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• A green disposal method for waste smartphone protective film was developed. • Hydrolysis of PAA to alcohol products favored the separation of PAA from PET. • PAA removal efficiency was over 97.2 % during continuous bench-scale test. • A net profit margin of 647 % for the second year was predicted. • Pyrolysis product of waste PAA showed adsorption capacity toward organics. The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories (e.g., waste smartphone protective film (WSPF)), possessing immense potential for recycling. However, available recycling technologies have limitations such as substrate damage and secondary pollutant generation. The present study aimed to develop a green disposal method that not only recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from WSPF, but also reused the stripped polyacrylate (PAA) adhesive as an adsorbent to reduce solid waste generation. When the WSPF was treated in 1 mol/L NaOH solution at 90 °C, the PAA hydrolyzed to two main by-products of 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol, weakening the binding strength between PAA and PET and then efficient separation of them. Further bench-scale test revealed that over 97.2% of detachment efficiency toward PAA was achieved during continuous treatment of 17 batches of WSPF (200 g for each) without supplement of NaOH and generation of wastewater. Meanwhile, the economic evaluation indicated that the recycling method would generate a net profit margin of 647% for the second year without considering the incurrence of new cost and input. Additionally, the pyrolysis of waste PAA enabled its conversion into potential adsorbent, which showed 2 to 4 times enhanced adsorption capacity toward styrene and ethyl acetate after modification with NaOH solution. This study provides a green method for recycling waste plastics and inspires a referable solution for solid waste treatment in the smartphone industry. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor was established for zearalenone (ZEN) detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between aptamer-modified CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as donor and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as acceptor. The fluorescence of CdTe QDs quenched by AuNPs based on FRET, while Si QDs with blue fluorescence as reference. The aptamer-modified CdTe QDs were adsorbed to ZEN in the presence of ZEN, and the distance between the energy receptor and the donor increased, which prevented the FRET and led to the fluorescence recovering of CdTe QDs. The aptasensor exhibited a limit of detection of 3.5 pg/mL with a linear range of 0.01–100 ng/mL. In addition, a portable detection device was constructed by integrating with smartphone for point-of-care testing (POCT) of ZEN with satisfactory results, which could provide a promising application for visual POCT of ZEN in cereals. • A FRET-based ratiometric aptasensor was developed for detection of ZEN. • The aptasensor exhibited a low LOD and a wide linear range. • Visualization and point-of-care testing of ZEN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of various forms of ICTs (information communication technology) such as mobile telephones can foster the socio-economic progression of developing countries. Contextually appropriate design and use are needed for ICTs to deliver value to various parties within the socio-economic spheres of developing countries who have different needs and wants compared to those of the developed world. There is however scant empirical evidence of how various stakeholders symbiotically interact and create value in developing countries where large multinationals have limited access and engagement. Drawing on the theoretical lens of co-creation of value our paper examines how technology upgrading is achieved in the context of the Bangladeshi mobile telephone industry. In doing so this paper suggests technology upgrading can be achieved even without some of the key prerequisites such as financial, institutional, infrastructural facilities cited in existing literature. The findings offer useful theoretical and policy implications by providing deeper understanding of the interactions and inter-relationships of those who have involvement in the value creation for mobile telephony and contribute to the development of effective business models and technological innovations for these marketplaces. • Small and medium firms co-create value and contribute to technology upgrading. • Technology upgrading is possible with minimum initiative from large multinationals. • Technology upgrading is possible without financial, institutional & infrastructural facilities. • Government regulations and support can make technology upgrading more efficient. • Technology upgrading and ICT for development complement each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • EVAPO is the state-of-the-art app applied in agricultural or hydrological problems. • EVAPO is an app ready-to-use in practical situations where there is a scarcity of water. • EVAPO app is reliable because uses Penman-Monteith method to estimate potential evapotranspiration worldwide. Abstract In this study a new android app for smartphones to estimate potential evapotranspuration (PET) in real time, using gridded data from NASA-POWER, to any location in the world, would result in a more efficient irrigation and increase irrigation water conservation. The smartphone app called EVAPO uses meteorological data to calculate PET using the Penman–Monteith (FAO56) method. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, we compared PET estimated by the EVAPO with that estimated from climatic data from conventional surface meteorological stations. The accuracy, tendency and precision of the models were determined using the Willmott et al. (1985) concordance index (d), systematic root mean square error (RMSEs) and determination index (R2), respectively. The results obtained were satisfactory for all studied locations whit mean values of 0.67, 0.95 (mm) and 0.72 for d, RMSEs and R2, respectively. The app can be accessed in the Play Store (free): https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=br.com.maldonado.instantet0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work studies a two-member supply chain (that deals in smart phones) consisting of the manufacturer (positioned upstream) and the telecom service provider (positioned downstream). Customers can purchase smart phone handset and service either separately from the two members (free channel) or as a package (bundled channel) from either of the members. The smart phone manufacturer invests in the greening improvement of the product and the customers are sensitive to the greening improvement level. The study considers three power structures for the bundled channel (Manufacturer is the Stackelberg leader - MS, Telecom Service Provider is the Stackelberg leader – TS, and where both the players possess equal power i.e. Vertical Nash- VN) to characterize the optimal decisions of the manufacturer – the smart phone handset unit retail price, the greening improvement level and the optimal decision of the telecom service provider – the amount of subsidy to pay to the handset manufacturer. The novelty of this study comes from the insights derived from the analysis of the green smart phone supply chain. The supply chain player with superior power earns more profit but is dependent on a condition that is a function of greening investment by the manufacturer, customer sensitivity to greening improvement level and customer sensitivity to prices. Also under similar conditions, the study shows that the balanced power structure (VN) is best for the supply chain i.e. supply chain profits are the highest. The insights derived from analysing the impact of greening investment and customer sensitivity to greening on the optimal subsidy amount are new and have not been studied before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to accelerate the discovery of product innovation ideas is critical for manufacturers with short life cycles, such as smartphones. Companies with short product lifespans require innovative strategies to improve their products based on customer needs. Three-dimensional concurrent engineering (3DCE) has the potential to speed up the process of developing new products. On the other side, the availability of online data, such as social media and intellectual property, has the potential to identify and prioritize product, technology, and supplier opportunities in a cost-effective, quick, and real-time manner. This study proposes an online data-driven concurrent product, process, and supply chain design (3DCE) for linking customer requirements to potential technology and supplier opportunities in early-stage new product development. Three case studies on the leading smartphone industry demonstrate the proposed method's feasibility and effectiveness. To identify customer requirements, opinions from social media data are collected. Product opportunities are developed using latent Dirichlet allocation to identify product topics and sentiment analysis to assess satisfaction levels. Then, a novel approach by association rule mining is developed to mine specific customer requirements for each promising topic. In the 3DCE approach, the potential technology and supplier opportunities are tailored to specific customer requirements based on intellectual property mining. Finally, this study discovers improvement ideas and potential alternative solutions for product development with an unsupervised approach. The proposed method has also been validated and aligns with successful innovation products by Apple, Samsung, and Huawei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on mining data collected from smartphones has received tremendous interests in the past few years. While significant research efforts have been made on mining various smartphone data, such as GPS trajectories, app usage logs, and accelerator readings, the issue of mining Wi-Fi SSID (Service Set IDentifier) logs was not well explored. The SSID of a Wi-Fi access point is normally a human-readable string, which is typically named by the owner of the Wi-Fi network. Extracting and leveraging information encoded in SSIDs are crucial for a better understanding of the smartphone data. In this study, we investigate the problem of inferring location type of a given SSID , i.e., associating an SSID with a location type, such as a workplace or a shop, where the Wi-Fi access point is installed. This paper reports our findings of leveraging human behavior patterns and spatial correlation among Wi-Fi access points to infer the location type of an SSID. Extensive experiments using real Wi-Fi logs collected from the recruited participants are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes, and the experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore why incumbent firms fail to identify new markets in the face of disruptive technologies. We cross research on disruptive innovation with research on managerial cognition and we focus on the role of managerial beliefs about customer needs in directing the search for new markets and product features. We show that a primary reason why incumbents lose their leadership is the inability to recognize either the rising ‘social’ market, where customers use products for fulfilling their need for friendship, or the ‘esteem’ market, where customers use products for fulfilling their need for achievement. We then apply our emerging conceptual framework to the case of the smartphone industry and the ongoing rivalry among operating systems. We thus try to advance the disruptive innovation theory with regard to both the explanation and the anticipation of technology competition outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to analyse the relationship between components' technological features and a product's perceived quality by consumers. The information about technological features is gathered from patent data, whereas the perceived quality is based on a voluminous set of online users' opinions. The research intends to let emerge the usefulness of big data for managing the technological development of high-tech products. The relationship is tested in the smartphone industry, focusing on 168 flagship smartphones. The work demonstrates the role of components of a product architecture in improving the end product's market value. Specifically, the perceived quality of a smartphone seems to be particularly affected by technological features of three components - application processor, camera module, and image sensor - in terms of both technological capacity and technological strategy. • Text-mining technique on patent data to analyse the smartphone components. • Relationship between the smartphone users' opinion and smartphone components. • The application processor and camera are the crucial components for the smartphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management for high-tech products, based on innovative product architectures and components, is a critical issue for market satisfaction. Scientific research has widely investigated the competitive advantage that product knowledge owned by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) has on product innovation. Nonetheless, the linkage between OEMs' accumulated knowledge on single modules and customer satisfaction is less explored. The article aims at identifying what level of knowledge OEMs should have on both the single modules and the whole product architecture to achieve better customer satisfaction. The research method uses text mining techniques on patent documents to detect associations of modules and product knowledge with patented technologies. Regression analyses are thereafter performed to test the linkage of such a knowledge with customer satisfaction using SPSS. The explorative analysis of the smartphone industry demonstrates that an effect on the final market is found for specific modules, such as application processor, camera and touchscreen controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smartphone can be utilized as a cost-effective device for the purposes of intelligent transportation system. To detect the movement and the stationary statuses in the motorized and non-motorized modes, this study develops a new inference engine, including two sets of rules. The first sets of rules are defined by the related thresholds on the features of smartphone sensors while the second sets are extracted from the human knowledge to improve the results of the first rules. The experimental results reveal that by utilizing Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors in the proposed inference engine, it is possible to save 40% energy in comparison with the previous research. Moreover, this engine increases the accuracy of the motorized mode detection to 95.2% and determines the stationary states in motorized mode with 97.1% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Android has invaded the majority of the smartphone market. Many developers in this domain are building up applications and addressing many problems. In this paper, we present Topology Discovery Algorithm (TDA) to discover nodes and the topology of the network for the Android Platform. The algorithm is based on Net Inventory System which is used to quickly discover the network topology without generating unnecessary traffic. To speed up the topology discovery process, we used multi-threading; thus, multiple threads run in parallel and handle all the network discovery queries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, patent lawsuits in the smartphone industry have become a sensitive issue. While numerous studies have investigated the wealth effect of patent and corporate litigation, few have examined current patent litigation in the smartphone industry. This paper investigates the wealth effect of patent lawsuits between Apple and other smartphone manufacturers, such as Samsung and HTC, using an event study method. The empirical results show that a firm in a vantage position in a patent lawsuit experiences a positive stock price return when it sues a rival firm for patent infringement, but one that does not have a vantage position in a patent lawsuit experiences a negative stock price return when sued by a rival firm. The results also show that in contrast to the general findings, Apple experienced negative stock returns regardless of its litigation position when it fought Nokia, but it did not experience any abnormal stock return regardless of its litigation position in disputes with Asian firms. However, consistent with the general findings, Asian firms experienced negative stock returns when they were sued by Apple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobile phone industry is a very innovative segment within the ICT sector and the smartphone is becoming the standard configuration among the different types of mobile devices. Technical change and new product proliferation have made this industry extremely dynamic, even if market shares are highly concentrated in the hands of very few companies. The present article investigates whether a dominant design has emerged in the smartphone industry. In particular, it studies the evolution in hardware components relying upon an original dataset of product characteristics including all smartphones launched in the market between 2004 and 2013. Results show that, despite some convergence in the introduction of vertical innovations, product differentiation still characterizes the competition among manufacturers and a dominant design has not yet emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation through modular product design is a promising strategy for product lifetime extension and material recyclability. Yet, sustainability benefits of the design do not automatically come into effect, but require additional process innovation through service activities that have to be attractive and made use of by users. This study investigates to what extent sustainability-focused modular product design in the smartphone sector promotes (1) self-repair versus use of repair service and (2) a positive user experience with repair instructions and services. It further analyzes how circular economy attitudes and perceived self-repairability moderate these effects. The quantitative analysis finds that, strengthened by higher perceived self-repairability, users of modular smartphones are more likely to use repair instructions. Also, modular smartphone design increases positive experience with repair instructions. Consequently, successful implementation and management of complementary product and service innovation are key to promoting product lifetime extension in the smartphone industry. • Complementarity of product and service innovation is key to realize lifetime extension in practice. • Sustainable modular product design (SMPD) incentivizes self-repair more than using a repair service. • Well-designed repair instructions foster self-repair behaviour and positive experience. • Strong circular economy attitudes reduce the importance of SMPD to incentivize repair. • Companies should actively manage the perception of product repairability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smartphone has become an indispensable travel companion for contemporary tourists. However, how smartphone use during the trip changes the travel context and related travel decision-making is still unclear. By tracing the in-situ decision-making processes in a real-world setting, this empirical study develops a deep understanding of the role of smartphones in shaping the physical and social contexts within which on-site decisions are made. The findings suggest that smartphones create a complex phygital-social context that triggers and supports the development of new travel plans, re-examination of pre-trip plans, and cancellation of pre-trip plans. Interactions with the smartphone-mediated context facilitate efficient decision-making and enable experience optimization. This study provides implications for decision-making theory in tourism and offers practical implications for destination marketing and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New diffusion models are presented by introducing stochasticity in the market growth rate. • Models are validated on the historical sales data of Apple iPhone and Samsung Galaxy phones. • Proposed models exhibited better estimation and fitting capability than the benchmark models. • Empirical analysis ascertain the stochastic market growth of technological innovations. • Findings produces essential managerial insights for policymaking. This study examines the problem of stochasticity in predicting the adoption growth pattern of technological innovations. Two different market expansion-based diffusion models are proposed by calibrating uncertainties in the introduction rate of new potential buyers using the Brownian motion process. The developed stochastic differential equation is described as a forecast model and is solved using the Itô integral and Wiener process. The unique contribution of the present research is that it is capable of describing the dynamicity in the potential market of new products. The proposed methodology is implemented on the Samsung Galaxy and Apple iPhone sales data, and a metaheuristic procedure known as a genetic algorithm is applied to estimate the model parameters. The experimental validation shows that the proposed diffusion models have superior estimation and fitting ability as compared to benchmark models. A rolling cross-validation procedure is performed that demonstrates the excellent forecasting capability of the suggested models. Consequently, the findings of the rigorous and extensive empirical analysis have provided supporting evidence of the stochastic increase in the market size for new products. The proposed stochastic diffusion models can find practical application in the variety of industries for predicting the accurate growth rate of the potential market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production and consumption of smartphones have been associated with a wide range of sustainability issues throughout the life cycle. While the dominant industry practices and resulting social and ecological problems have been discussed in depth in the extant literature, it has not been investigated so far how sustainability pioneers alleviate unsustainability in the smartphone industry through their business models. Addressing this gap, this exploratory multiple case study analyzes sustainable business models of 16 sustainability pioneers along the entire smartphone life cycle. Based on a variety of business model designs in the sample, the findings reveal seven sustainable business model patterns that are explained in terms of their value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture. One key finding is that most patterns extend beyond a single life cycle phase into other phases, which allows them to develop more comprehensive solutions than single-phase sustainable business models. This article furthermore discusses how sustainable business models of pioneers address sustainability issues of the smartphone industry. Comparing empirical insights with the emerging sustainable business model concept shows that the 'ideal' sustainable business model suggested in academic literature could not be observed. This article concludes with implications for sustainable business model research and practice. First, solving the industry's sustainability issues comprehensively requires a combination of pioneering sustainable business models and collaboration of actors. Second, the sustainable business models explored in this study provide design options for pioneer and conventional smartphone companies alike. Image 1 • Sustainable business models of pioneers along a smartphone life cycle are explored. • Seven business model patterns were identified covering different life cycle phases. • An ideal sustainable business model covering the whole life cycle was not observed. • To address sustainability issues comprehensively requires a combination of patterns. • Conventional companies can replicate generic sustainable business model patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]