Search

Ultrathin nanorods self-assembled porous nanoflowers to form hierarchical mesoporous beta -manganese dioxide (β-MnO 2 ) with extremely high specific surface areas of >400 m 2  g −1 are fabricated in high yield at room temperature in a simple 1,2-butanediol/KMnO 4 system. As supercapacitor electrodes, specific capacitances of as-prepared β-MnO 2 nanoflowers can reach 500-430 F g −1 at a current density of 0.1 A g −1 in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolytes. And greatly enhanced rate capability of 66.4% at 20 A g −1 with a good cycling stability of 95.5% (10 A g −1 , after 5000 cycles) is obtained by reducing the particle size of β-MnO 2 nanoflowers with well-defined morphologies, which can be achieved by regulating the molar ratios of the reactants. In view of its easy preparation, the as-prepared β-MnO 2 is considered as a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitor electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental fates of cadmium (Cd) in the soil and groundwater systems largely depend on its adsorption isotherms and kinetic with the soil matrix. Combined with HYDRUS–1D software, batch and column studies were conducted in this study to investigate the adsorption and movement process of Cd in soil and groundwater systems. The results from static adsorption experiment indicated that the second order model and Langmuir model could provide the better description for adsorption behavior of Cd. The results from SEM –EDS and XPS analysis revealed that the main adsorption mechanism of Cd were ion exchange, complexation and precipitation. The results from Tessier's sequential extraction suggested that more Cd would be diffused to the deeper soils, since the higher percentage of Cd were found in the exchangeable fractions. The results from soil column experiments and numerical analyses demonstrated that standard convection–dispersion equation (CDE) could better describe Cd breakthrough curve (BTCs) of column adsorption than the other three solute transport models within HYDRUS–1D software. Noteworthy, the horizontal and vertical migration distance of Cd (II) reached about 8 m after 50,000 days and 10 m after 15,000 days, respectively, indicating the easily mobile Cd (II) might be eventually released from contaminated soils to groundwater. Based on the above results, this study not only provided a new insight into the migration mechanism of Cd in the soil and groundwater environment, but was also beneficial to formulating remediation strategies of contaminated sites. [Display omitted] • The mobility and transport of Cd were studied using experimental and numerical analysis. • Ion exchange, complexation and precipitation dominated Cd transport process. • The exchangeable Cd fraction were 62.6% and 35.5% for Soil 1 and Soil 2, respectively. • The transport behavior of Cd was better represented by CDE and Langmuir models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) pollution have drawn widespread attention. Synergistic control of ambient PM 2.5 pollution and CO 2 emission is the core concern of China's environmental protection at present and in the next stage. This study developed a systematical method for assessing the synergy between PM 2.5 pollution and CO 2 emission. The methods integrated the assessment of PM 2.5 -related health impact and social costs for CO 2 emission and the PM 2.5 -CO 2 synergy index assessment, supporting a comprehensive evaluation from the perspectives involving absolute quantitative socioeconomic impact and relative bivariate correlation. Furthermore, the synergy between PM 2.5 pollution and CO 2 emission in 336 Chinese cities is evaluated as a case study. The results show PM 2.5 pollution was associated with a total 1516.0 billion Yuan health loss in 336 Chinese cities 2020 while the social costs for CO 2 emission were 1081.1 billion Yuan. High PM 2.5 -related health impacts and CO 2 emission-related social costs mainly aggregated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas (BTHS), Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRD), and specific center cities. The synergies between PM 2.5 pollution and CO 2 emission were more significant in 2017 and 2018 and key cities. High synergies were observed in the BTHS, the northern part of YRD, the northwest, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cities. This study provides a multi-perspective and classifying idea to assess the CO 2 -PM 2.5 synergy while drawing a city-level map of China. The assessment, typological analysis, and synergistic control recommendations can be referenced by other countries that are bothered simultaneously by PM 2.5 pollution and CO 2 emission. [Display omitted] • An integrated assessing method for the synergy between PM 2.5 and CO 2 is developed. • Integrated impact of PM 2.5 pollution and CO 2 emission are assessed. • Synergy index is developed based on correlation coefficient. • An integrated assessment of PM 2.5 -CO 2 synergy for 336 Chinese cities is performed. • Typology analysis is performed to identify synergistic control focusing cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we reported the measured results of the antenna efficiency, sensitivity, and system noise temperature of the TM65m radio telescope. The key parameters describing a radio astronomy receiving system were introduced at first. Then, we discussed the measurement methods and the measuring errors. Finally, the measured results of the antenna efficiency, sensitivity, and system noise temperature performances at the L, S, C, and X bands were given. The results show that the efficiency and SEFD (System Equivalent Flux Density) decrease dramatically at both low and high elevations when the position of the subreflector is fixed. The antenna efficiencies at the C and X bands can be raised to 60% and more in the whole elevation range when the subreflector (servo) model is activated. The system noise temperature is independent to the subreflector model. Among the four wavebands, the C-band sensitivity and system noise temperature are optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smelter contaminated soils represent a recurrent hazard for human health, because of the possibility of potentially hazardous elements entering the soil–plant–human systems. This exploratory study was aimed to evaluate the potential bioavailability of anthropogenic elements based on the integrated analysis of mineralogical and geochemical approaches. The present results showed that Cd, Pb and Zn were enriched in soils around smelters. The bioavailable metal concentrations fluctuated greatly across a range of extractant and soil types, as well as metal contamination levels. Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were identified as more bio-available elements by various universal extractants, and their extractability patterns could be better described by the second order kinetic model. The mineralogical investigation indicated that after bioavailability extraction, the soil particles in the residues still presented O, Al, Si, and Fe as the main elements. The combined results of the geochemical and mineralogical analysis demonstrated that the complexing extractant (0.5 mol/L CH 3 COONH 4 and 0.02 mol/L EDTA) as more aggressive extractant was able to extract metal cations embedded within silicate lattices, and also by partially dissolving metal bound carbonate minerals, oxides and iron oxohydroxides. Therefore, the potential risks from Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn needed to be seriously concerned, due to their possible translocation from the rhizosphere soils into the local agricultural crops and residents. This study provided the valuable information about the risk assessment studies of smelter contaminated soils. [Display omitted] • Anthropogenic elements such as Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were identified using various universal extractants. • 0.5 mol/L CH 3 COONH 4 and 0.02 mol/L EDTA showed the higher metal extractability. • The release kinetic data of more bio-available elements were better fitted using the second order kinetic models. • The integrated analysis of mineralogical characterization provided new insight into metal bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic (As) was known as human carcinogen. It was therefore of great importance to better understanding the release behavior of arsenic in soils for managing and controlling the potential risks of smelter contaminated sites. The present work evaluated arsenic bioavailability and bioaccessibility, in combination with geochemical fractionation and valence analysis by X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and also investigated the release patterns of bioavailable and bioaccessible arsenic in soils. The present results showed that there was a significant variation in the bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions of arsenic, due to the great difference in soil properties, extractants types, and in vitro assays. Moreover, it was found that KH 2 PO 4 presented the relatively higher arsenic bioavailability with wide range of 9.89–25.5 %, which might better predict the arsenic bioavailability in soils than the other extractants. In addition, the relatively higher arsenic bioaccesibility was found in Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium (SBRC) assay, ranging from 5.50 to 67.4 % for gastric phase (GP) and 3.85–18.8 % for gastrointestinal phase (GIP), respectively. In addition, the time–dependent release of bioavailable arsenic was controlled by the competitive desorption between phosphate and As (V) ions, while the time–dependent release of bioaccessible arsenic was dominated by the stable complexation of organic ligands and the strong affinity of Al, Mn and Fe–(hydr) oxides. According to the study results, a new insight into the arsenic behavior was provided to more scientifically evaluate its contamination risks. [Display omitted] • The updated knowledge was provided for arsenic geochemical behavior in smelter soils. • KH 2 PO 4 was identified as the best extractant to assess the arsenic bioavailability. • SBRC showed the relatively higher arsenic bioaccessibility than PBET and IVG. • Arsenic desorption reaction was better explained by the pseudo second order model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Garze Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Sichuan province, China, 41 echinococciasis patients who had received surgical treatment were recruited in the study, and 82 health persons who had lived in Garze for at least 10 years were selected as controls. The serum levels of Zn, Se and Cu of the cases and controls were detected. The results showed that most echinococciasis cases were distributed in Shiqu county (17.1%, 7/41), and only 1 case was distributed in Yajiang county (2.4%). The male to female ratio of the cases was 1:1.56. The echinococciasis patients were mainly aged 30-39 years (36.59%, 15/41). And, the cases aged 20-49 years accounted for 68.29% (28/41). Compared with health controls, the serum levels of Zn and Se of the cases significantly declined. However, the serum level of Cu of the cases had no significantly change. It was confirmed that the serum levels of Zn and Se were interrelated with the prevalence of echinococciasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have indicated that anthropogenic activities are the dominant contributors of heavy metals migrated into soil environment, which result in an increased demand for soil remediation worldwide. Based on the scientific literature published between 2010 and 2020, a systematical review was provided for different types of stabilizing materials employed to remediate heavy metal polluted soils using chemical stabilization technology. It should be also noted that soil conditions, experiment types, element geochemistry, treatment time, as well as the types and rates of stabilizers, are the most important factors influencing metal stabilization performance. Moreover, the physicochemical and ecotoxicological methods used for the assessment of metal stabilization efficiency were comprehensively summarized. However, an important bottle-neck problem has not been resolved about whether the stabilization efficiency remains stable in the long-term remediation process, owing to various environmental factors, such as temperature variations, acid deposition and microbial activities. Finally, the key priority needs to be focused on developing an innovative, highly efficient and economically feasible in situ remediation technology, while establishing an integrated evaluation method assessing its long-term effectiveness. This study provides the latest knowledge on the development and applications of chemical stabilization remediation for heavy metal contaminated soils. [Display omitted] • Application cases of different materials used for heavy metal stabilization were comprehensively reviewed. • Various physicochemical and biological methods to evaluate the metal immobilization efficiency were summarized. • The limitations and future research perspectives of metal stabilization treatment were thoroughly discussed. • An integrated assessment method needs to be established for evaluating the long-term stabilization effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smelting slags must be classified as a typical hazardous solid, which represents the most important point sources of potentially harmful elements. In addition, it can be known that particle sizes have been considered as an important indicator of human exposure risks. In this context, the present work mainly concerned about the potential leachability, bioavailability, bioaccessibility and mobility of toxic heavy metals in four zinc smelting slag fractions under the strong influences of mineralogical and morphological factors. The results indicated that heavy metals were mostly enriched in the smallest particles, with the higher metal concentrations of 3558.19 g/t for As, 123.49 g/t for Cd, 6757.57 g/t for Cu, 1.76% for Pb and 1.78% for Zn. Geochemical evaluation revealed that Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn was the most worrying elements, due to their unstable geochemical properties. Moreover, XRD and SEM-EDS results confirmed the formation of gypsum (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) phase in 0.075–0.15 mm (SS3) and <0.075 mm (SS4) of the zinc smelting slags. The combined results of various characterization clearly showed the particle size distribution, surface morphological structure and mineral weathered state had a profound impact on the geochemical stability of heavy metals in the zinc smelting slags. These combined results of geochemical analysis and technical characterization could update our fundamental knowledge to better understand the mineralogical and morphological controls influencing the geochemical behaviors of heavy metals. Meanwhile, these study results would be of great scientific and realistic significance to develop effective targeted strategies for the subsequent pollution control and risk reduction of smelting wastes. [Display omitted] • Hazardous, microstructure and mineralogical characteristics were explored in depth. • Most metal concentrations increased with the size of smelting slag particles decreased. • Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were at more risks based on the geochemical assessment results. • Geochemical behavior of smelting slag is mainly controlled by mineralogical and morphological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing generation of toxic heavy metals from smelting activities poses significant threat to food safety, human health, and soil ecosystem, due to their unacceptable exposure risks and long term persistence. As a consequence, heavy metals in soils surrounding smelting areas are often known as causative contaminants for site remediation. According to an extensive review of the scientific literature (2010–2020), this study investigated the current pollution situation of heavy metals in soils near Chinese nonferrous metal smelters. Then, their main source approaches and health risk implications for soil remediation were discussed in detail. It should be noted that, inaccurate risk information would result in high remediation costs and unintended interventions. In addition, recent remediation progress for smelter contaminated sites were mainly introduced. By contrast, limited novel remediation approaches are currently available for stakeholders. Important considerations regarding site remediation technologies were further pointed out to highlight research gaps. Thus, more innovative studies need to be conducted for remediation enhancement of smelter sites. Lastly, this review concluded with an outlook of future research directions, which was expected be great helpful for the broad spectrum of researchers in this field. Image 1 • Heavy metal pollution in Chinese smelter contaminated soils were investigated. • Chemical metal fractions should be incorporated in an assessment of polluted sites. • Various technologies were compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantage. • Remediation progress for smelter sites were critically reviewed in recent decades. • Knowledge gaps were discussed and critical research perspectives were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution and climate change are issues of worldwide concern. Synergizing air pollution control and climate mitigation have been an important national policy of China. This study develops bivariate and integrated synergy indexes (BSI and ISI) to investigate the synergy states between air pollution and CO 2 emission. The synergy indexes are based on the correlation coefficient and established from exploiting the internal comparability of the data. Using the BSI and ISI , we evaluated the correlation and synergy states between air pollution (involving ambient PM 2.5 and ozone) and CO 2 emission in Chinese cities from 2015 to 2020. The results present the city-level trends and heterogeneities of synergy between air pollution and CO 2 emission. The averaged value of BSI PM2.5-ozone , BSI PM2.5-CO2 , and BSI ozone-CO2 for all cities and assessing years were −0.239, −0.291, and −0.242, indicating a generally and globally weak synergy. The synergy states between air pollution and CO 2 emission were relatively significant and complex in specific regions. Combined with the local spatial association and decoupling analysis, we further identified the primary variables and key areas for synergistic control. This study provides a systematic idea and case demonstration for city-level synergy assessment through transforming and expanding the data usage capacity. The method and process are applicable to various scales and regions, which would be of reference value for synergy assessments in other countries and regions. [Display omitted] • We developed the bivariate and integrated synergy indexes. • We evaluated the synergy between air pollution and CO 2 emission at the city-level. • Local spatial association and decoupling analysis supported the synergy assessment. • Most Chinese cities show insignificant synergy of air pollution and CO 2. • BTHS, YRD, and the JJAH are key areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method to establish the pointing model of the 65-meter radio telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (TM65 m) is described. The single-point data are collected by means of “cross scan”, then, they are fitted with a model including both the Gaussian and nonlinear terms. It is also simulated and analyzed how the antenna beam is broadened in the scanning process because of the angular size of a source. And the orbit prediction of sources is used to improve the modelling efficiency. Finally, an eight-parameter pointing model is built after fitting all the collected single-point errors. It is verified that the model works well in the X band and other low-frequency bands, the pointing accuracy at the X band attains 12.36 arcsec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At first, the receiving system of the Tianma 65m radio telescope (TM65m in brief) and its noise characteristics at the L, S, C, and X four frequency bands are described. Then, a few measuring methods of system noise temperature are discussed, and the major factors affecting the noise temperature measurement are analyzed, including the errors caused by the non-linearity, feed network insertion loss, mismatch, and so on. With the Y-factor method the noise temperature of the noise source calibrated in the laboratory is verified, indicating that its accuracy attains ∼0.2K. Finally, the system noise temperatures actually measured at the four frequency bands and an analysis on the result are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Self-rooted, 10-month-old, uniform tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Huangguanyin] plants were supplied with 0, 40, 80, 160, 400 or 1000μM phosphorus (P) for 17weeks to determine how P-deficiency affects the quality of green tea. Leaf P concentration increased with increasing P supply. Whole plant dry weight (DW) increased as P supply increased from 0 to 160μM, then remained little changed with further increasing P supply. The P-deficient green tea displayed decreased concentrations of water extract, total polyphenols, flavonoids, total free amino acids, theanine (Thea) and asparagic acid (Asp)+glutamic acid (Glu), increased concentrations of water soluble sugars, valine (Val), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline (Pro) and cysteine (Cys), and ratio of total polyphenols to total free amino acids, but unchanged concentrations of total catechins and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In conclusion, the sensory and biochemical qualities of green tea were lowered by P-deficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Self-rooted, 10-month-old, uniform tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Huangguanyin] plants were supplied for 17 weeks with 0, 40, 80, 160, 400, or 1000μM phosphorus (P) to investigate the effects of P supply on root citrate and malate release, the concentrations of malate and citrate and the activities of acid-metabolizing enzymes in leaves and roots. Root malate release and accumulation was induced by both 0 and 40μM P, while root citrate release and accumulation was induced only by 0μM P. Phosphorus-deficiency-induced malate and citrate release coincided with higher concentrations of root malate and citrate. The higher concentrations of malate and citrate were accompanied by increased activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase (PEPP), citrate synthase (CS) and NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and decreased activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), NADP-ME and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH) in roots. In contrast to roots, malate accumulated in the leaves only in response to 0μM P, and no change was observed in citrate levels. The P-deficiency-induced leaf malate accumulation coincided with increased activities of NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PK. Overall, the P-deficiency-induced changes in organic acid (OA) metabolism differed between roots and leaves. The high tolerance of tea plants to P-deficiency might be involved in two major processes: (a) increasing the availability of P by inducing root release of OA anions; and (b) improving the ability to use P efficiently by inducing bypass enzymes involved in tissue P economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hollow Ag/Pd nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by a galvanic displacement reaction, in which a small amount of Pd(NO3)2 is allowed to react with previously synthesized Ag nanoparticles that act as templates. The resulting hollow Ag/Pd (Ag/Pdhollow) nanoparticles are found to be icosahedral and decahedral in structure. The kinetics of electroless copper deposition (ECD) catalyzed by these bimetallic (Ag/Pdhollow) nanoparticles are analyzed using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The results reveal that these Ag/Pdhollow nanoparticles have better catalytic activities than monometallic Ag and Pd nanoparticles. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of these hollow nanoparticles in the ECD bath can be controlled by tuning their alloy ratios in a suitable manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan Period (2016–2020), China has made great efforts to control the air pollution in its most polluted regions: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions (BTHS) and Fen-Wei Plain (FWP). This study assesses the PM 2.5 - and ozone-related health impacts in BTHS and FWP cities from 2015 to 2020. Results show the PM 2.5 -health impact of BTHS and FWP cities decreased by 17.14% between 2015 and 2020, the ozone-related health impact increased over 90% contemporaneously. Significant health risk improvements mainly occurred in 2017 and 2018, showing efficient air pollution prevention and control. Health impacts in BTHS cities have been higher than in FWP cities. Air pollution problem analysis shows BTHS has strictly investigated and dealt with the problems, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei cities. Health benefits by achieving two concentration targets (of PM 2.5 and ozone) from 2021 to 2025 are evaluated. The achievement of aggressive and general concentration targets will help continue the decline of PM 2.5 -related health impacts and reverse the growth of ozone-related health impacts. The present study could support controlling the health risks attributable to PM 2.5 and ozone pollution in BTHS and FWP cities, especially for developing two-pollutant concentration targets and collaborative control strategy. • PM 2.5 - and O 3 -related health impacts in BTHS and FWP are assessed from 2015 to 2020. • O 3 -related health impact in BTHS and FWP increased more than 90% between 2015 and 2020. • We estimate the health benefits from achieving two concentration targets by 2025. • Air pollution problem analysis shows industrial pollution prevention is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little information is available on the occurrence patterns of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) controlling their release behaviors, according to the results from leaching tests, multidisciplinary characterization and geochemical modeling. In this study, the occurrence characteristics of PTEs were dentified by combining Tessier results with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mineral liberation analyzer (MLA) and their main release mechanisms were elucidated based on geochemical modeling results from PHREEQC software. The results indicated that 0–17.69% of As, 0–27.90% of Pb and 0–82.17% of Zn were hosted in the non–reactive silicate minerals, respectively, while 82.31–100 % of As, 0–100 % of Pb and 17.82–100% of Zn were hosted in the reactive minerals, respectively. Among these studied metals, 45.78–81.73% of Cd was mainly associated with the labile fractions. PTEs presented highly pH and acidity–dependent leaching characteristics. Acidification prediction results indicated that soil pH could decrease to a value of 6 within a wide time range of 15–388 years. PTEs release were mainly controlled by the dissolution of metal–rich oxide and carbonate mineral phases, as well as the adsorption/desorption and co–precipitation/dissolution of Fe, Mn and Al bearing oxyhydroxide minerals and the complexation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). These findings would extend the knowledge to the scenario based leaching assessment studies of smelter contaminated soils. [Display omitted] • The occurrence patterns of PTEs were identified using XPS, MLA and Tessier analyses. • The reactive oxide and oxyhydroxide minerals most coexisted with As, Cd, Pb and Zn. • The dissolution and co–precipitation of mineral phases mainly controlling PTEs release. • When the acidification of site soils to pH = 6, the time was estimated to 15–388 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess whether intra- and inter-atrial conduction delay could predict atrial fibrillation (AF) for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) patients after successful treatment by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Echocardiography examination was performed on 524 consecutive PSVT patients (15 patients were excluded). Left atrial dimension, right atrial diameter and intra- and inter-atrial conduction delay were measured before ablation. Patients were divided into group A (n = 32): occurrence of AF after the ablation and group B (n = 477): remained in sinus rhythm during follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to estimate the predictive value of intra- and inter-atrial conduction delay. Both intra- and inter-atrial conduction delay were higher in group A than in group B (4.79 ± 0.30 msec vs. 4.56 ± 0.32 msec; 21.98 ± 1.32 msec vs. 20.01 ± 1.33; p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that intra- and inter-atrial conduction were significant influential factors for the occurrence of AF (odds ratio [OR] = 13.577, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.469–48.914; OR = 2.569, 95% CI, 1.909−3.459, p < 0.05). The ROC cure analysis revealed that intra-atrial conduction delay ≥ 4.45 msec and inter-atrial conduction delay ≥ 20.65 were the most optimal cut-off value for predicting AF in PSVT patients after RFCA. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that the intra- and inter-atrial conduction delay could effectively predict AF in post-ablation PSVT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three coordination polymers 1, 2 and 3 have been synthesized in DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), DMA (N,N-dimethylacetamide) and NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), respectively. In 1, DMF solvent molecule coordinates to zinc ion as an ancillary ligand, and 1D chain structure is obtained. 2 and 3 are isostructural, in which solvent molecules, DMA and NMP, do not coordinate to zinc ions, and 1D double stranded chain structures are formed. The coordination steric hindrance of the solvents is suggested as the decisive factor of the assemblies. Crystallography and thermoanalysis reveal that 2 and 3 are more stable and also include more guest solvent molecules than 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ag/Pd triangular nanoshells of different sizes are prepared for catalyzing electroless copper deposition. As supported by the analysis of quartz crystal microbalance and mixed potential theory, the alloy nanoshells can be successfully used as new activators and have the excellent activity for electroless copper bath. For a comparison of deposition rates with a system of triangular Ag/Pd nanoshells, the large Ag/Pd nanoshell is found to have the maximum activity toward electroless bath. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two supramolecular isomers of MnII thiophenedicarboxylate coordination polymers, namely, [Mn2(tdc)2(dmf)2] n (1) and [Mn3(tdc)3(dmf)3] n (2) (H2tdc=2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid, dmf= N,N-dimethylformamide), were synthesized with solvent-induced assembly method and the antiferromagnetic interactions between the MnII ions in their solid phase were measured. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An integrated and quantitative evaluation method based on soil pollution, land use, risk receptor vulnerability, and risk source was developed to assess soil risk in a de-industrialized area. A case study was conducted to understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil risk, and the resulting comprehensive soil risk values ranged from 128.24 to 2,3670.50 in 2008 and from 104.08 to 3,8421.70 in 2015. However, this overall increase was inconsistent with the soil pollution trend. The extended Pearson correlation coefficient (ePCC) was calculated for 39,655 extracted data points to comprehensively characterize the risks associated with soil pollution. The ePCC was greater than 1 in most developed and undeveloped blocks, indicating that comprehensive soil risks in these regions were relatively stable and less affected by changes in soil pollution status upon de-industrialization. The ePCC was lower than 0.99 in approximately 35.23% of the study area blocks, where changes in human-land relationships were strong. This study highlighted the complexity of risk characteristics and trends after de-industrialization. Therefore, more precise and regionalized soil risk management methods based on comprehensive risk assessment procedures are required in de-industrialized areas. Image 1 • Integrated soil risk assessed in de-industrialization area in characteristic years. • High-value areas of soil risk were stabilized in urbanized and industrialized area. • Impact of industrial risk source persists in typical de-industrialization area. • Comprehensive assessment highlighted the impact of human-land relationship on risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]