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Effects of Cl − accumulation on corrosion behavior of the three steels (20,304L and 316L) in H 2 S/CO 2 MDEA desulfuring aqueous solution was investigated by using a HT (high temperature) autoclave, and the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). Electrochemical measurements such as polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were adopted to analyze the effects of Cl − concentration on the corrosion. Weight loss tests showed that corrosion rate of three steels (20, 304L and 316L) appeared as a reversal “v” shape and reached the peak at 20,000 mg/L Cl − content. SEM, EDX and XRD results showed that the corrosion scales were mainly FeS, FeS 2 and FeCO 3 , and the corrosion process was mainly controlled by H 2 S, furthermore, CO 2 corrosion further weakened as the chlorine ions content increased. Electrochemical studies suggested that, with the rise in chlorine ions content, the corrosion potential shifted negatively, and the activation and dissolution of mental anode accelerated, which can be attributed to the penetration and absorption effect of chloride ion. In addition, chlorine ions competitive absorption also played an important role in corrosion process. Therefore, to prolong the service life of desulfuring equipment, it is suggested that 20 steel not be used in units and facilities with large acid gas load at high temperature and the mass concentration of chloride ion content in the desurfuring MDEA solution should be controlled at a low level with the consideration of its complex effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We described an uncommon aortic arch anomaly in fetus, 1 case of right aortic arch with isolated LSA, 2 cases of right aortic arch with isolated LBA and one case of left aortic arch with isolated RSA. • We described a very rare anatomic variation:left retro-aortic brachiocephalic vein. • We analyze the pathology of isolated subclavian artery or isolated brachiocephalic artery. Isolated subclavian or brachiocephalic artery are uncommon aortic arch anomalies. Here we report the anatomy and histology of this disease. Four cases of congenital isolated subclavian or brachiocephalic artery in fetuses are described. We identified one case of right aortic arch with isolated left subclavian artery associated with the tetralogy of Fallot, two cases of right aortic arch with isolated left brachiocephalic artery (one case with left retro-aortic brachiocephalic vein), and one case of left aortic arch with isolated right subclavian artery associated with coarctation of the aorta and cervical aortic arch. The proximal subclavian or brachiocephalic artery is arterial duct. Aortic arches with an isolated subclavian or brachiocephalic artery are often associated with the tetralogy of Fallot. It also can be associated with rare abnormalities such as left retro-aortic brachiocephalic vein or cervical aortic arch. Isolated LBA can be associated with microdeletion chromosome 22q11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the surgical treatment of a rare case of primary cardiac paraganglioma with an intratumoral coronary artery aneurysm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Cardiac fibroma is a rare benign primary heart tumor. Previous studies have focused on imaging and surgical treatment, but studies on pathology are rarely reported. • We studied and analyzed 12 cases of cardiac fibroma by H&E staining, special staining, immunohistochemical staining and gene testing and discussed the pathological characteristics and differential diagnoses of cardiac fibroma. • In this series, we found one rare case with the largest cardiac fibroma found thus far. • Histologically, infant and young child patients with fibromas were different from adult patients with fibromas. • Cardiac fibromas had a wide morphological spectrum of soft tissue tumors with fibroblastic or myofibroblastic differentiation and/or component. The histological image of cardiac fibroma in infants shows some overlap with inflammatory myofibroblastoma. Cardiac fibroma (CF) is a rare tumor that has not been widely reported. This study investigated the clinical findings, histologic features, and differential diagnosis of CF. A total of 12 CF cases were studied and reviewed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special staining and immunohistochemical staining. The ALK gene was tested in 4 cases of cardiac fibroma with significant inflammatory cells. Clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed and followed up. The cases occurred in six males and six females ranging in age from 0.5 to 55 years (median, 5 years). The tumors were grossly single and solid (1–17 cm; mean 5.6 cm). The clinical signs and symptoms depended largely on the location of the tumor. Microscopically, the CFs observed were composed of monomorphic spindle cells and abundant collagen. The spindle cells demonstrated little or no atypia. The histology of CFs in infants and young children showed some differences from those in adults. Infants and young children with fibromas exhibited cellular types with more inflammatory infiltration. All tumors expressed vimentin markers. Eleven of 12 cases (91.7%) were positive for SMA by immunohistochemistry. ALK immunostaining and ALK-FISH tests showed negative results. Follow-up information was available for all patients. The mean postoperative follow-up was at 3 years (range 2 months–8.8 years). All patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Our study shows that CFs exhibit a wide morphological spectrum of soft tissue tumors with fibroblastic or myofibroblastic differentiation and/or components. Infants and younger pediatric patients with fibromas have tumors that are more hypercellular and more likely to be misdiagnosed with aggressive or malignant lesions than adults. Finally, the data indicate that CF exhibits benign behavior and that local resection is safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary cardiac synovial sarcoma was an exceedingly rare tumor that less reported. The study investigated the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of primary cardiac synovial sarcoma. A total of five cardiac synovial sarcoma cases were assessed and reviewed using H&E, immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization staining methods. Clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed and followed up. The cases occurred in four males and one female ranging in age from 23 to 48 years (mean, 32 years). The tumors were grossly large and solid (7.4–13.7 cm; mean 8.6 cm). Microscopically, clinical cases were biphasic (n = 2) and monophasic (n = 3) types and were diffusely immunoreactive for EMA, vimentin, and BCL-2. All cases demonstrated SS18 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization staining. Clinically, three patients died within 1 year after surgery, while one patient had bone metastasis and still carried the disease. One last patient underwent a heart transplant and survived without evidence of the disease. Cardiac synovial sarcoma was an aggressive tumor whose differentiation may be a continuous and complex morphologic spectrum. SS18 rearrangement demonstration by fluorescence in situ hybridization was decisive in our study for differential diagnosis of cardiac synovial sarcoma and other tumors. Cardiac synovial sarcoma usually endured poor survival rates. Patients in advanced stages may undergo heart transplantation as a means of improving their survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]