, which was 8 × 5 cms, soft, cystic and transilluminant in the anterior triangle of the neck. MRI study showed features suggestive of a para pharyngeal lymphangioma. Patient had undergone surgical excision through trans mandibular trans cervical approach for extra cranial part and for intra cranial part has got OK-432 sclerosant therapy. Lymphangiomas are benign, hamartamatous swellings. They are mostly noticed due to their large size causing disfigurement, dyspnoea or dysphagia. They are diagnosed prenatally by using ultrasound scanning. MRI is the superior imaging technique to diagnose lymphangiomas. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment, other treatment modalities as scelerotherapy, laser excision, radiotherapy, unroofing, aspiration or steroids are also used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In almost every mechanism, gears are extensively used machine parts to transmit power from one shaft to other with or without change of speed or direction. The need for better and efficient power transmission has increased the demand for effective gear design systems. All renowned formal gear design systems use AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers Association) standards for design. The conventional processes demand 150 to 200 man-hours to design the new optimized typical gear. Significant time reduction in design calculations can be obtained by using the soft computing tool. Additionally, advanced CAD Modeling techniques like parametric modeling can further trim down the design time. Hence, the present work is aimed to develop a knowledge-based parametric CAD modeling system for Spur Gear Design. This framework or system utilizes Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) incorporating the rules of AGMA in design computations and parametric modeling in CAD. SolidWorks customization is carried out to generate the spur gear CAD model based on AGMA standards. Further, this system is proven as standard, faster, and simpler gear design system when compared with conventional design system. Results of this system are reasonably close to AGMA results under specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear, steady state boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of an incompressible non-Newtonian Jeffrey’s fluid past a semi-infinite vertical plate is examined in this article. The transformed conservation equations are solved numerically subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions using a versatile, implicit finite-difference Keller box technique. The influence of a number of emerging non-dimensional parameters, namely Deborah number ( De) , ratio of relaxation to retardation times ( λ ) , Buoyancy ratio parameter ( N ), suction/injection parameter ( f w ) , Radiation parameter ( F ), Prandtl number ( Pr ), Schmidt number ( Sc ), heat generation/absorption parameter ( Δ ) and dimensionless tangential coordinate ( ξ ) on velocity, temperature and concentration evolution in the boundary layer regime is examined in detail. Also, the effects of these parameters on surface heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and local skin friction are investigated. This model finds applications in metallurgical materials processing, chemical engineering flow control, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the nonlinear, steady state mixed convection boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of an incompressible non-Newtonian Jeffrey’s fluid past a non-isothermal wedge. The transformed conservation equations are solved numerically subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions using a versatile, implicit finite-difference Keller box technique. The influence of a number of emerging non-dimensional parameters, namely Deborah number ( De ), ratio of relaxation to retardation times ( λ ), pressure gradient parameter ( m ), Buoyancy ratio parameter ( N ), mixed convection parameter ( λ 1 ) , radiation parameter ( F ) and heat generation/absorption parameter ( Δ ) on velocity, temperature and concentration evolution in the boundary layer regime is examined in detail. Also, the effects of these parameters on surface heat transfer rate , mass transfer rate and local skin friction are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fingerprints are widely and successfully used for personal identification. This is mainly due to their individuality, stability through life, uniqueness among people, public acceptance and their minimum risk of intrusion. Fingerprint technology is a biometric technique utilized to identify persons based on their physical traits. The physical patterns of this technique consist of ridges and valleys that exist on the surface of fingertips. Fingerprint images are direction-oriented patterns formed by ridges and valleys. The eminence of the fingerprint image is determined by the sturdiness of a fingerprint authentication system. In order to improve the limitations of existing fingerprint image enhancement methods an efficient technique is proposed to deal with low quality fingerprint images. The proposed methodology can be divided into three modules. In the first module, the fingerprint image is subjected to denoising process where Wave atom transform is utilized. After the completion of this process the image enhancement is performed with the help of optimization algorithm. In our enhancement approach, a Modified Cuckoo Search (MCS) algorithm is used as an optimizer. This helps to look for the best gray level distribution that maximizes the objective function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical study is presented to analyze the nonlinear, non-isothermal, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell fluid from a vertical surface in a non-Darcy, isotropic, homogenous porous medium, in the presence of Hall currents and ionslip currents. The governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equations for momentum conservation in the x , and z directions, heat and mass conservation, in the flow regime are transformed from an ( x , y , z ) coordinate system to a ( ξ , η ) coordinate system in terms of dimensionless x -direction velocity ( f ′) and z -direction velocity ( G ), dimensionless temperature and concentration functions ( θ and ϕ ) under appropriate boundary conditions. Both Darcian and Forchheimer porous impedances are incorporated in both momentum equations. Computations are also provided for the variation of the x and z direction shear stress components and also heat and mass transfer rates. It is observed that with increasing ɛ , primary velocity, secondary velocity, heat and mass transfer rates are decreased whereas, the temperature, concentration and skin friction are increased. An increasing δ is found to increase primary and secondary velocities, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates. But the temperature and concentration decrease. Increasing β e and β i are seen to increase primary velocity, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates whereas secondary velocity, temperature and concentration are decreased. Excellent correlation is achieved with a Nakamura tridiagonal finite difference scheme ( NTM ) . The model finds applications in magnetic materials processing, MHD power generators and purification of crude oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Query by Image Content Retrieval abbreviated as QBIR, has become new thirst now a days. By using this systems, user can retrieve the similar images of an already existed image (or) a rough sketch (or) a symbolic representation. To make more efficient and user friendly QBIR multiple features areemployed. This paper proposes a novel approach for image retrieval using adaptive k-means clustering and shape, texture features. The experimental results portraystheperformance of the proposed retrieval system in terms of better precision. To evaluate the proposed method COIL and MPEG-7 shape 1 datasets are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buoyancy-driven convective heat and mass transfer in boundary layer flow of a viscoelastic Jeffrey fluid from a permeable isothermal sphere embedded in a porous medium is studied. Thermal radiation flux and heat generation/absorption are also incorporated in the model. A non-Darcy drag force model is employed to simulate the effects of linear porous media drag and second order Forchheimer drag. The Rosseland diffusion algebraic approximation is utilized to simulate thermal radiation effects. The non-dimensionalized boundary layer equations are solved using implicit, finite-difference scheme. The influence of Darcy number ( Da ), Deborah number ( De ), ratio of relaxation to retardation times ( λ ) , radiation parameter ( F ), Forchheimer inertial parameter ( Λ ) and heat generation/absorption parameter ( Δ ) , on normalized velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates are also studied. The present study has applications in the storage of nuclear waste materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In software industry, automation plays a major role for improving the test efficiency of software test organisation. For ensuring test coverage satisfaction and thereby reducing risk, projects use more people for manual testing or use automation tools or techniques to improve the level of test automation. The choice of selection depends on reduction in project cycle time or reduction in time for test. This paper discusses about software automation steps and explains an algorithm for addressing the issues faced in system management automation of various services like DHCP, DNS, Firewall etc. Paper is written based on author's experience using various automation frame works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human beings can easily categorize a person's age group from a facial image where as this ability has not been promising in the computer vision community. To address this problem very important area of research, the present paper proposes a novel scheme of age classification system using features derived from co-occurrence parameters using Rank based Edge Texture Unit (RETU). The Co-occurrence Matrix (CM) on RETU characterizes the relationship between the neighbouring edge values, while preserving local information. The novelty of the proposed RETU is it classifies the age of human into seven categories i.e. in the age groups of 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, and greater than 60. The TU of the proposed RETU ranges from 0 to 17 and thus reduces overall complexity in evaluating features from CM. The co occurrence features extracted from the RETU provide complete facial image information for age classification purpose. The RETU reduces each 3×3 sub image into 2×2 sub image while preserving the texture features and thus reduces the overall dimensionality of the image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) are promising candidates for simple and efficient stand-alone power generation systems. In spite of their relatively high efficiencies, especially at part load conditions, more than half of the chemical energy is converted into thermal energy during the electrochemical generation of electrical power. For stable and efficient operation, it is necessary to remove this heat efficiently and supply pre-heated reactants so as to minimize temperature variations within the cell. In the present study, we explore the possibility of using cathode air to act as coolant of the cell as well as the supplier of the heat required for hydrogen desorption from a sodium alanate-based hydrogen storage system. To this end, we use computational fluid dynamics to simulate the flow and heat transfer through a section of a 1 kWe HT-PEMFC stack and a thermally coupled hydrogen storage system. The calculations show that, with a cathode air flow rate seven times in excess of the stoichiometric requirement, it is possible to meet the triple requirement of supplying preheated cathode air; maintaining uniform stack temperature; and supplying the heat required for desorption of the required amount of H2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background & Aims: Epithelial cancers can be initiated by activating mutations in components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway such as v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Human intestinal serrated polyps are a heterogeneous group of benign lesions, but some progress to colorectal cancer. Tumors that arise from these polyps frequently contain activating mutations in BRAF or KRAS, but little is known about the role of EGFR activation in their development. Methods: Polyp samples were obtained from adults during screening colonoscopies at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. We measured levels of EGFR protein and phosphorylation in human serrated polyps by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses. We generated transgenic mice that express the ligand for EGFR, Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), in the intestine. Results: EGFR and the extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 were phosphorylated in serrated areas of human hyperplastic polyps (HPPs), sessile serrated adenomas, and traditional serrated adenomas. EGFR and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated in the absence of KRAS or BRAF activating mutations in a subset of HPP. Transgenic expression of the EGFR ligand HB-EGF in the intestines of mice promoted development of small cecal serrated polyps. Mice that expressed a combination of HB-EGF and US28 (a constitutively active, G-protein–coupled receptor that increases processing of HB-EGF from the membrane) rapidly developed large cecal serrated polyps. These polyps were similar to HPPs and had increased phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 within the serrated epithelium. Administration of pharmacologic inhibitors of EGFR or MAPK to these transgenic mice significantly reduced polyp development. Conclusions: Activation of EGFR signaling in the intestine of mice promotes development of serrated polyps. EGFR signaling also is activated in human HPPs, sessile serrated adenomas, and traditional serrated adenomas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Ets-1 oncoprotein and the heme-catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal disease. We investigated the role of the putative Ets-binding sites (EBSs) in the transactivation of the proximal promoter of rat heme oxygenase 1 (hmox1) gene by the Ets oncoproteins Fli-1, Erg-2, and Ets-1 in mesangial cells. We examined several rat hmox1-chloramphenicol acetytransferase (CAT) constructs and EBS mutant constructs in an effort to assess the effect of ETS oncoproteins on transactivation of the rat hmox1 proximal promoter in renal glomerular mesangial cells. CAT assays demonstrated that the proximal promoter region (−1387 to −40) contains positive and negative regulatory regions and that the EBS-2, 3, and 4 play a role in basal promoter activity. Overexpression of Fli-1 and Erg-2 proteins showed a significant increase in promoter activity, whereas Ets-1 showed no effect on promoter activity. The Fli-1–induced transcriptional activation was not altered by mutation of EBSs, either independently or in combination. However, mutation of EBS-4 independently or a combined mutation of sites 3 and 4 led to a 50% reduction in Erg-2–induced transcriptional activation. Furthermore, mutation of EBS-2 and 4 completely abolished Erg-2–mediated promoter activation. Our results support a role for Ets transcription factors in the regulation of rat hmox-1 gene expression in mesangial cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Introductions: The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of lidocaine containing epinephrine compared with lidocaine containing epinephrine plus hyaluronidase (75 IU) when performing an inferior alveolar nerve block. Methods: Patients complaining of pain in the mandibular posterior teeth were selected. Based on their chief complaint, proper clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. Among them, 40 subjects diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis were selected. The inferior alveolar nerve block was induced using 3 mL 2% lidocaine with epinephrine. Hyaluronidase (75 IU) or a placebo was injected 30 minutes after the beginning of pulpal anesthesia (randomized and double-blind trial). The duration of the effect in the pulpal and gingival tissues was evaluated by the response to painful electrical stimuli applied to the adjacent premolar and by mechanical stimuli (pinprick) to the buccal gingiva, respectively. Results: In both pulpal and gingival tissues, the duration of the anesthetic effects with hyaluronidase was longer than with placebo. Conclusions: Hyaluronidase increased the duration of the effects of lidocaine in inferior alveolar nerve blocks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]