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This report presents the case of a 44-year-old male patient who was referred for treatment due to a lesion on his tongue. Upon clinical examination, a nodular lesion with a fibroelastic consistency was identified. This lesion appeared pinkish-white with a pediculated base and was located on the anterior third of the lingual dorsum. The patient reported daily use of alcohol and hand-rolled tobacco for approximately six months and had no known systemic diseases. A preliminary diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma was established, and hematological tests were performed. Subsequently, an excisional biopsy was conducted. The histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis, aligning with the clinical hypothesis. The patient received guidance on the association between pyogenic granuloma and irritative factors and was instructed on proper brushing techniques. A follow-up was scheduled for six months. The patient has been under observation for two years without experiencing any relapses. It is evident that the biopsy, coupled with the removal of irritating factors, played a crucial role in controlling the pyogenic granuloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between SLC6A4 (rs1042173 and rs3813034), DRD2 (rs6275 and rs6276), ANKK1 (rs1800497), and COMT (rs174675) genetic polymorphisms and alterations in anxiety levels and vital signs in individuals undergoing third molar extractions.Study Design: One hundred sixty-eight individuals were evaluated at the pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods by checking systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature. Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Buccal mucosa cells were collected for genetic evaluation using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%.Results: The level of anxiety was associated with rs1800497 for STAI-Trait (P = .031) and rs174675 for STAI-State (P = .007). Considering the vital signs, there was a significant difference between the values of respiratory rate and rs1042173 (P = .029), rs3813034 (P = .024), and rs6275 (P = .025). The diastolic blood pressure values differed significantly for rs1042173 (P = .042), and the body temperature values differed significantly for rs174675 (P = .016).Conclusions: Polymorphisms in SLC6A4, DRD2, ANKK1, and COMT genes could be associated with alterations in anxiety levels and vital signs in individuals undergoing third molar extractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unicystic ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of the jaws. A 14-year-old female patient presented with a swelling located in the left jaw body. Panoramic radiograph disclosed a unilocular radiolucent lesion extending from midline mandibular to the left second molar tooth area. An exploratory punction revealed 4 mL of a yellowish fluid. Computed tomography demonstrated an extensive bone resorption tangent to the mandibular canal with expanded cortical bone, tooth displacement, and radicular resorption. The patient was initially submitted to incisional biopsy and a drain was installed. The histopathologic examination revealed unicystic ameloblastoma and with 4 months of decompression there was a decrease of lesion extension. Afterwards, under general anesthesia, the lesion was enucleated. A reconstruction plate was installed and removed after 1 year. After 5 years, 4 dental implants were installed, and the patient was rehabilitated with a fixed prosthesis. The patient is at 6-year follow-up with no signs of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign dysplastic disorder of bone development in which the normal bone matrix is replaced by fibroblastic proliferation. The aim of this case report is to report a case of a 12-year-old White male patient who was referred to an oral and maxillofacial surgery service with the main complaint of facial asymmetry and tumefaction in the right maxillo-zygomatic region. Physical examination, computed tomography, and incisional biopsy were performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of FD. A stereolithographic model was generated to manufacture a surgical guide. Osteoplasty was conducted under general anesthesia and the patient was follows up every 6 months after surgery. After 8 years of follow-up, a positive control of facial asymmetry, contour, and volume of bone affected were achieved. Final computed tomography showed that the maxilla and zygomatic bones increased in size and volume, with no compression of important structures and no functional damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the midline between the 2 maxillary central incisors, with varied morphology and undefined etiology, having a higher prevalence in mixed and permanent dentition of men and boys. This article reports a clinical case of a 7-year-old male patient that has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar affective disorder under control, and he had mixed dentition, malocclusion, regular oral hygiene, and normal periodontal aspects. His main complaint was pain in element 64. After clinical examination, the patient was diagnosed as having erupted conical mesiodens. The treatment plan was established by means of radiographic examinations, medical release report, and complete blood count for mesiodens extraction, element 64 pulpectomy, and dental restorations. The patient continued the dental treatment, returning 6 days after the extraction for suture removal, and he was posteriorly referred to orthodontic treatment to correct the malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying sequent calculi, proof theorists often have to prove properties about the systems, whether to show that they are "well-behaved", amenable to automated proof search, complete with respect to another system, consistent, among other reasons. These proofs usually involve many very similar cases, which leads to authors rarely writing them in full detail, only pointing to one or two more complicated cases. Moreover, the amount of details makes them more error-prone for humans. Computers, on the other hand, are very good at handling details and repetitiveness. In this work we have formalized textbook proofs of the meta-theory of sequent calculi for linear logic in Abella. Using the infrastructure developed, the proofs can be easily adapted to other substructural logics. We implemented rules as clauses in an intuitive and straightforward way, similar to logic programming, using operations on multisets for the explicit contexts. Although the proofs are quite big, they use only elementary reasoning principles, which makes the proof techniques fairly portable to other formal reasoning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a procedure allowing the extension of a CERES -based cut-elimination method to intuitionistic logic. Previous results concerning this problem manage to capture fragments of intuitionistic logic, but in many essential cases structural constraints were violated during normal form construction resulting in a classical proof. The heart of the CERES method is the resolution calculus, which ignores the structural constraints of the well known intuitionistic sequent calculi. We propose, as a method of avoiding the structural violations, the generalization of resolution from the resolving of clauses to the resolving of cut-free proofs, in other words, what we call proof resolution . The result of proof resolution is a cut-free proof rather than a clause. Note that resolution on ground clauses is essentially atomic cut, thus using proof resolution to construct cut-free proofs one would need to join the two proofs together and remove the atoms which where resolved. To efficiently perform this joining (and guarantee that the resulting cut-free proof is intuitionistic) we develop the concept of proof subsumption (similar to clause subsumption) and indexed resolution , a refinement indexing atoms by their corresponding positions in the cut formula. Proof subsumption serves as a tool to prove the completeness of the new method CERES -i, and indexed resolution provides an efficient strategy for the joining of two proofs which is in general a nondeterministic search. Such a refinement is essential for any attempt to implement this method. Finally we compare the complexity of CERES -i with that of Gentzen-based methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]