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• Kish graphite (KG) was enriched and purified by the flotation-acid leaching process. • The optimized dosage of flotation reagent was obtained for KG. • KG-derived products can be used as anode materials for LIB. • An industrial-grade recycling and utilization path of kish graphite was proposed. Kish graphite is a typical byproduct of steel production, and its enrichment and purification are essential prerequisites for its high value and comprehensive utilization. To solve the problem of recovery and application of difficult-to-treat kish graphite with a small particle size obtained from metallurgical dust, kish graphite in blast furnace tapping yard dust was effectively enriched and purified by a comprehensive flotation-acid leaching treatment process in this study. The influence of the flotation agents on the flotation process was explored. The results showed that the optimized flotation agent dosage was 500.0 g·t−1 (collector) and 120.0 g·t−1 (frother), respectively. Based on the optimized flotation scheme, a graphite concentrate (FG) with 79.12 % carbon content and 93.5 % carbon recovery was obtained. After the leaching treatment with a HCl-HF mixed acid solution, the carbon content of the graphite concentrate increased to 95.55 %. The I D /I G value of the graphite concentrate was 0.145, and the average lattice spacing was approximately 0.3354 nm. The SEM results showed that the leaching-treated graphite concentrate (AFG) had a loose, fragment-like structure. When used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, The AFG still provided a high reversible capacity of ∼370 mAh·g−1 and excellent coulombic efficiency of 99.6 % after 350 cycles. In addition, an industrial-grade recycling and utilization path for kish graphite based on a circular supply chain strategy was proposed. The results of this study may serve as a conceptual basis for the recovery and application of kish graphite from metallurgical dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Physicochemical structure and combustion behavior of carbon deposits were studied. • The lower layer carbon deposits gradually graphitized, with a maximum of 83.42%. • The comprehensive combustion performance of middle layer with more pores was best. • Heating rate and airflow could enhance linearly the reaction rate of carbon deposits. • The activation energy of the lower layer was the largest at 187.60–269.67 kJ/mol. In the context of carbon neutrality, the widespread application of waste heat recovery systems in steel production is crucial for energy conservation and emission reduction. This study investigates the formation and combustion removal mechanisms of carbon deposits in coke oven risers during waste heat recovery by analyzing the physicochemical structure, combustion behavior, and kinetics of different layers. The results revealed that lower temperatures near the tube wall produced higher volatile content in the lower layer. Over time, the carbon deposits gradually graphitized from bottom to top. Under long-term heating and iron catalysis, the lower carbon deposits showed a higher order degree and poorer combustion performance. The middle layer, characterized by more pores formed during polycondensation, exhibited a larger specific surface area than other samples and burned slightly faster than the upper layer. Increasing heating and airflow rates could linearly enhance the combustion efficiency of carbon deposits. The random pore model accurately described the combustion process of the upper and middle layers, whereas the multi-stage weight loss in lower deposits aligned better with a multi-stage reaction random pore model. This research could further strengthen the understanding of carbon deposits in the riser and improve the removal effect, thereby promoting waste heat recovery from coke oven gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-seven compounds, including six new iridoids, valeransins A−F (1 − 6), were isolated from the n -BuOH soluble fraction of Valeriana jatamansi. Structurally, compounds 1 and 2 are rare 8, 11-epoxy iridoids, and their absolute configuration was determined based on their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. In addition, compounds 5 and 24 exhibited significant anti-influenza virus activities, with IC 50 values of 7.23 and 19.83 μM, respectively. Additionally, compound 24 showed inhibition of NO production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells, with an IC 50 value of 27.22 μM. [Display omitted] • Six new iridoids, valeransins A−F, were isolated from Valeriana jatamansi. • Valeransins A and B are two rare 8, 11-epoxy iridoids. • Valeransin E and ferulaldehyde showed significant anti-influenza virus activities. • Ferulaldehyde exhibited inhibitory effect on NO production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen-rich gas injection, which has garnered widespread attention from academia and industry, is an effective method for reducing CO 2 emissions during the sintering process and for improving sinter quality. Coalbed methane (CBM) is a cost-effective and reliable hydrogen-rich gas resource in China. In this study, we investigated the injection effect of CBM in assisting iron ore sintering. Additionally, we determined the appropriate injection parameters by systematic sintering pot tests and compared it with coke oven gas (COG). The impacts of CBM injection on pollutant abatement and combustion efficiency were analyzed based on the variations in the sintering flue gas composition, and a comprehensive economic evaluation was conducted. The results showed that injecting 0.51 vol% CBM between 5 and 13 min after ignition with 0.3 wt% coke breeze ratio reduction could significantly improve the sintering index and the uniformity of heat distribution within the sinter bed. Excessive injection would affect the bed permeability. CBM took advantage over COG at a gas–solid heat transfer ratio of 1:1.28. The four-stage cascade mode with a gradient of 0.18 vol% and the intermittent mode with an intermittent time of 0.5 min could optimize the injection effect. However, the cascade mode performed better. Besides, injecting CBM increased the emission reduction rates of CO and NO x and improved combustion efficiency by 5.72%, 4.47%, and 1.46%, respectively. Overall, the cost-savings were CNY 2.19 per ton sinter, and the annual production cost could be reduced by approximately CNY 6.71 million for a 265 m2 sintering machine. The profits achieved because of CBM injection can be further improved by increasing the bed permeability and mixed injecting with other gas media. This study provides an effective path for green transformation of sintering production. • Coalbed methane injection was applied for assisting iron ore sintering in this study. • The suitable gas-solid heat transfer ratio of coalbed methane injection was 1:1.28. • The cascade or intermittent injection modes can further improve the injection effect. • The emission reduction rate of CO and NO x increased by 5.72% and 4.47% separately. • The saved cost of coalbed methane assisted sintering reached CNY 2.19 per ton sinter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Seventeen alkaloids were isolated from the aerial parts of Sophora tonkinensis. • All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. • Compounds 3 , 4 , 13 , and 14 were shown to have moderate anti-inflammatory effects. Seventeen quinolizidine alkaloids, including two new ones, 5-hydoxy-7,11-dehydromatrine (1) and 11-hydroxylupanine (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Sophora tonkinensis. The structures of the isolates were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR analyses, as well as HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data. The anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated. Compounds 3 , 4 , 13 , and 14 were shown to have moderate anti-inflammatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two new norsesquiterpenoid derivatives were isolated from Laggera pterodonta. • All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. • Compounds 8 , 10 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 21 , and 23 were shown to have obvious anti-inflammatory effects. A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Laggera pterodonta resulted in the isolation and identification of 23 compounds, including twelve sesquiterpenoids (1 – 12), two norisoprenoids (13 , 14), three alkaloids (15 - 17), one lignan (18), and five flavonoids (19 - 23). Among them, norpterodonols A (1) and B (2) are two undescribed norsesquiterpenoid derivatives. Their structures were established on the basis of NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analysis. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, and compounds 8 , 10 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 21 , and 23 were shown to have obvious anti-inflammatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two undescribed lavandulylated acylphloroglucinols were isolated from Sophora flavescens. • All isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities. • Compound 1 exhibited the moderate NO inhibitory effects with IC 50 = 26.35 ± 0.45 μ M. • Compound 1 showed moderate anti-tumor activity against HepG2 cell lines. A phytochemical investigation on the roots of Sophora flavescens resulted in the isolation of two undescribed lavandulylated acylphloroglucinols, flavescenols A (1) and B (2), together with biogenetically related analogues (3 – 6). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analysis. Since flavescenols represent the first example of lavandulylated acylphloroglucinols, the biogenetical relationship of compounds 1 - 6 is proposed. In addition, all isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cell lines and inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four new quinolizidine alkaloids were isolated from Sophora viciifolia. • The structures of new compounds were elucidated by NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. • Anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza virus activities of isolates were evaluated. Four new quinolizidine alkaloids, including three matrine-type alkaloids, 8 α -hydroxysophocarpine (1), 13 β -hydroxyoxymatrine (2), 9 α -acetoxymatrine (3), and one sparteine-type alkaloid, 14 β -hydroxylupanine (4), together with four known ones, were isolated from the flowers of Sophora viciifolia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. All of the isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza virus activities. Unfortunately, none of them were active towards these assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new neo-clerodane diterpenoids scutegxbatine A-F (1–6), were isolated from the aerial part of Scutellaria barbata. • Six new and thirteen known neo -clerodane diterpenoids were isolated from S. barbata. • The structures of 1 - 6 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. • Compounds 3 , 7 , 12 , and 15 reversed drug resistance of HepG2/Adr cells to Adriamycin. Bioassay-guided isolation of the aerial part of Scutellaria barbata (Labiatae) yielded six new neo -clerodane diterpenoids scutegxbatines A–F (1 - 6), together with thirteen known analogues (7 - 20). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 3 , 7 , 12 , and 15 at 20 μ mol/L were able to reverse multi-drug resistance of HepG2/Adr cells to adriamycin (reversal fold: 5.2–20.3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three new iridoids, jatamanins V–X, were isolated from Valeriana jatamansi. • Jatamanins V and W were a pair of C-4 diastereomers. • All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against glioma stem cells. Three new 3,8-epoxy iridoids, jatamanins V–X (1 - 3), and three known ones (4 - 6), were obtained from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi. The structures of 1 - 3 were determined through their NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were a pair of C-4 diastereomers. Additionally, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against glioma stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Six new ent -abietane diterpenoids were isolated from Euphorbia neriifolia. • The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HR-MS analysis. • Anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza virus activities of isolates were evaluated. Nine ent -abietane diterpenoids (1 - 9), including six new compounds, eupnerias A–F (1 - 6), were isolated from Euphorbia neriifolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR analysis and high resolution mass spectrometry. Biological activities of these isolates towards anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza virus were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Two new prenylflavanones, sophoraflavanones M (1) and N (2), were isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. • The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by extensive NMR techniques and CD spectra. • Compound 5 exhibited moderate anti-influenza virus activity, with EC 50 value of 43.9 μM. Abstract In the ongoing investigation of bioactive compounds from the roots of Sophora flavescens , six prenylflavanones, including two new ones, sophoraflavanones M (1) and N (2), were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data. In addition, compound 5 exhibited moderate anti-influenza virus activity, with EC 50 value of 43.9 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in the demand for synthetic graphite, higher requirements are put forward for the clean production of synthetic graphite. In this study, a simple and environmentally friendly electrochemical conversion method was used to convert anthracite with an aromatic polymer structure into graphite. The effects of different voltages, temperatures, and time on the transition from anthracite to graphite were explored. The micromorphology, structural defects, and graphitization of the products were characterized by multi-scale characterization. The results show that the graphite product AG7 obtained by electrolysis for 9 h at 2.6 V and 950 °C has a petal-like graphite sheet structure and highly graphitized structure. Using AG7 as the anode material of lithium battery, the reversible capacity can still reach 400 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles at a current density of 0.2C. Molten salt electrolysis is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for producing synthetic graphite, which realizes anthracite's clean and high-value utilization. • Anthracite was converted into flake graphite by molten salt electrolysis. • The effects of voltage, temperature, and time on the transition were explored. • The removal law of oxygen element in the electrolysis process was clarified. • Anthracite-derived graphite can be used as anode materials for LIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of Petasites japonicus and Petasites tricholobus led to the isolation of five new bakkenolide-type sesquiterpenoids, bakkenolide-Ib ( 1 ), bakkenolide-IIb ( 2 ), bakkenolide-IIIb ( 3 ), bakkenolide-IVb ( 4 ), and bakkenolide-Vb ( 5 ), and a new eremophilane-type norsesquiterpenoid, petasindiol ( 6 ). Their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Petasindiol ( 6 ) represented the first example of 15-noreremophilane sesquiterpenoid from the genus Petasites . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retro-Diels-Alder reaction (rDA) has been widely used as a common modification approach for expanding functional applications of polymers. Especially, it has become an effective method of current cross-linking chemistry. With the goal of designing a cross-linkable PET-based copolyester toward flame retardancy and anti-dripping during combustion, dimethyl 5-(1,3-dioxo-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1 H -4,7-methanoisoindol-2(3 H )-yl) isophthalate (DMTMI) was incorporated as the functional co-monomer into PET chains via random transesterification polycondensation. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and rheological studies demonstrated the existence of cross-linking behavior at high temperature. By controlling the co-monomer content, expected flame retardancy was obtained, as illustrated by the results from the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. Furthermore, LOI values increased firstly and then decreased with the content of DMTMI increased, which was related to the existence of rDA reaction, and further proposed that a competitive relationship between the release of inflammable cyclopentadiene during rDA reaction and cross-linking behavior occurred in combustion. The hypothesis was verified through pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures between women and men in China.Patients and Methods: The sample was composed of all patients who sustained maxillofacial fractures during a 10-year period (2000 through 2009). Incidences, age distributions, etiologies, fracture patterns, associated injuries, and occupation distributions were recorded and analyzed. Data analysis included the χ(2) test, the Fisher exact test, and the t test. A P value less than .05 was considered significant.Results: There were 1,131 patients (881 male and 250 female) who sustained maxillofacial fractures, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.5:1. Male patients sustained injuries most frequently during the autumn (P = .048), whereas female patients sustained more maxillofacial injuries during the summer (P = .006). Men sustained motorcycle (P = .023) and assault-related accidents (P = .036) more frequently than women, whereas women were more frequently injured in bicycle-related accidents (P < .001) or falling while at ground level (P = .001) than men. Women presented more frequently with condylar fracture than men (P = .028), whereas men were more prone to symphysis fractures than women (P = .037). For drivers, only men were involved (P = .001). Male workers sustained maxillofacial fractures more frequently than female workers (P < .001). Female children, students, and company staff were more prone to maxillofacial fractures than their male counterparts (P = .010, P = .004, and P = .044 respectively).Conclusions: The demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in female patients considerably differ from those in male patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Computer-assisted navigation has been widely used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The purpose of this study was to describe the applications of computer-assisted navigation for the minimally invasive reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fractures. Patients and Methods All patients identified as having isolated zygomatic arch fractures presenting to the authors' department from April 2013 through November 2014 were included in this prospective study. Minimally invasive reductions of isolated zygomatic arch fractures were performed on these patients under the guidance of computer-assisted navigation. The reduction status was evaluated by postoperative computed tomography (CT) 1 week after the operation. Postoperative complications and facial contours were evaluated during follow-up. Functional recovery was evaluated by the difference between the preoperative maximum interincisal mouth opening and that at the final follow-up. Results Twenty-three patients were included in this case series. The operation proceeded well in all patients. Postoperatively, all patients displayed uneventful healing without postoperative complication. Postoperative CT showed exact reduction in all cases. Satisfactory facial contour and functional recovery were observed in all patients. The preoperative maximal mouth opening ranged from 8 to 25 mm, and the maximal mouth opening at the final follow-up ranged from 36 to 42 mm. Conclusions Computer-assisted navigation can be used not only for guiding zygomatic arch fracture reduction, but also for assessing reduction. Computer-assisted navigation is an effective and minimally invasive technique that can be applied in the reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatographic separation of an extract of the aerial part of Elsholtzia bodinieri resulted in the isolation of three new 18,19- seco -ursane glycosides, bodiniosides E-G ( 1 – 3 ). Their structures were elucidated as 2α,12β,23-trihydroxy-3-(β- d -glucopyranosyl)-19-oxo-18,19- seco -urs-13(18)-en-28- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl ester ( 1 ), 3-β- d -glucopyranosyl-19-β- d -glucopyranosyl-12β,21-dihydroxy-18,19- seco -urs-13(18)-en-28-oic acid ( 2 ), and 2α,12β,21-trihydroxy-3-β- d -glucopyranosyl-19-β- d -glucopyranosyl-18,19- seco -urs-13(18)-en-28-oic acid ( 3 ), respectively, by extensive NMR techniques, including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, as well as comparing with spectral data with those of the known analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new diterpenoids, 2α,16α-hydroxy- ent -kauran-19,20-olide ( 1 ), isopimara-8(14),15-diene-11β,19-diol ( 2 ), isopimara-8(14),15-diene-12α,19-diol ( 3 ), and 3-oxo-14,15-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-19-ol ( 4 ), along with seven known compounds ( 5 – 11 ) were isolated from Tripterygium hypoglaucum . Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Triptolide ( 5 ) and 2-epitripdiolide ( 6 ) showed significant cytotoxicity against A549, DU145, KB, KBvin and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC 50 values of 0.0012–0.1306 μM in vitro . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]