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Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) penetration has increased significantly in the last decade. PV Penetration with optimal capacity and location can reduce feeder power losses. The aims are to investigate degradation characteristics of feeder power loss value due to PV penetration in some radial distribution system and to obtain the smallest losses based on its characteristics to determine optimal PV capacity and installation location on radial distribution system. The simulation used DIgSILENT Powerfactory 14.1 to obtain losses data of the feeder. PV penetration location is varied from the nearest substation to the farthest bus from substation. The losses characteristics as the shift of the installation location of the PV to the end of the feeder produces the second order polynomial graph (y = ax2 - bx + c, a> 0) and the function graph of x with the negative (y = ax-c). This characteristic is used in calculation with C programming to determine the optimal location and capacity of PV, where the result of determining the optimum point is in accordance with the result of simulation, but it has different value of feeder power loss of 11.18 %. By simulation, optimal PV location with range 42.1% - 89.47% or average 67.25% feeder length from substation with 80% - 90% penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper presents an economic evaluation to choose the most benefecial investment of photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation based on technical calculation of optimum PV location and capacity to reduce power losses. Input of economical evaluation is using the output calculation of technical analyses which has been calculate in previous study. The technical evaluation calculate the optimal PV location to reduce feeder power loss by using sample of 7 type of radial distribution, 5 feedersfrom Indonesia State Electricity Company (PLN) and 2 from IEEE, which calculated by DIgSILENT 14.1. The optimal location that has been calculated is used as a based location to find out the optimum PV capacity to be installed by using some economical parameter. The annual savings from feeder loss reduction, the annual revenue of PV power sales, the initial capital investment cost for a PV and the operating and maintenance (O&M) cost are then taken into account to evaluate the benefit and cost of the PV investment to covers analyses of net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period (PP). All of economic methods calculation is compared to get the most beneficial investment. Based on calculation, with proper selection of PV and capacities, the investment can be profitable by choosing NPV based-decision. Mathematical equation characteristic of the results by these indicators is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study investigates the influence of varying financial parameters to the economic analysis of a proposed feeder, by using the sensitivity analysis which is the common methodology in order to find out the uncertainties in any assessments, the impact of specific parameters of any numerical analysis and the consequences of certain assumptions. The feeder system examined in this study will be varied in term of its PV penetration, ranged from 60% to 100%. The study's objective is to identify the most sensitive economic variable in different economic analysis namely: interest rate of return (IRR), rate of investment (ROI) and payback period (PP), and under net present value (NPV). As the results, this study found that PV cost and electricity price are the most influencers to those economic analysis. Under IRR, ROI and PP, it is identified that PV cost predominantly affect the results of analysis. However, under NPV, the electricity price is changed dramatically than PV cost. The result of NPV changes around -72.46% and 131.90%, while the price goes down and up at 50% of its original value, respectively. In another conclusion, this study found higher PV's penetration in the feeder system will also rise the variable's sensitivity level, however, it is not significant enough compared with the change from every examined financial parameters by using sensitivity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective this analysis aims to explore midwives’ insights into the provision of long-acting and permanent methods of contraception (LAPMs) in the selected areas of East Java and Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Provinces, Indonesia. Design a qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted with 12 village midwives from 12 villages, to explore their perceptions and experiences in delivering family planning services. Setting the study was carried out in May-June 2013, as part of the baseline assessment in the Improving Contraceptive Method Mix (ICMM) study. We interviewed 12 village midwives working in 12 villages in six study districts: Tuban, Kediri, and Lumajang Districts in East Java Province; and Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur, and Sumbawa Districts in NTB Province. Measurement an interview guideline was used in all interviews. It covered several topics, such as community perceptions of LAPMs, availability of contraception and related equipment, availability of human resources, and midwives' efforts to improve LAPM coverage. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Content and thematic analyses were carried out by grouping and coding the information based on the identified themes and topics. Findings according to village midwives interviewed in this study, community-level acceptance of LAPMs has increased over time; however, some still prefer using short-acting methods for a long period. The reasons include lack of awareness about the benefits and side effects of LAPMs, fear of surgical procedures, rumored consequences (for example, that LAPMs would limit women's ability to perform hard physical labor), and religious beliefs. There were several challenges reported by village midwives in delivering LAPM services, such as confusion about midwives' eligibility to provide LAPM services, lack of Contraceptive Technology Update (CTU) and counseling trainings, and shortage of supporting equipment (such as exam tables and IUD and implant insertion kits). There were several strategies implemented by village midwives to improve LAPM use, including strengthening the counseling services, accompanying clients to higher health facilities to obtain LAPM services, and providing services for groups of clients. All village midwives emphasized the importance of strengthening collaboration among stakeholders to increase the uptake of LAPM services. Key conclusions as midwives are the main family planning providers in Indonesia, efforts to address their challenges is essential. Enabling a supportive policy environment, strengthening promotional activities, increasing the number of training programs designed for village midwives—in addition to enhancing inter-sectoral collaboration—are some recommendations to improve LAPM uptake in study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer. The current total plantation areas are approximately 8 million hectares. There are opportunities to exploit palm oil waste to replace fossil fuels. This paper presents the design of biomass stove with palm kernel shells. Stove performance testing includes combustion air flow, combustion temperature and water boiling test. The stove performance test shows the stove with combustion chamber diameter of 20cm, height of 25cm and burner air opening at 75% has good fuel efficiency and combustion temperature. It has efficiency of 66,63% and average combustion temperature of 682,590C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extraordinary disruptions to education systems globally, forcing a rapid switch from conventional to online education. Although some qualitative studies have been carried out exploring the online education experiences of nursing students and faculty members during the COVID-19 pandemic, to our knowledge, no study has used the Photovoice approach. To explore the experiences of nursing students and faculty members as related to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative design using Photovoice was adopted. The study took place across five countries and one city in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Hong Kong). Fifty-two nursing students and twenty-eight nursing faculty members who participated in online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Each participant submitted one photo substantiated with written reflections. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from institution-specific ethics boards. Three themes and eleven sub-themes emerged from the data. The three main themes were: 1) Psychological roadblocks to online education; 2) Developing resilience despite adversities; and 3) Online education: What worked and what did not. Through Photovoice, the reflections revealed that nursing students and faculty members were generally overwhelmed with the online education experience. At the same time, participants were satisfied with the flexibility and convenience, opportunities for professional and personal development and safety afforded by online education. However, concerns over academic integrity, practical skills and clinical competencies, engagement and participation, the duality of technology and social isolation out-shadowed the advantages. It is worthwhile to explore the concerns raised to enhance online education across the nursing curriculum. • Existing literature on Photovoice to explore participants' experiences and perceptions during COVID-19 is limited. • Flexibility, convenience, safety, and opportunities for development were most appreciated by students and faculties. • Academic integrity, skills, competency, engagement, participation, technology duality and social isolation were important. • Institutions should consider a hybrid/blended learning approach to sustain learning progress and goals. • More studies triangulating the experiences of different stakeholders in the educational system is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of many. Particularly, nursing students experience greater stress as their normal curriculum is interrupted and some of them face the risk of being infected as frontline workers. Nursing faculty members may face similar struggles, in addition to developing teaching materials for online learning. Thus, it is important to examine the faculty members' and students' views on their ability to adapt during the pandemic to obtain a holistic view of how learning and training has been affected. The descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design was used. Data were collected from Southeast and East Asian Nursing Education and Research Network (SEANERN) affiliated nursing institutions from January 2021 to August 2021. A total of 1897 nursing students and 395 faculty members from SEANERN-affiliated nursing institutions in Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam were recruited for this study. Quantitative surveys were used to explore the satisfaction levels in education modalities, confidence levels, psychosocial well-being, sense of coherence and stress levels of nursing students and faculty members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were mostly satisfied with the new education modalities, although most students felt that their education was compromised. Both groups showed positive levels of psychosocial well-being, despite scoring low to medium on the sense of coherence scale and experiencing great stress. The participants' sense of coherence was positively correlated with their psychosocial well-being and negatively correlated with stress levels. While the COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted the lives of nursing students and faculty members, most of them had a healthy level of psychosocial well-being. Having a strong sense of coherence was associated with better psychosocial health and lower stress levels. As such, it may be helpful to develop interventions aimed at improving the sense of coherence of nursing students and staff to help them manage stressors better. • COVID-19 has largely affected the lives of nursing students and faculty members. • Satisfaction with learning modalities was positively correlated with students' confidence in their nursing abilities. • Sense of coherence was positively correlated with mental well-being. • Experience of acute stress symptoms is correlated with lower sense of coherence. • Results suggest that having a stronger sense of coherence improves stress coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aquaculture centers in Yogyakarta located in Sleman District. The main contributors to fish farming in Sleman came from Sendangsari village, Minggir sub district. Fish farming carried out by individuals or groups. By 2010, this area accounts for 77,2% of total fish production in Sleman, Yogyakarta. One of the problems of fish growing in ponds is the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the water. In the fish farming business, the ability to maintain water quality is the key of improving fishery production capacity. The solution to maintaining water quality is the implementation of the aeration with renewable energy source. Based on the geographical region, fish pond located away from power lines. So, it is necessary to use local potentials of renewable energy such as solar energy. The annual average solar radiation in Indonesia is 4.5 kWh/m2/day with 9% monthly variation. The main objective of the present study is to design the optimum sizing of electric power design to support the electricity demand of fish pond aeration system. Applied methodology provides a simple approach for sizing electricity system using HOMER software (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) to fulfill the requirement of 450 Wh/day primary load with 1.692 Wh/day peak load. The result of the analysis is a list of feasible configuration power system sorted according to the cost of energy (COE). The result show the optimal sizing of photovoltaic 1kW, 8 battery of 200 Ah and inverter 0,2kW. This is the most economically feasible and least cost of energy (COE) is about 0,769 $/kWh. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aquaculture centers in Yogyakarta located in Sleman District. The main contributors to fish farming in Sleman came from Sendangsari village, Minggir sub district. In an effort to develop production, the government helped to provide the technology assets to one group of fish farmers Sembada Mina Mandiri with solar-powered aeration technology. People still need assistance on utilization of solar energy application, operating and maintenance capabilities. Some of university student in Indonesia conduct the student creativity program to assist the community, also known as program kreativitas mahasiswa (PKM). This student creativity program has the purpose to the community so they can utilize their own technology assets and maintain the sustainability of the utilization of renewable energy sources (solar energy). PKM program includes education about solar energy systems technologies, operating practices, maintenance and security of operations and improving aeration system. Dissemination of information to various media is expected to provide inspiration, knowledge and success story in order to prepare the public for renewable energy technologies. With the increasing readiness of the community then penetration of the technology would be better to strengthen the rapidly growing real sector economic activities. The results of the implementation of the PKM program showed an increased ability of the communities to utilize and maintain technology assets. This is showed from the increase in knowledge and the regularly daily operations of the solar panel system. Another indicator of success, there are 4 people from Sembada Mina Mandiri member responsible as the operator of daily operations, the increased strength of partnerships between communities and the various parties, especially with the Gadjah Mada University and the Ministry for Research and Technology of Indonesia, so that it would be more sustainable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This research has an objective to determine shear capacity of a reinforced concrete beam with different cross section types of lateral reinforcement. The specimens used in this research are made from a reinforced concrete beam with its dimension is 100mm width times 150mm height and f/ c = 18MPa. The beam has 2#2 tension reinforcement lie at the bottom of the beam, and 2#2 reinforcement lie at the upper side of the beam to maintain the position of shear reinforcement. Shear reinforcement provide by ϕ4mm steel reinforcement spaced every 150mm – 200mm at the middle of the beam. This shear reinforcement area fulfill minimum limit ratio specified in ACI 318-08. The test results indicated that no significant differences for shear capacity from each types of shear reinforcement cross section. But open stirrups can be considered as a practical use in the construction field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We have investigated effects of MgO buffer layers and its annealing on the structural quality of ZnO layers grown on Al2O3(0001) by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (P-MBE). It was found that surface morphology and crystalline quality of ZnO layers were improved by employing thin MgO buffer layers. Furthermore, annealing of the MgO buffer at high temperatures enhanced the surface migration of adatoms, leading to the formation of larger terraces and smoother surface morphology. We speculate that the relaxation of strain in the MgO buffer contributes to lowering of the surface energy. The dislocation density of ZnO layers was also reduced from 5.3×109 cm−2 to 1.9×109 cm−2 by annealing a low temperature (LT) MgO buffer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The volume and value of fish catches by Indonesia's small-scale fisheries have declined significantly since national government restrictions on travel and social distancing were imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a digital data collection system (OurFish), that records purchases by fish traders from small-scale fishers, data was collected across 82 coastal communities in Southeast Sulawesi. We found that the number of active fishers and traders declined by more than 90% after the onset of the pandemic and the average weight of catch per fishing trip increased across fishers. Although the average price per kilogram of fish declined after the pandemic began, fishers that were able to maintain fishing had on average higher catches and therefore daily catch value was maintained. High value fisheries that usually enter export supply chains were more negatively impacted compared with lower value species that are commonly sold to local markets. We interviewed 185 small scale fishers and fish traders across 20 of the 82 communities in Southeast Sulawesi province, recording the perceived level of impact on local fisheries and the fish trade, causes of this impact and proposed coping strategies. Over 50% of both fishers and fish traders believed low demand for fish from traders and a decline in the price received for fish were disrupting their lives. Approximately 75% of both male and female fishers are coping by continuing to fish, highlighting that there were few alternative livelihoods available at the time of the interviews. Our results provide key insights into the vulnerability of small-scale fishing communities to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. • Fishing and fish trading sharply declined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. • Declines in fish prices caused disruption to fishing community livelihoods. • Fishers and fish traders coped with the pandemic by continuing to fish. • Coping strategies of fishers and traders to the pandemic vary with gender. • Fishing communities are vulnerable to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the successful growth of Ga-polar GaN epilayers on O-polar ZnO templates pre-deposited on c-sapphire. Prior to GaN growth, NH3 is exposed onto the ZnO template. The polarity of the GaN layers is confirmed by etching of the surface and by conversion beam electron diffraction (CBED), while the O-polar ZnO is confirmed by CBED. It is suggested that the NH3 pre-exposure helps form a Zn3N2 layer, which possesses inversion symmetry and inverts the crystal from anion polar to cation polar. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sunda Strait is the outflow strait of the South China Sea branch of the Pacific to Indian Ocean Throughflow. The annual mean volume transport through the Sunda Strait is around 0.25 Sv from the Java Sea to the eastern Indian Ocean, only 2.5% of the IndonesianThroughflow, and thus has been ignored by previous investigations. However, the Nutrient concentrations in the Sunda Strait and its vicinity are found highly related to the water transport through the Sunda Strait. Particularly, our observation shows significant intraseasonal variability (ISV) of currents at period around 25–45 days in the Sunda Strait. Both remote and local wind forcing contribute to the ISVs in the Sunda Strait. The intraseasonal oscillation of sea surface wind in the central Indian Ocean drives upwelling/downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves to propagate along the equator and subsequently along the Sumatra-Java coasts, resulting in negative/positive sea level anomalies in the south of the Sunda Strait. The local intraseasonal sea surface wind anomalies also tend to induce negative/positive sea level anomalies in the south of the Sunda Strait by offshore/onshore Ekman transport while there are upwelling/downwelling events. The ensuring sea level gradient associated with the sea level anomalies in the south of the Sunda Strait induces intraseasonal outflow (from Indian Ocean to Java Sea) and inflow (from Java Sea to Indian Ocean) through the strait. Analyses also show that the chlorophyll-a concentrations in the south of the Sunda Strait are lower/higher during the inflow/outflow period of the ISV events in March through May. The mechanism attributes to both the nutrient-rich water transported by the intraseasonal flow in the Sunda Strait and by the upwelling and Ekman transport driven by the local sea surface wind anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is facing a number of independently managed challenges related to the collection, transportation, processing (composting, recycling), and landfill dependence on waste management. An intervention is needed to bring stakeholders together to solve these waste challenges. The objectives of this study are to investigate the fundamental issues and opportunities and to develop a sustainable and smart country-wide waste management system using industry 4.0 technologies. The system should provide a multi-dimensional approach, determine the maturity level of the waste management system in a technical method, and pursue the goal of designing a new strategy to minimise waste management problems. A comprehensive systematic literature review, intensive focus group discussions, and direct observation in Indonesian cities were approaches used to develop waste management business processes and their system design. Waste business processes consist of mixed-collecting, sorting, transporting, varied-treatment, and chained-disposal. The design of the proposed waste management system presents circular economy processes that can separate municipal waste, identify waste characteristics, and determine sustainable waste treatment technologies through the use of Internet of Thing (IoT) as the integrator. This study contributes to the sustainable development goals (SDG's) such as Good health, and wellbeing (SDG 3); Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6); Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8); Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12) and Climate Action (SDG 13). The study proposes a new design of smart and sustainable waste management which could achieve satisfactory economic, social, and environmental waste management performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]