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The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO 2 NT) photoelectrodes for sustainable hydrogen production has garnered significant research interest. Despite the advantages of TiO 2 NT fabricated via anodization of titanium metal, such as their well-ordered vertical structure, challenges persist including the thick oxide barrier layer, limited optical transparancy, and the wide energy band gap (∼3.0 eV), which constrain their practical efficiency in PEC applications. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a novel approch to transfer TiO 2 NT onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. TiO 2 NTs were synthesized with varying anodization times and steps to achieve optimal free-standing structures. To further enhance PEC performance, co-catalyst including molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C) and nickel sulfide (NiS) were incorporated using immersion and successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) methods, respectively. Comprehensive characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided insights into the crystal phase, morphological structure, band gap, and elemental composition of the photoelectrodes. Photoelectrochemical and photostability evaluations were conducted through linear scan voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry under dark and light conditions. Results indicate that transferring TiO 2 NTs onto FTO significantly enhanced photocurrent density, achieving a 2.5-fold increase at 0.7 V versus a TiO 2 NT/Ti substrate. The incorporating of co-catalysts Mo 2 C, NiS and the combined NiS/Mo 2 C further enhanced the photocurrent density to 2.20, 3.00 and 8.00 mA cm−2 respectively, with a remarkable 31-fold enhancement compared to the TiO 2 NT/Ti substrate. This findings underscore the potential of the TiO₂ NT/FTO photoelectrode with optimized co-catalyst integration for advanced photoelectrochemical applications. [Display omitted] • Enhanced TiO 2 NTs efficiency by transferring from Ti foil substrate onto FTO. • Mo 2 C and NiS as co-catalysts of TiO 2 NTs prepared by immersion and SILAR methods. • Mo 2 C and NiS contribute in enhancing PEC water-splitting efficiency of TiO 2 NTs. • The two co-catalyst synergistically increase a 31-fold in photocurrent efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel cell technology emerges as a promising green solution, offering mitigation to global warming, air pollution, and energy crises. This eco-friendly approach is witnessing a surge in adoption within the automotive sector, with fuel cell buses, cars, scooters, forklifts, and more, becoming increasingly prevalent. The automobile industry has been rapidly advancing fuel cell technology, inching closer to the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. As various technical hurdles are surmounted and costs are reduced, fuel cell vehicles are poised to become a competitive force in the automobile market, presenting an excellent solution for environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. This review paper delves into the fundamentals of fuel cells, their characteristics, and their applications in the automotive realm, exploring their prospects in comparison to traditional technologies. Furthermore, it sheds light on the existing research and industrial developments in hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison is provided between various fuel cell cars that have already been commercialized, enabling readers to understand the current market landscape. The review also analyses the advantages and challenges associated with fuel cell technology, offering insights into its future development trajectory. Through this comprehensive exploration, readers can gain a deeper understanding of fuel cell technology and its potential in revolutionizing the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully sustainable hydrogen production demands renewable energy sources. This study uses an approach that combines solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with batteries to tailor the energy supply to the unique demands of anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers. An open source DC-DC adjustable converter is designed, prototyped, and tested to enable an AEM to operate at its optimum efficiency without disrupting the continuous operation of existing loads. A structured operating schedule is simulated to align PV performance with AEM electrolyzer characteristics. The results show the >90% efficiency open-source converter was able to directly power the electrolyzer while taking advantage of solar energy surplus for hydrogen production. By strategically scheduling the electrolyzer to maximize output and minimize waste the system only utilizes excess solar energy. By employing this sustainable method, the study highlights a scalable solution that not only enhances the efficiency of hydrogen production, but also promotes the deployment of PV. • Surplus PV energy is used via structured AEM electrolyzer schedules for H₂ production. • 75% of AEM is PV-powered, reducing energy waste, with batteries covering the rest. • Open-source adjustable DC-DC converter ensures optimal AEM electrolyzer performance. • Custom DC-DC converter achieves 90% efficiency, cutting power loss for the electrolyzer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy sources, represents a critical component in the transition to sustainable energy systems due to its clean and versatile nature. This research investigates the dynamic behavior of bubbles within the serpentine flow field of a Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) cell, aiming to enhance the understanding of two-phase flow dynamics and improve the efficiency of green hydrogen production. Utilizing the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, a three-dimensional unsteady model was developed to simulate the flow dynamics at the anode of a PEMWE system. The study explores the transition of bubbles from bubbly flow to slug and annular flow, highlighting the significant impact of bubble formation on mass transport and overall cell performance. The results demonstrate that larger bubbles impede liquid water delivery to reaction sites and cause unstable pressure drops. The investigation also examines the influence of wall contact angles on bubble behavior, revealing that hydrophobic surfaces lead to increased gas coverage and more oxygen accumulation inside the channel, which hinders mass transport. These findings underscore the necessity for optimized flow channel designs and enhanced surface treatments to mitigate bubble coalescence and improve PEMWE performance. [Display omitted] • 3D VOF model simulates two-phase flow in PEMWE anode channels. • Flow patterns affect oxygen distribution and pressure drop in channels. • Annular flow reduces water supply to electrodes, impacting efficiency. • Wall wettability is crucial for bubble dynamics and PEMWE mass transport. • Hydrophilic surfaces aid bubble removal, hydrophobic surfaces cause flow hindering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a comprehensive optimization of green ammonia synthesis in Morocco by leveraging advanced deep learning techniques to maximize the utilization of the country's abundant renewable energy resources. By employing deep learning models such as LSTM and LSTM_adv, we forecast ammonia production over the next decade, improving strategies for production and energy storage. Our findings confirmed the viability of sustainable ammonia production in Dakhla and highlighted its transformative potential for global sustainability goals. Under the optimal scenario of 20 % photovoltaic and 80 % wind energy, the production cost was US$575 per tNH 3 , delivering an energy output of 8916.64 GWh and a daily ammonia production of 2503.36 tNH 3. Shifting to 100 % wind energy further enhances the potential, increasing daily ammonia production to a maximum of 3090 tNH 3 while reducing the production cost to US$376 per tNH 3. These results demonstrate the significant economic and environmental benefits of using renewable energy sources for ammonia production in Morocco. By leveraging a country's abundant wind and solar resources, we can contribute to a sustainable and energy-independent future. [Display omitted] • Optimizes ammonia synthesis using renewable energy sources for a greener future. • Projects daily ammonia output of up to 3090 tNH 3 in various energy scenarios. • Achieves 54% efficiency with competitive costs of $376-$575 per tNH 3. • Forecasts ammonia production over 10 years using deep learning models. • Provides insights for sustainable development and energy use in Morocco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen emerges as a promising solution for Türkiye, offering opportunities to enhance renewable energy production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Türkiye has significant potential for green hydrogen production, leveraging its abundant renewable energy resources and lower installation costs for renewable energy-based power plants.This study assesses the impact of capital expenditure (CAPEX) on the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) in Türkiye, focusing on both current and projected costs. The LCOH ranges from $3.79/kgH 2 to $5.11/kgH 2 for low and high CAPEX scenarios, given Türkiye's solar electricity cost of $40.32/MWh in 2024. Looking ahead to 2035, achieving Türkiye's hydrogen cost target of $2.4/kgH 2 will require reducing electricity costs to $31/MWh for low CAPEX and $15.3/MWh for high CAPEX. The current electricity cost of $40.3/MWh is significantly above these targets, highlighting the need for substantial technological advancements and cost-reduction strategies to meet future economic objectives for sustainable hydrogen production. [Display omitted] • Türkiye's LCOH from solar energy is $3.79 to $5.11/kgH2 in 2024. • Solar electricity costs for $2.4/kgH2 by 2035 are $15.3-$31/MWh. • Electrolyzer CAPEX is expected to stabilize for capacities above 100 MW in 2035. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dry reforming of methane (DRM) has gained attention as a promising route for the sustainable syngas production and synthesis of valuable chemical products. Two major greenhouse gases (GHGs) utilized in DRM are carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4), which contribute to global warming (GW). Perovskite catalysts have attracted attention in the DRM due to their large surface area, variable structure, and redox nature while density functional theory (DFT) investigations support experimental research by providing insights into the catalyst's electronic structure, adsorption energies, and reaction mechanisms for the designing and optimization of catalysts. In this review, the overview of DRM and the research progress on perovskite catalysts specifically single, double, and layered perovskites are systematically discussed and summarized. Based on the experimental and theoretical studies, this review majorly focuses on the DFT investigations to analyze the catalytic performance of perovskite catalysts because there is currently no review article published that addresses perovskite and their in-depth DFT investigations utilized in DRM. The use of DFT simulations to investigate the reaction mechanisms and surface electronic properties of perovskite catalysts assists in an immersed insight into the catalytic activity and reaction intermediates for DRM. This review also associates the recent advances in the field, interpreting the current industrial applications as well as the challenges and prospects for DRM. Thus, it is anticipated that this review will be a useful reference for the development of perovskite-related DRM applications and their theoretical studies. [Display omitted] • A comprehensive review of perovskites for dry reforming of methane (DRM). • DFT studies for DRM and reaction intermediates are elucidated. • Reviewed structural challenges for perovskite oxide catalysts based on DFT. • Current challenges and prospects for perovskites in DRM have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal configuration of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is a multi-objective, multi-constraint, nonlinear, high-dimensional complex problem. In this work, the detailed system model and optimization objectives of a novel HRES are established. By integrating the Hypervolume method and the algorithmic framework, an improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) method is proposed, addressing the tendency to degrade the Pareto front through random selection. Finally, the system optimization configurations and operations are analyzed and evaluated. The results indicate that the hydrogen subsystem significantly enhances system reliability and environmental sustainability. The proposed algorithm achieves the highest Pareto front superiority index (SI) value of 82.19%, demonstrating excellent robustness and convergence speed. Analysis of HRES operations reveals a negative correlation between battery capacity and decay, with fuel cell decay minimizing at 1.66% for a 3.5 kW capacity. • A detailed hybrid renewable energy system model for residential use is established. • The optimal Pareto front solution set of HRES configurations has been obtained. • A Hypervolume-improved NSGA-III is proposed with a 3.55% Pareto front improvement. • The coupling attenuation of the dual-energy source is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores sustainable energy solutions by utilizing waste-recovered quaternary blends of Scenedesmus obliquus, waste plastics, n-octanol, and hydrogen induction to enhance engine performance. This research aims to address this imperative by proposing a novel blend that not only repurposes waste materials but also leverages hydrogen induction to augment the combustion characteristics of a single cylinder Kirloskar engine's injection timing and injection pressure. The waste plastic is recovered by the pyrolysis method and Scenedesmus obliquus by the transesterification process. The study revealed that out of all the blends, the fuel at 23° before Top Dead Center (bTDC) and 210 bar outperformed all blends with 1.99% better brake thermal efficiency than diesel. The lowest brake specific energy consumption observed was 10.753.35 MJ/kW-hr at 23° bTDC and 240 bar injection pressure, which was 160.38 kJ/kW-hr higher than diesel. Fuel Injection Timing at 23° bTDC at 170 bar shows a 42 ppm decrease for Scenedesmus Obliquus Waste Plastic Octanol 50% (SOWPOCT50) mix compared to diesel. At fuel injection timing (FIT) timing, 23° bTDC and a pressure of 240 bar Injection Pressure (IP), the SOWPOCT50 mixture lowered 0.097 g/h Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentration to diesel. This enormous increase in efficiency and reduction in emission paved a potential replacement source for neat diesel towards the Sustainable Development Goals. [Display omitted] • Quaternary blend was used as fuel for diesel engine. • At lower fuel injection timing significant reduction in NOx emission was achieved. • Ultra low smoke emission was achieved at all operating conditions with the quaternary blend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic industry consumes large amounts of raw materials, including costly and environmental impact iron based-pigments. Steel rolling (SR) and wire drawing (WD) waste, rich in iron (>67 wt %), present a viable alternative. This study aims to develop high value stoneware pastes for tableware products by substituting commercial pigments with SR and WD. The influence of incorporation content (3, 5 and 10 wt %) and pre-treatments (sieving at 250, 150 and 63 μm, and grinding followed by sieving at 63 μm) on the samples properties was assessed including weight loss, firing shrinkage, apparent density, flexural resistance, and water absorption. The laboratory scale results revealed that darker hues, ranging from grey to reddish, were obtained when SR and WD were incorporated in the stoneware paste (beige colour). The smaller the particle size, more homogeneous is the developed colour, which is intensified as higher is the incorporation level. The prototypes (plates) were characterized in terms of thermal shock, edge impact, cracking and microwaves resistance, water absorption, and leaching behaviour, demonstrating that they met the industrial requirements. Thermal shock resistance was enhanced and the levels of leached Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, Zn, and Cu, were below permissible limits (EU Ceramic Directive 84/500/EEC, Decree-Law n°152/2017, Decree-Law n°236/98 and WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality) confirming their effective immobilization. Concluding, this work shows the viability of using mill scale waste as a valuable secondary raw material in stoneware pastes acting as a chromophore agent. Dark colours are obtained while preserving the product technical characteristics, promoting sustainable production and reducing landfilled waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conducted research, a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of pure and titanium-doped tin dioxide quantum dots is elaborated upon, with a thorough analysis of their structural, optical, morphological, and photocatalytic properties undertaken using advanced analytical techniques. Through X-ray Diffraction XRD, the crystalline nature and phase purity of the tetragonal structures of SnDs were confirmed, with the crystallite sizes measured at 3.0 nm for SnD1 and 7.66 nm for SnD2, following treatments at 240 °C and 300 °C, respectively. The structural integrity of SnO 2 was maintained despite titanium doping. FTIR spectroscopy verified the existence of specific vibrational modes indicative of surface hydroxyl groups. HRTEM images revealed the spherical morphology of particles, with diameters of 3.5 nm for SnD1 and 9.1 nm for SnD2. Optical band gaps, determined through UV-DRS, ranged from 3.33 eV in SnD1 to 3.47 eV in SnDTi2. The photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red dye under xenon lamp irradiation was quantitatively assessed; notably, SnD1 exhibited a 23 % higher rate constant compared to SnD2, attributed to its smaller particle size and a 31 % greater surface area. Doping with 4 % Ti in Sn 0.96 Ti 0.04 O 2 more than doubled the degradation rate compared to a 6 % Ti doping in Sn 0.94 Ti 0.06 O 2. Furthermore, the generation of hydroxyl radicals was significantly enhanced, showing an increase of approximately 220 % for SnD1 and 80 % for SnD2. The capability of these nanomaterials to reduce the chemical oxygen demand of industrial organic pollutants to within regulatory limits under solar irradiation was documented, with SnD1 maintaining its photocatalytic efficiency over seven cycles of reuse. In the photocatalytic degradation rate of Congo Red dye, which was 23 % higher for SnD1 compared to SnD2, and the threefold increase in the degradation rate for SnDTi1 compared to SnDTi2. An economic assessment, based on electricity tariffs in Saudi Arabia, highlighted the cost-effectiveness of SnD1, which ranged from 26.93 to 30.36 USD per breakdown cost of the photodegradation process, showing it to be less costly than SnD2. Conversely, SnDTi1 was found to be more economical than SnDTi2, with costs ranging from 26.67 to 33.09 USD. Collectively, the results emphasize the outstanding photocatalytic performance and cost-efficiency of SnDs, reinforcing their potential as sustainable solutions for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of these materials against a range of bacteria, yeast, and fungi was investigated and substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing occurrence of severe vulnerabilities, such as natural catastrophes and man-made attacks, has resulted in a corresponding rise in power outages on a global scale. Given the growing recognition of such exceptional occurrences, there is a pressing need to examine the matters pertaining to resilience and the mitigation of risks. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in power system resiliency, as well as an exploration of the measures required to ensure a sustainable environment.These instances of measures include resilience by enabling localized generation and distribution of electricity,diversification of energy resources, withstanding of severe weather conditions, cyberattacks and enabling communities to proactively address the consequences of power outages. There are multiple approaches to bolstering resiliency, which aim to facilitate recovery from unforeseen circumstances and promote stability in the face of uncertain events. These measures also serve to mitigate the impact of unexpected incidents such as power outages. Integrating unpredictable renewable energy sources like solar and wind power into energy networks is difficult, especially in terms of resilience. Renewable energy output fluctuates owing to weather and time of day, requiring sophisticated grid management, energy storage, and demand-response mechanisms to maintain system balance and resilience. This study elucidates the enhanced principles of power system dependability and resilience, in addition to several ways for establishing a sustainable power ecosystem. It examines the complex dynamics of risk assessment, including equipment failures, natural disasters, and human errors, to determine their likelihood and implications. Moreover, the study thoroughly examines the critical moments that occur after accidents, emphasizing the need of prompt reaction and recovery measures in reducing downtime and restoring regular operations to impacted power networks. This involves determining the fundamental reasons behind the incidents, such as whether they arise from equipment malfunctions, human mistakes, external influences like natural calamities, or cyber assaults. In addition, the report examines the efficacy of current response protocols and emergency procedures in reducing the impact of accidents and restoring regular operations to impacted electrical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper developed a mixed integer linear programming model to optimally design hydrogen refueling station coupled with an on-grid concentrated solar power. The model aims to minimize the total life cycle cost of the integrated system addressing various constraints. The utility of the proposed model is validated using hydrogen refueling station under the weather conditions of Dhahran city, Saudi Arabia. The station fulfills the daily hydrogen requirements of taxi-fleet in Dhahran city, estimating a daily demand of 4202 kg of hydrogen. The proposed hydrogen refueling station requires a solar field of 71,721 square meters to generate 50,233 MWh of energy annually. The on-grid concentrated solar power system is determined to produce an excess energy of 10,515 MWh which is exported to the grid, highlighting positive economic impact. The levelized cost of hydrogen of the proposed system is 7.17 $/kg. The achieved results validated the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed system, positioning it as a sustainable solution for meeting the rising demand for clean and green transportation in the region. • Develop a MILP model for sizing concentrated solar power hydrogen refueling station. • Assess the model's performance using a real case study. • Provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly hydrogen fuel. • The cost of hydrogen production is 7.17 $/kg and LCOE is 0.216 $/kWh. • Provide a model that grantees optimal sizing of renewable based hydrogen refueling station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sulfur-iodine (S–I or I–S) thermochemical cycle is viewed as a leading method for hydrogen production due to its environmental sustainability, cost-efficiency, and high efficiency. This study critically reviews the advancements in the S–I cycle research made over the last two decades, primarily focusing on basic research aspects such as two-phase separation and side reactions in the Bunsen reaction, along with purification and decomposition processes of H 2 SO 4 and HI. Furthermore, it offers an overview of the unique implementations and simulation results of the S–I cycle put forth by various global institutions. This paper also critically evaluates the feasibility of hydrogen production using the S–I cycle, considering technological, efficiency, economic, environmental, and safety aspects. Although the S–I cycle technology of hydrogen production has seen considerable progress over the years, to fast-track its industrialization, ongoing technical issues such as material compatibility and system matching ought to be addressed strategically. • The progress of basic research on the S–I cycle in the past is reviewed. • The systems platforms that have been established in various countries are introduced in detail. • The simulation work of the S–I cycle system in recent years is summarized. • The comparative analysis of various thermochemical cycles in terms of feasibility, efficiency, economy, environmental impact, and safety is conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces novel core-shell structured electrocatalysts synthesized via an optimized one-pot sol-gel method, aimed at enhancing the efficiency of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in water splitting. The Ni–NiO/TiO 2 and NiO/TiO 2 composites demonstrate superior catalytic performance, with the Ni–NiO/TiO 2 requiring a remarkably low potential of −0.125 V versus Ag/AgCl to achieve a current density of 10 mA.cm-2. This performance surpasses that of NiO/TiO 2 and pure NiO, offering a viable alternative to Pt catalysts. Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elucidate the crystalline phases, morphologies, and chemical states, enhancing our understanding of the electrocatalysts' efficiency. In particular, Rietveld refinement analysis provides detailed insights into the structural properties that underpin the observed catalytic performance. Electrochemical assessments highlighted the Ni–NiO/TiO 2 composite's reduced overpotential needs, high Faradaic efficiency (∼98%), and notable long-term durability, positioning these materials as promising candidates for sustainable hydrogen production. [Display omitted] • Argon-induced Ni segregation enhances the NiO/TiO 2 catalytic activity for water splitting. • Achieved a low onset potential (∼88 mV) and a Tafel slope of 40 mV/dec. • Used Rietveld and XPS for catalyst characterization, elucidate the enhancing HER. • Demonstrated superior stability and ∼98% Faradaic efficiency over Pt catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of green hydrogen is one of the most demanding and challenging for modern technology. A promising and an effective approach is electrocatalytic anodic urea oxidation reaction to generate hydrogen at cathode under alkaline electrolysis condition. However, it remains crucial for the development of active and stable electrocatalysts for efficient urea oxidation. In this study, we employed the hydrothermal synthesis route for NiFe LDH, NiFe LDO, and Ni(OH) 2. The superior performance of NiFe LDH compared to other catalysts is observed due to easy charge transfer facilitated by Fe ions. Moreover, Fe incorporation prevents surface poisoning of the electrocatalyst, resulting in increased activity and stability for electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction. The influence of different electrolyte environments on the performance of urea-based electrolyzers for sustainable hydrogen production and management of urea-rich wastewater has been measured for the first time by varying oxygen saturation and nitrogen purging conditions. In cyclic voltammetry studies, O 2 -saturated and purging conditions outperformed N 2 gas saturation or purging. The findings of this study provide valuable insight into the design of practical and environmentally friendly urea electrooxidation systems. Continuous O 2 purging enhances urea electrooxidation effectively and efficiently with NiFe LDH. [Display omitted] • An investigation of the effect of electrolyte environment for efficient urea electrooxidation. • NiFe LDH offers greater electrocatalytic activity for UOR compared to NiFe LDO and Ni(OH) 2. • Oxidation reaction switches due to NaOH concentration and promotes enhanced urea electrooxidation. • Urea electrooxidation is enhanced by oxygen saturation and purging by releasing more OH- ions. • Nyquist and Bode plots analysis at wide potential range and varying electrolyte conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning environmental crisis and the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions underscore the importance of innovative waste-to-energy conversion technologies. This study aims to an efficient utilize of face mask waste for a novel energy system to address waste management and energy production simultaneously by introducing an integrated system comprising a gasifier reactor, steam methane reformer, and water-gas shift reactor, designed to convert face mask waste into a hydrogen-rich syngas. The gasifier reactor initiates the process with a hydrogen flow rate of 2.352 mol/h, which is subsequently enriched to 5.405 mol/h in the steam methane reformer and further to 6.132 mol/h in the water-gas shift reactor, marking a cumulative increase of 160%. Methane content, initially at 2.017 mol/h, is reduced by 38.4% post-reforming and remains stable through the water-gas shift reaction. Carbon monoxide sees a significant reduction from 0.8558 mol/h to 0.1817 mol/h, a decrease of 78.8%. The findings of this study have profound implications for the energy sector, demonstrating the potential of the integrated system to not only mitigate waste but also to produce clean energy efficiently. The substantial increase in hydrogen content across the reactors highlights the system's capability to support the burgeoning hydrogen economy, while the management of carbon oxides aligns with environmental sustainability goals. The value of this study lies in its contribution to the advancement of waste-to-energy technologies and its role in shaping future energy policies and practices. • An innovative waste-to-energy conversion technology is developed. • Face mask waste gasification is integrated with SMR and WGSR. • Hydrogen flow rate in the gasifier is 2.352 mol/h. • Hydrogen flow rate is increased to 5.405 mol/h in SMR and 6.132 mol/h in WGSR. • This integration improves the hydrogen flow rate by 160%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a bibliometric review on biogas reforming for the production of sustainable aviation fuel. The central themes are catalyst stability and syngas H 2 /CO ratio. It begins with a summary of bibliometric data, literature trends, and most productive agents. Followed by citation analysis on dry reforming (DR) and steam reforming (SR), including internal reforming in fuel cells. Then, a statistical exploration of literature data on reforming in nickel catalysts, followed by the thermodynamic effects of temperature, pressure, and H 2 O/CH 4 ratio. For Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production, steam reforming appears as the best option. The biggest gaps in the biogas reforming literature are kinetic studies and pressure effect assessments, for scale-up. [Display omitted] • Steam reforming syngas is most appropriate for Sustainable Aviation Fuel production. • Dry reforming values CO 2 but still presents major challenges to industrial implementation. • Biogas reforming literature is poor in studies of the effect of pressure, and reaction kinetics. • Nickel loads have negative correlation with catalyst activity. The H 2 O concentration, with the conversion and H 2 /CO ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We advocate for the widespread adoption of molecular diagnostics, alongside traditional methods, to support sustainable nematode management. Tangible examples utilising molecular diagnostics as proof-of-concept studies are urgently needed, particularly those involving longitudinal multiple grazing season studies. While absolute quantification of parasite DNA in samples is a priority, it is equally important to define thresholds for treatment and to develop and optimise tools that consider the host and its specific immune response. Facilitating open dialogue between farmers and veterinarians regarding sustainable management is essential, encouraging joint planning and collaboration instead of treating them as distinct entities with separate agendas. The management of parasitic nematodes calls for a shift from conventional, indiscriminate, anthelmintic use to a more precise approach, directed by diagnostics. We should accept those parasite infection intensities that have minimal impact on production and welfare rather than attempt to eliminate them. The diagnostic toolbox for gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) faces challenges due to anthelmintic resistance (AR), which is species-specific, drug-class-specific, and varies by region. We discuss which traditional tools may become obsolete and which tools need development to gain widespread use. Social science research highlights the need for dialogue between farmers and veterinarians that emphasises effective parasite management and upskilling the veterinary workforce for more sustainable practices centred on diagnostics to be adopted in practice by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotechnology holds the potential to revolutionize textile dyeing by utilizing biopigments, biodegradable dyes, and fermentative dyeing methods as alternatives to synthetic options. While some challenges exist, these biotechnological approaches offer innovative solutions to minimize environmental impact and foster sustainable practices, leading toward a greener, circular and efficient textile bioindustry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The creation of three dimensional (3D) structures out of two-dimensional (2D) materials while retaining their extraordinary mechanical and transport properties after processing is one of the current great challenges in materials sciences (Ruoff, 2008; Kong et al., 2019; Lin et al., 2019). Guided by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we found a successful route for a sustainable production of 3D metallic carbon materials that are synthesized from pristine 2D graphene flakes with hydrolyzed edges. The edge hydrolysis lead to strong geometrical anisotropy and self-organization in solution before processing. After processing we obtain a 3D carbon structure where 2D graphene flakes are crosslinked by carbon chains with aromatic groups at very mild annealing temperatures (∼150 °C), eliminating the constraints for achieving the in-situ preparation of conductive carbon structures. These 3D carbon structures preserve microscopic order but are macroscopically disordered, presenting physical properties of anisotropic metallic carbon with large Young modulus (E ≈ 20 GPa), and room temperature thermal (k ≈ 180 W/mK) and electrical (σ ≈ 300 kS/m) conductivities comparable to ordinary metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elevated level of pollutants in water highlights the urgency of effective wastewater treatment. Hence, the concern about the potential of microalgae as an economically and environmentally sustainable for wastewater treatment is addressed. Wastewater treatment using microalgae resulted in significant reductions in micropollutants by 82 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Iron (Fe) concentration was reduced by 99 %, while calcium (Ca) decreased by 25 %. Algal biomass obtained from wastewater is executed for biochar production and bio-stimulant preparation. Bio-stimulant treatment significantly enhanced seed germination and increased shoot and root lengths in maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) compared to the control. Conversely, seed germination was completely suppressed in both maize and beans in the presence of biochar of bio-stimulant treatment. The GC-MS and NMR analysis study revealed the presence of key compounds in the microalgal extract that have a great contribution to plant growth. Hence, the study concludes the multifaceted and potential application of microalgae as a remediation and bio-stimulant in a sustainable way. [Display omitted] • Integrated wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technology (SDG 6a). • Utilization of wastewater treated C. sorokiniana for biochar & bio stimulant generation. • Bio-stimulant influenced germination and growth of Zea Maize and Phaseolus vulgaris. • GC-MS analysis identified key compounds in bio-stimulant for plant growth promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Northeast Asia container port system has experienced a significant increase in ship calls and container throughput, resulting in a detrimental impact on the environment surrounding the port area. This is primarily caused by emissions from the hotelling phase, which is closely associated with cargo operations at the berths. This study aims to investigate ship emissions during the hotelling phase and evaluate the impact of cargo operation productivity on environmental performance. To achieve this goal, the study used a bottom-up approach to calculate the ship's emissions at the berth based on various factors such as the number of ship calls, the power of the auxiliary engines, the load factor, the emissions factor, and in-port hotelling duration of the top 20 major container ports in the region from 2017 to 2021. The outcomes revealed that the major container ports in the Northeast Asian region, including Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Hongkong, and Busan, are emitting an enormous volume of pollutants, primarily due to the high density of ships and continuous loading and unloading operations, causing severe air pollution. The study found that improving loading/unloading productivity is an effective measure to improve the environmental quality of the port area. Furthermore, the study also revealed that handling larger ships could reduce emissions per TEU. • The study highlights significant emissions during the hotelling phase at Northeast Asian container ports, attributing them to high ship density and continuous cargo operations, leading to severe air pollution in port areas. • Improving cargo operation productivity emerges as a crucial strategy to enhance environmental quality at ports, suggesting a direct link between operational efficiency and reduced emissions. • Research identifies handling larger ships as a potential method to decrease emissions per TEU, indicating scalability benefits for environmental sustainability in port operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Various analytical methods are used to detect and measure the elements in e-waste. • The appropriate method depends on the desired accuracy and elements of interest. • Sample preparation and fractionation methods impact characterization results. • A standardized procedure is necessary for consistent, reliable characterization. Economic and environmental considerations have elucidated research interests on the best approach to managing electronic waste (e-waste), which has increasing social, environmental, and economic impacts. Proper e-waste management is essential for resource recovery, environmental sustainability, and public health protection, and effective management of e-waste necessitates analytical techniques to assess and characterize their elemental composition. Despite expansive literature published on the topic of e-waste, there is scarce coverage of the various analytical techniques employed to characterize the inorganic contents of e-waste. This review discusses the various e-waste characterization techniques used in studies published between 2013 and 2023. Specifically, this review covers the analytical approaches employed to characterize the inorganic content of e-waste, the electronic devices or their components analyzed, the elements identified, the sample preparation methods adopted, and the merits and demerits of the analytical procedures. This review highlights the disparate approaches to e-waste characterization and the need for reliable and repeatable e-waste analysis and sample preparation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A metaproteomics-based comparison of microbial degradation from ASP to AB was conducted. • Upgrading from ASP to AB increased lignocellulose degradation rates by 18.49-46.52%. • The upgrade from ASP to AB improved diversity of CAZyme-producing microbes. • AB but not ASP can produce the key enzyme for acetate conversion. • AB was superior to ASP for compost decomposition with higher cellulose. Composting presents a viable management solution for lignocellulose-rich municipal solid waste. However, our understanding about the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of lignocellulose, particularly in industrial-scale composting plants, remains limited. This study employed metaproteomics to compare the impact of upgrading from aerated static pile (ASP) to agitated bed (AB) systems on physicochemical parameters, lignocellulose biodegradation, and microbial metabolic pathways during large-scale biowaste composting process, marking the first investigation of its kind. The degradation rates of lignocellulose including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were significantly higher in AB (8.21%-32.54%, 10.21%-39.41%, and 6.21%-26.78%) than those (5.72%-23.15%, 7.01%-33.26%, and 4.79%-19.76%) in ASP at three thermal stages, respectively. The AB system in comparison to ASP increased the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) abundance and production of the three essential enzymes required for lignocellulose decomposition involving a mixture of bacteria and fungi (i.e., Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes). Conversely, ASP primarily produced exoglucanase and β-glucosidase via fungi (i.e., Ascomycota). Moreover, AB effectively mitigated microbial stress caused by acetic acid accumulation by regulating the key enzymes involved in acetate conversion, including acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase and acetate kinase. Overall, the AB upgraded from ASP facilitated the lignocellulose degradation and fostered more diverse functional microbial communities in large-scale composting. Our findings offer a valuable scientific basis to guide the engineering feasibility and environmental sustainability for large-scale industrial composting plants for treating lignocellulose-rich waste. These findings have important implications for establishing green sustainable development models (e.g., a circular economy based on material recovery) and for achieving sustainable development goals. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space solar power is an old idea. From its initial suggestion in the 1940s to the first practical concept by Dr. Peter Glaser in 1968, it has been analyzed, studied, and refined many times. Multiple government institutions, including NASA, JAXA, ESA, and CAST have invested significant funds into developing direct space solar power research. In parallel to these direct studies, considerable investment has also flowed into enabling technologies that serve as the cornerstone of current space solar power development concepts, including space solar panels, space hardware manufacturing, low-cost launch, wireless power transfer, robotic assembly, and swarm monitoring/control. In the last few years, space solar power concepts and studies have received increased funding, including non-governmental funding showing a strong positive growth trend. Multiple reports in 2021 and 2022, including from this author, have found that while space solar power has been technically feasible for decades, falling launch and hardware costs have only recently made it economically viable as well. Despite these findings, translation from economic feasibility to economic reality will require additional high-value investment. Sourcing these new funds requires investment context. This technical paper will present a state of the industry report on space solar power, including the total and source distribution of historical investments. It further contextualizes the investments in space solar power with the scale of investment in key technologies and their current technology readiness levels. The methodologies developed for this report and the data sourced are intended to serve as a catalyst, alongside industry feedback, to create a template for ongoing reporting of this growing market sub-sector and ultimately drive the full deployment of this technology. • NASA found in 1979 that Space Solar Power was technically and economically viable. • A half-century later solar power cost has fallen 99.8 %, launch has fallen 97.6 %. • A given solar panel will produce 6–20 times as much energy in space. • Direct investment into space solar power has reached $879 million. • Critical indirect investment, including into solar PV, is in hundreds of billions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global water resource shortage has evolved into a pressing concern, necessitating the advancement of effective and environmentally sustainable water treatment techniques. Photocatalysis has surfaced as a hopeful technology for eliminating organic contaminants from wastewater because of its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Here, CeO 2 microspheres and Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (NiZn-ferrite) nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, followed by the fabrication of ternary hybrid composites CeO 2 /NiZn ferrite/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) via ultrasonic treatment. Various analytical techniques including XRD, FESEM, VSM, PL, BET and UV–Visible spectroscopy were employed to characterize the resulting synthesized samples. The hybrid ternary composites demonstrate remarkable efficiency in degradation of reactive red-35 dye through photocatalysis attributed to enhanced surface area. This efficiency is further enhanced when coupled with ultrasonic treatment, leading to a synergistic effect. The catalysts can be easily separated from the suspension due to their magnetic behaviour and thus hold great potential for utilizations in the field of wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold rolling of strips is a well-known metal forming process, carried out below the material recrystallization temperature to improve the surface finish and the geometrical tolerance of the rolled strip. Friction plays a fundamental role in the rolling process and, even in case of a favorable roll bite condition, a non-optimal lubrication causes the rapid wear of the work rolls and high energy consumptions. Most of the currently used lubricants are based on synthetic or semi-synthetic formulations. However, the increase in the cost of petroleum-based products and the tightening of the environmental regulations is pushing the scientific and industrial community to search for more sustainable alternatives. Recently, the demand for green lubricants capable of matching non-toxicity, high biodegradability while keeping good lubricating performance is becoming of outmost importance. In the present work, the environmental impact and the lubricating performance of two innovative natural-based lubricants have been assessed using laboratory tests. An animal-based (AB) and a vegetable-based (VB) formulation were investigated and the results compared with a commercial mineral-based (MB) one. As concerns the environmental impact, emulsions at 2% oil concentration were chemically treated using a powder composed of bentonite and activated carbons and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and total Surfactants in the aqueous phase were evaluated. The lubricating performance of the emulsions at 2% oil concentration was assessed by conducting tribological tests using the Falex tribometer in accordance with the Standard. The experimental comparison revealed that it is not only feasible but also convenient in terms of both environmental impact and performance to replace the mineral-based lubricant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological transformation represents one of the most promising optimization strategies for a sustainable economy. The rapid convergence of biotechnology, information technology and production technology provides a vast area of innovation. From an economic and innovation policy perspective, cooperation structures and value creation systems will change significantly in a biointelligent transformation process. In the future, many industries will produce personalized products in a much more decentralized manner based on locally provided, renewable resources using autonomous non-expert systems. Such a profound change affects not only products and processes but also the organization of companies and how innovations are evaluated and implemented. In this paper, we thus discuss the need for a reorientation of innovation management in companies in the context of biological transformation. This article focused the central question of how the innovation management can change in the context of biointelligence so that companies can be helped to invest strategically in biointelligent innovations. We then outline the basic elements of a framework and discuss key challenges for future research and development. In this paper, we present initial thoughts on a framework for the management of biointelligent innovation that aims to solve the complex requirements of BioIntelligence. Our approach is based on a holistic view of different methods and techniques to provide a comprehensive solution to the challenges. We discuss the basic concepts and goals of this framework as well as potential application areas and challenges. Furthermore, we present first approaches for implementation and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological transformation is the transfer of principles of natural systems to technical materials, processes and systems. The essential concepts of biological transformation - inspiration (learning from the observation of nature for the adaptation of technology), integration (symbiosis of technical systems based on biological principles) and interaction (interweaving of nature with technology) - can be transferred to Industry 4.0 solutions. One of these solutions is the Digital Twin, which can be used to provide transparency of an individual product's environmental impact and to positively influence it throughout all lifecycle phases. A Digital Twin can be seen a digital ecosystem that inherits various biological principles itself, but also serves as an enabler of biologically transformed products. The application of the principles of biological transformation to Industry 4.0 helps achieve sustainable value creation. Manufacturing and operating companies, leveraging operational data with the help of Digital Twins, are equipped to better understand a product ecosystem's performance and identify constraining resources that determine its lifecycle sustainability. This paper demonstrates the concept development of a Digital Twin for a biologically transformed product-ecosystem with integrated sustainability assessment focused on the production phase and its corresponding user interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen, as a sustainable fuel for transportation sector as well as some other heavy industries, should be stored or transferred in liquid phase. To prevent the evaporation of hydrogen in the tanks and the consequent hazards, it is common to lower its temperature below the saturation point known as subcooling of the fluid. When the subcooled liquid hydrogen flows through pipes with higher wall temperatures, the hydrogen can evaporate and flow boiling occurs, resulting in a complex heat transfer behavior of the fluid. In this study, we propose an advanced intelligent model based on the Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN) to predict Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) of subcooled liquid hydrogen under various flow conditions. Our model leverages on a dataset that is nearly twice the size of the largest previously used in the literature, significantly enhancing its generalization, reliability, and accuracy. The proposed CFNN model incorporates 19 input features, including crucial dimensionless parameters, orientation and thermodynamic condition of the fluid, and characteristics of the pipe that hydrogen flow through to accurately estimate HTC in unseen fluid conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an R-squared value of 0.9978, substantially outperforming the best empirical methods, which have an R-squared value of only 0.8058 for the same testing data. This innovative approach provides a highly accurate and reliable tool for predicting HTC, offering significant improvements over conventional methods and contributing valuable insights for real-world applications in the energy and transportation sectors. • Subcooling hydrogen seems necessary for safe storing in aircraft. • Modelling of heat transfer of LH2 in the pipes is vital for designing the system. • Use of artificial intelligence enables highly accurate heat transfer predictions. • Cascade Forward Neural Network estimates HTC of subcooled LH2 with 99.78% accuracy. • A comparison of findings is made with existing AI models and empirical correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial sector is undergoing a pervasive digital transformation in the current landscape, particularly in steel, cement, chemicals, and refineries. These are collectively termed "complex decarbonization industries (CDI)," where reducing emissions poses a significant challenge. Green hydrogen (GH) production, conducted sustainability, represents an innovative solution that facilitates energy storage and reduces reliance on fossil fuels. However, producing green hydrogen requires effective management and flexible strategic decisions to ensure transparency and environmental friendliness. This paper utilizes blockchain technology enablers (BCTE) to track carbon emissions and ensure the origin of green gas in these sectors while independently exploring its relationship to a sustainable supply chain (SSC). GH is presented as a mediating variable in this relationship. Utilizing a cross-sectional methodology, the research gathered data via interviews and an online survey from 462 employees in companies participating in the 2022 Shams Dubai program under the aegis of the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority in the UAE. The Structural Equation Modeling - Analysis of Moment Structures (SEM-AMOS) technique was used to perform the statistical analyses. Based on interviews and survey results in the UAE's CDI, the findings show that BCTE directly impacts SSC's social and environmental dimensions, while its effect on the economic dimension is negative. However, when GH mediated this relationship, the results were indirectly positive in enhancing the SSC in complex decarbonization industries without any negative environmental effects. Adopting GH is a way to reward sustainable behavior. The findings of this study could inform the UAE's policymaking, particularly in designing incentives for GH adoption in industrial sectors and creating regulatory frameworks that encourage BCTE integration for energy tracking and emissions reduction. This approach could serve as a model for similar economies striving for sustainable industrial practices. • Application of BCTE in the field of GHSC is nascent at present. • UTAUT and GT adopted for understanding BCTE in GHSC. • SEM-AMOS used to model BCTE adoption. • GH mediates the link between BCTE adoption and SSC aspects. • Proposed mitigation strategies for SSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the production of waste tire pyrolyzed oil on a laboratory scale and its potential use as a fuel along with biogas and hydrogen in a variable-speed transportation engine. The pyrolyzed oil, obtained from waste tire pieces through a lab-scale plant, undergoes distillation and is blended with diesel fuel in a 20% ratio. This blended fuel is supplied to a multi-cylinder variable-speed transportation engine, either alongside biogas or HHO separately or both combined, at fixed flow rates with air passage through a premixing device (venturi). This study aimed to assess engine combustion characteristics such as in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate; performance parameters, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), as well as emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results indicate that using pyrolyzed oil in unmodified diesel engines reduces combustion characteristics and performancewhile increasing HC and NOx emissions and decreasing CO emissions. In addition, supplying biogas and the fuel mixture further deteriorates combustion and performance, while increases HC and CO emissions, and reduces NOx emissions. The focus of the present research is to evaluate the impact of adding green hydrogen (HHO) gas to a pyrolyzed oil fuel mixture and a biogas-led fuel mixture in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The results indicate that the addition of hydrogen enhances combustion characteristics, engine performance and reduces emissions, except for NOx. Specifically, there is an increase in cylinder peak pressure and HRR by around 6–10% range, improvement in BTE by 16–20% and BSFC by 5–7%, along with a decrease in HC and CO emissions by 13–16% and 11–13%, respectively. However, there is an increase in NOx emissions of 6–9%. In essence, the addition of green hydrogen enhances engine performance and reduces emissions in waste tire-derived pyrolyzed oil and biogas blends, indicating a viable path for sustainable transportation fuel. • Pyrolyzed tire oil blended with diesel fuel (20%) tested in variable-speed engines. • Adding biogas to the fuel blend worsens performance and increases HC and CO emissions. • Green hydrogen (HHO) improves combustion and performance in the fuel blend. • HHO addition increases cylinder peak pressure and heat release rate by 6–10%. • HHO addition enhances BTE by 16–20% and reduces HC and CO emissions by 13–16% and 11–13%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical water splitting offers a promising route to sustainable hydrogen production. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as potential electrocatalysts due to their tunable structure and composition. We investigated the electrocatalytic activity of ZIF-67 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Synthesis parameters, including temperature, reaction time, acidity, molar ratio of 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) to cobalt source, cobalt source type, addition method of 2-MIM, and solvent type, were systematically varied to optimize the electrocatalytic properties of ZIF-67. The synthesized ZIF-67 electrocatalysts were characterized using BET, FESEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry methods. The optimized ZIF-67 electrocatalyst exhibited remarkable performance, with a low overpotential of 171 mV, a small Tafel slope of 82 mV.dec−1, a low charge transfer resistance of 97 Ω, a high double-layer capacitance of 13.5 mF cm−2, and high stability for 15 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the optimized ZIF-67 was attributed to its high surface area, tunable pore structure, and the presence of active cobalt sites. [Display omitted] • ZIF-67 electrocatalyst with superior performance (S16) is synthesized under optimized conditions (80–120 °C, 1 h, CoSO 4 ·7H 2 O precursor, dropwise 2-MIM addition, 2-MIM/Co ratio 16:1, pH 11). • The optimized ZIF-67 electrocatalyst exhibits a well-defined rhombic dodecahedral morphology with high surface area (1370 m2gr−1.), pore volume (1.02 cm³.gr−1), and narrow band gap (1.97 eV). • The cobalt-based electrocatalyst achieves exceptional HER activity in 1 M KOH: low overpotential (ƞ 10 = 171 mV), fast kinetics (β = 82 mV.dec−1), high C dl (13.5 mF cm−2), and remarkable stability (15 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syngas (CO + H 2) production through biomass gasification offers a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional fuels. This study investigates the co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake (PODC) and Alum Sludge (AS), utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques to optimize and predict syngas production. Conducted in a fixed bed horizontal reactor, the experiment investigates temperature, airflow rate, and particle size as input parameters. Results revealed that optimal condition of 900 °C temperature, 10 mL/min airflow rate, and 2 mm particle size yielded the highest syngas production at 39.48 vol%. The RSM showed an R2 value of 0.9896, whereas ANN network revealed an overall R2 value of 0.971. Both models demonstrated strong alignment with experimental data and the modelled equation. This research demonstrates the effective use of statistical modelling to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of syngas production, thereby fostering advancements in sustainable energy production. [Display omitted] • PODC and AS co-gasification was carried out in fixed bed horizontal tube furnace reactor. • RSM and ANN were applied for optimization and prediction of syngas production. • At optimal condition of 900 °C, 10 mL/min, and 2 mm, 39.48 vol% syngas was produced. • RSM and ANN model prediction accuracy were 98.96% and 97.1%, respectively. • Both RSM and ANN satisfactory validate and predict the response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safe and efficient underground storage of hydrogen requires cap rocks with effective sealing capabilities. This study investigates the interplay between various factors and their influence on hydrogen leakage from cap rocks. Compared to other commonly stored gases, hydrogen exhibits a significantly faster leakage rate. This study reveals that pore size and tortuosity of cap rocks play a crucial role. Larger pore sizes and lower tortuosity factors lead to increased leakage. Conversely, higher tortuosity (more twisted pores) enhances the sealing capability. Cap rocks with a tortuosity greater than 3 or an effective pore size below 5 nm demonstrated exceptional sealing capabilities. Beyond pore geometry, the study underscores the dependence of hydrogen diffusivity on prevailing underground conditions. Higher reservoir temperatures translate to a faster leakage rate, whereas increased pressure reduces the mean free path of hydrogen molecules, hindering diffusion and promoting retention within the storage formation. Reservoirs of temperature below 350 K and under a pressure exceeding 13.80MPa (2000 psi) exhibited minimal leakage. These findings underscore the crucial role of meticulous cap rock selection for safe and efficient underground hydrogen storage. This research paves the way for future investigations exploring the impact of additional factors such as the presence of other gases, the chemical composition of the cap rock itself, and the long-term effects of hydrogen exposure on cap rock integrity. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is essential for optimizing underground hydrogen storage strategies and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability. • Hydrogen could escape cap rocks faster than other gases like carbon dioxide and methane. • Cap rocks with pores larger than 5 nm leak hydrogen more readily. • Twisting, complex pores (tortuosity greater than 3) slow hydrogen escape. • Warmer underground storage of temperature greater than 350 K increases hydrogen loss. • Higher pressure than 2000 psi helps trap hydrogen by slowing its diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overcoming the use of conventional internal combustion engines for future transportation is mandatory to achieve sustainability. In this regard, hybrid electric vehicles comprising hydrogen fuel cells with Li-ion battery storage are gaining more attention. The paper proposes a robust approach for economic power-sharing between these sources. A predictive speed control strategy is realized to improve the vehicle's overall operation compared to conventional proportional–integral–derivative controller and tested for various standardized driving cycles. Additionally, a comprehensive techno-economic analysis using total cost of ownership is performed. Results suggest that hybrid vehicles with fuel cells and batteries are more economical with costs($) of 5. 81 e 04 , 2. 17 e 04 , and 2. 04 e 05 , for transient, modal, and manual driving cycles, respectively compared with internal combustion engines and batteries having 6. 23 e 04 , 3. 21 e 04 , and 2. 54 e 05. Furthermore, for evaluating the performance of the proposed predictive controller in terms of error minimization, various performance indices are obtained, compared, and tested using a hardware-in-loop platform. • Predictive control-based optimal power management approach. • Economic benefits through hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) as an auxiliary energy source. • The controller's performance investigation through performance indices (PIs). • Validation using simulation and Hardware-in-loop results. • Techno-economic analysis for full lifetime use of the HEV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, hydrogen generation is considered a crucial aspect of sustainable energy production. This paper disscusses the hypothesis that hydrogen generation occurs during the operation of the membrane electrode assembly and is an acceptable and eco-friendly method for producing hydrogen without carbon dioxide. This paper considers the hypothesis by simulating hydrogen generation in fuel cells that rely on fossil fuels using proton fuel cells. The O ptimized H ydrogen G eneration-based R egression (OHGR) model is based on a deep learning architecture. The architecture is based on stacking multiple neural networks with crossover connections that feed information through a pool of activation functions. The OHGR predicts the amount of hydrogen generated in 1 mA cm−2 and can exceed 10–20 mA cm−2 after long-term operation. For given temperatures, pressures, and humidity, which are considered fundamental factors in the hydrogen crossing phenomenon.The OHGR uses a stochastic gradient as an optimization engine that informs the most-recommended values for temperature, pressure, and humidity to generate the optimal amount of hydrogen. In addition, the OHGR model is interoperated to accept the same number of most significant features obtained from the principal component analysis. The OHGR was evaluated using empirical regression evaluation metrics, including the root mean square error, R2, Mean Square Error, and Mean Absolute Error. The optimization process was designed to include the hypothesis and hyperparameters to determine the most significant values for the OGHR and its outcomes. The introduced OHGR model is sufficiently efficient to predict the generated hydrogen with RMSE = 0.220 and R2 = 0.564, indicating an enhancement of the OHGR model compared to recently reported models. Since the sustainability of hydrogen generation is important for energy availability and reducing climate change, the OHGR model is justified using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to ensure that the model is transparent, reliable, and trustworthy. [Display omitted] • Optimized Hydrogen Generation-based Regression (OHGR) model using a custom architecture. • OHGR predicts generated hydrogen PEM by optimizing temp, pressure & humidity of CNN structure. • OHGR uses an optimization engine to detect most recommended to generate hydrogen. • OHGR accepts same number of significant features by principal component analysis. • XAI is used to ensure transparent, reliable, and trusted of OHGR using SHAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane dry reforming is a key method for converting greenhouse gases into valuable syngas, providing a pathway for the sustainable production of valuable compounds. Yet the challenges like particle sintering and carbon deposition have hindered the widespread application of nickel-based catalysts. This study explores innovative strategies to overcome these challenges by using zeolite supports to enhance nickel dispersity and prevent carbon deposition, as well as adopting core-shell structures to prevent metal sintering and carbon deposition. In pursuit of enhancing methane dry reforming efficacy, a Ni@S-1@SiO 2 dual-shell nickel-based catalyst is designed in this study to confine exposed nickel particles on the S-1 surface within a robust mesoporous silica shell, reducing nickel particle mobility and preventing active site oxidation, thereby increasing resistance to sintering and carbon deposition. Compared to conventional single-core-shell catalysts, this design significantly reduces nickel particle mobility and active site oxidation, enhancing resistance to sintering and coking. It showed virtually no carbon deposition even after a rigorous 25-h reaction at 650 °C. In-situ DRIFTS analyses provided further insights into the underlying mechanism, confirming a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and highlighting the beneficial role of formates in preventing coke deposition. This study not only advances the understanding of core-shell catalyst structures but also paves the way for optimized nickel-based catalysts in methane dry reforming, promoting a sustainable future for syngas production. [Display omitted] • Crafting a novel Ni@S-1@SiO 2 dual-shell nickel-based catalyst. • Effectively curtailing nickel particle mobility and averting active site oxidation. • Bolstering resistance to sintering and coking. • Adhering to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, formates inhibit coke deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, driven by global efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, necessitates advancing efficient hydrogen production technologies. Membrane reactors, at the forefront of these technologies, offer a promising avenue for enhancing hydrogen production through integrating novel catalysts, innovative membrane designs, and utilizing renewable energy sources. This review explores the latest developments in membrane reactor technology, highlighting the synergistic application of advanced catalysts and membrane designs to improve hydrogen yield and efficiency. Integrating renewable energy sources is especially emphasized to achieve sustainable hydrogen production, alongside exploring nanotechnology to introduce new materials and configurations that elevate hydrogen generation. This review further explores the advancements in high-temperature membrane reactors, unlocking significant improvements in operational efficiency and the purity of the produced hydrogen. Moreover, it explores the up-and-coming potential of green chemistry for developing eco-friendly hydrogen production methods and optimizing these membrane reactors through advanced control strategies. A particular focus is given to the bio-hydrogen production and the application of mixed ionic-electronic conductors to elevate the reactor performance further. • Increasing demand for hydrogen drives advancements in efficient production technologies. • Membrane reactors enhance hydrogen yield and efficiency using novel catalysts and innovative designs. • Integrating renewable energy sources into membrane reactors achieves sustainable hydrogen production. • Nanotechnology introduces new materials and configurations for improved hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerning environmental issues, including global warming and the reduction of hydrocarbon assets, the utilization of environmentally sustainable energy production is imperative nowadays. In this regard, water electrolysis is considered the most prominent and ecologically sustainable technique for the production of hydrogen. However, owing to its sluggish OER, designing electrode materials with remarkable efficiency becomes crucial for boosting the functioning of water electrolysis. In the present investigation, we successfully developed the SnSe catalyst incorporated into graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) via a simple hydrothermal approach. The various approaches were used to characterize g-CN/SnSe nanocomposite. Meanwhile, g-CN/SnSe nanocomposite demonstrated exceptional catalytic properties for OER under 1.0 M alkaline electrolyte (KOH), which exhibited low overpotential (241 mV) to obtain ideal j (10 mA cm−2) and an exceptional stability (20 h). It also demonstrated a low onset potential (1.27 V), a significant electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of 592.5 cm2 and an impressive Tafel value (38 mV dec−1), significantly superior to the pure SnSe nanomaterial. The observed improved performance can be attributed to enhanced morphological properties and significant surface area. The above-reported nanocomposite (g-CN/SnSe) shows great potential for OER and other electrochemical systems because of its numerous active sites, faster electron transfer process, exceptional durability and good electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Valorizing XLPE plastic residue through catalytic flash pyrolysis. • Precise profiling: Py–GC/MS setup dissects volatile reaction products at 500 °C. • Kaolin catalyst: proven as a low-cost natural catalyst for flash pyrolysis. • Catalyst impact: kaolin shifts hydrocarbon concentration favorably. • Plastic waste yields gasoline-range hydrocarbons from catalytic flash pyrolysis. This investigation's novelty and objective reside in exploring catalytic flash pyrolysis of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) plastic residue in the presence of kaolin, with the perspective of achieving sustainable production of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Through proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and heating value determination, this study also assessed the energy-related characteristics of cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue, revealing its potential as an energy source (44.58 MJ kg−1) and suitable raw material for pyrolysis due to its low ash content and high volatile matter content. To understand the performance as a low-cost catalyst in the flash pyrolysis of cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue, natural kaolin was subjected to characterization through thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue was subjected to thermal and catalytic pyrolysis in an analytical microreactor coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS system), operating at 500 °C, to characterize the distribution and composition of volatile reaction products. The application of kaolin as a catalyst resulted in a decline of the relative concentration of hydrocarbons in the diesel range (C 8 -C 24) from approximately 87 % to 28 %, and a reduction in lubricating oils (C 14 -C 50) from about 70 % to 13 %, while concomitantly increasing the relative concentration of lighter hydrocarbons in the gasoline range (C 8 -C 12) from around 28 % to 87 %. Therefore, catalytic flash pyrolysis offers the potential for converting this plastic waste into a new and abundant chemical source of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. This process can be deemed viable and sustainable for managing and valorizing cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A microwave-assisted protocol towards biofuel precursor furfural (FF) was implemented. • Namely almond hull (AH), olive stone (OS), and wine-derived by-products were evaluated. • Mild conditions (150 °C, 10–20 min) and green strategies (AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O) were applied. • Noted molar yield (38–42 %) and selectivity (50–60 %) were achieved from AH and OS. • Sustainable waste management and biorefinery approaches were assessed. This work outlines the first microwave (MW)-assisted protocol for the production of biofuel precursor furfural (FF) from the raw agricultural waste almond hull (AH), olive stone (OS), and the winemaking-derived grape stalk (GS), grape marc (GM) and exhausted grape marc (EGM) through a one-pot synthesis process. To enhance the overall yield, a catalytic process was firstly developed from xylose, major constituent of hemicellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass. This method afforded FF with 100 % selectivity, yielding over 85 % in isolated product when using H 2 SO 4 , as opposed to a 37 % yield with AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O, at 150 °C in only 10 min. For both catalysts, the developed methodology was further validated, proving adaptable and efficient in producing the targeted FF from the aforementioned lignocellulosic raw materials. More specifically, the employment of AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O resulted in the highest selectivity (up to 89 % from GM) and FF yield (42 % and 39 % molar from OS and AH, respectively), maintaining notable selectivity for the latter (61 and 48 % from AH and OS). At this regard, and considering the environmental factor of sustainability, it is important to point out the role of AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O in contrast to H 2 SO 4 , thus mitigating detrimental substances. This study provides an important management of agricultural waste through sustainable practises for the development of potential bio-based chemicals, aligning with Green Chemistry and process intensification principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Wheet feed hydrolysate can serve as both hydrophilic carbon and nitrogen source. • At TN concentrations <1.5 g/L production and growth presented a linear relationship. • 0.31 g/L TN from wheat feed hydrolysate led to 60 g/L diacetylated lactonic C18:1. • Sophorolipid gravimetrical quantification should be complemented with HPLC analysis. • Biomass hydrolysates composition influences sophorolipid congeners profile. To explore a sustainable sophorolipid production, several hydrolysates from agricultural byproducts, such as wheat feed, rapeseed meal, coconut waste and palm waste were used as nitrogen sources. The four hydrolysates overperformed the controls after 168 h of fermentation using Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214. Wheat feed and coconut waste hydrolysates were the most promising feedstocks presenting a linear relationship between yeast growth and diacetylated lactonic C18:1 production at total nitrogen concentrations below 1.5 g/L (R2 = 0.90 and 0.83, respectively). At 0.31 g/L total nitrogen, wheat feed hydrolysate achieved the highest production, yielding 72.20 ± 1.53 g/L of sophorolipid crude extract and 60.05 ± 0.56 g/L of diacetylated lactonic C18:1 at shake flask scale with productivities of 0.43 and 0.36 g/L/h, respectively. Results were confirmed in a 2-L bioreactor increasing 15 % diacetylated lactonic C18:1 production. Moreover, wheat feed hydrolysate supplemented only with a hydrophobic carbon source was able to produce mainly diacetylated lactonic C18:1 congener (88.5 % wt.), suggesting that the composition of the hydrolysate significantly influences the congeners profile. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into agricultural byproduct hydrolysates as potential nitrogen feedstocks for sophorolipid production and their further application on industrial biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian automobile industry is witnessing a paradigm shift from fossil fuel to green energy. The current study employs an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate the impact of attitudes, green nudges and perceived behavioural control on the behavioural intention (BI) for adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by Indian consumers. Environmental concern is also added to the model to find its impact on actual buying behaviour (AB). Conclusive research is carried out, and data is collected through a structured questionnaire. 342 respondents were analysed using a two-step investigation approach: Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), followed by an artificial neural network (ANN). Subsequently, two models are formed to determine the predictors of BI and AB. The findings suggest that all three factors positively impact BI and AB. Attitude plays the most significant role in BI (the most important predictor of AB). The study's findings also suggest that the extended TPB model is effective for forecasting customers' adoption intentions towards EVs. Moreover, this research adds to the existing literature on the intention and reluctance of consumers to embrace green technology. The results of this study will have significant implications not only for a greater understanding of customer behaviour regarding the adoption of EVs, but also for exploring their market expansion, product offerings, consumer BI and framing policies. [Display omitted] Problem Definition. • Need to understand the factors that influence consumer behavior for the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Concept. • Complexities surrounding consumer's intention and reluctance to embrace EVs implementation of carbon neutrality in organizations. Theoretical Underpinning. • An extended TPB model that includes Green Nudge & Environmental concerns. Methodology. • A hybrid PLS-SEM ANN has been used. Results. • The study validates the extended TPB model for forecasting consumer intentions towards EV adoption. Implications. • The results have significant implications for understanding consumer behavior, market expansion, product offerings, buying intentions, and policy frameworks for EV adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before integrating Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) into transportation systems, it's important to evaluate various aspects to facilitate their adoption. Numerous factors are likely to be crucial in this process. This research investigates the critical success factors influencing the adoption of AVs in sustainable urban transportation through a hybrid fuzzy Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) approach. The primary aim is to identify key criteria and sub-criteria perceived by transport experts, shedding light on the complex dynamics of AV adoption. Methodologically, a fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is employed to unveil cause-and-effect relationships among the main criteria, determining their respective weights. Subsequently, fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP) is applied to calculate the weights of criteria and sub-criteria based on the fuzzy DEMATEL results. The study considers seven major factor dimensions: economic, technical, operational, environmental, safety and risk, social and regulatory, and user acceptance. Key findings underscore user acceptance, financial costs, and environmental impact as the most pivotal criteria, emphasising their significance in the eyes of transportation experts. Contrarily, technological and operational criteria hold the lowest weight in the considered criteria for AV adoption in transportation networks. This research provides valuable insights into critical barriers and opportunities in the adoption of AVs, contributing to the advancement of sustainable urban transportation. • Identification of critical success factors for AV adoption in urban transportation networks. • Fuzzy DEMATEL analysis reveals cause-and-effect relationships among criteria. • Integration of fuzzy ANP enables weighted evaluation and ranking of criteria. • User acceptance, financial costs, and environmental factors are crucial for AV adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent need for decarbonization drives the exploration of clean energy sources and carbon-free fuels, primarily with hydrogen as an emerging solution. This short communication article aims to provide a unique perspective on how to expedite transition to the hydrogen economy and make a quicker route to sectoral hydrogen-based solutions by deploying ammonia. The primary goal is, in this regard, to utilize green hydrogen as a clean feedstock and directly switch to synthesise ammonia for using it in almost all sectors directly without making infrastructural changes for hydrogen storage, transportation and distribution. This is due to the fact that the ammonia ecosystem already exists, but depending essentially on unclean hydrogen where fossil fuels are deployed to produce it. So, using the existing ammonia ecosystem with clean hydrogen production should be a target to overcome numerous challenges, especially requiring more investments and infrastructural changes. Furthermore, clean ammonia is potentially used as a fuel, an energy carrier, a working fluid, a refrigerant, and a commodity for various sectors, including industrial and agricultural. • Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel and suitable for use in various sectors. • Ammonia serves as a hydrogen carrier and helps for a quicker transition to a hydrogen economy. • Existing ammonia infrastructure is a big advantage for hydrogen economy. • Green hydrogen is essential for clean ammonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article thoroughly assesses the Chemical Looping Hydrogen Production (CLHP) process, aiming to enhance understanding of detailed dynamic simulations. It includes a concise historical overview of chemical looping technology, emphasizing recent commercial applications like combustion engines. The article discusses several cases of pilot and sub-pilot scale investigations, along with critical insights to identify the issues surrounding the commercialization of this technology. Furthermore, the review is extended to analyze several aspects of the process to develop a dynamic simulation model, including reactants, operating modes, kinetic parameters, and the process models. Key process materials such as reduction fuel, oxygen carriers and solid supports are carefully chosen to achieve target conversions and net-zero carbon emissions. The three-reactor system is meticulously defined, focusing on closed-loop production's thermodynamic and economic benefits. Detailed information is provided on reactions within each unit and the required operating regimes for continuous solid circulation. The review also examines mathematical modeling methods for dynamic simulation implementation to determine gas-solid profiles at pellet and reactor scales. Simulations derived from this study's concepts can be refined through parameter modification for optimal process operation and control system analysis for real-world industrial applications. Ultimately, this review contributes significantly to the commercialization of CLHP, offering an economically viable solution for sustainable hydrogen production. [Display omitted] • Chemical looping is an economically viable solution for producing hydrogen fuel. • Dynamic models can further the knowledge of chemical looping hydrogen production. • Mathematical simulations can quantify the acclaimed advantages of the process. • Quantified results can drive further investment towards process industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]