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Hand-sewn anastomosis and stapled anastomosis are the 2 main types of gastrojejunal anastomotic methods in pancreaticoduodenectomy. There is ongoing debate regarding the most effective anastomotic method for reducing delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy. This study aims to identify factors that influence delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy and assess the impact of different anastomotic methods on delayed gastric emptying. The study included 1,077 patients who had undergone either hand-sewn anastomosis (n = 734) or stapled anastomosis (n = 343) during pancreaticoduodenectomy between December 2016 and November 2021 at our department. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, and a 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to balance confounding variables. After propensity score matching, 320 patients were included in each group. Compared with the stapled anastomosis group, the hand-sewn anastomosis group had a significantly lower incidence of delayed gastric emptying (28 [8.8%] vs 55 [17.2%], P =.001) and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (6 [1.9%] vs 17 [5.3%], P =.02). Additionally, the hand-sewn anastomosis group had a significantly reduced postoperative length of stay and lower hospitalization expenses. However, the hand-sewn anastomosis group had a significantly longer operative time, which was consistent with the analysis before propensity score matching. Logistic regression analysis showed that stapled anastomosis, intra-abdominal infection, and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula were independent prognostic factors for delayed gastric emptying. Hand-sewn anastomosis was associated with a lower incidence rate of clinically relevant delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Stapled anastomosis, intra-abdominal infection, and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula could increase the incidence of postoperative clinically relevant delayed gastric emptying. Hand-sewn anastomosis should be considered by surgeons to reduce the occurrence of postoperative delayed gastric emptying and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The evolution, basic principles and characteristics of DL are summarized. • Eight typical DL structures and five popular frameworks are introduced. • The feasibility and adaptability of DL applied to frequency issues is analyzed. • Review and analyze current research of DL in frequency applications. • Systematically discuss effectiveness of DL and potential research directions. The penetration of renewable energy resources (RES) generation and the interconnection of regional power grids in wide area and large scale have led the modern power system to exhibit more and more complex dynamic features, such as time-varying nonlinearity, uncertainty, data diversity, and local observability. The increasing complexity of power system's dynamic characteristics makes the traditional analysis and control methods inefficient, even invalid. As a new technology path of Machine Learning, Deep learning (DL) has distinct advantages in solving complex problems such as power system frequency analysis and control due to its powerful ability of data analysis, prediction, and classification. This paper reviews the history, state of art and the future of the DL's application in power system frequency analysis and control. Firstly, the basic principle and research progress of DL, the training methods, typical structures, and application peculiarity of DL were introduced. Secondly, the application status of DL in frequency situation awareness, frequency security and stability assessment, and frequency regulation and control were summarized, and the adaptability of DL application to each kind of issue was discussed. Finally, the development trend of DL and its application in power system frequency were prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impacts of zinc sulphate and cupric chloride on characteristics and antioxidant capacities of glycated products (GPs) derived from casein hydrolysate (CH) and xylose were studied. The browning degree of xylose–CH GPs was the largest at zinc sulphate addition of 15 mg L−1, while its browning degree increased with cupric chloride extended from 0 to 15 mg L−1. Loss of free amino groups, fluorescence intensity and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity of xylose–CH GPs increased with the increase of cupric chloride addition, but loss of amino groups, fluorescence intensity and DPPH radical scavenging capacity were largest at the zinc sulphate addition of 15 mg L−1. The addition of zinc sulphate and cupric chloride promoted production of higher and smaller molecular substances in xylose–CH GPs and CH. Therefore, zinc sulphate and cupric chloride promoted glycated reaction of xylose and CH and enhanced antioxidant activity of xylose–CH GPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounds containing Michael acceptor units display a wide variety of biological effects, and have attracted much attention in medicinal chemistry. In this paper, we designed and synthesized a panel of para -quinone methides (p -QMs) derivatives, classified as electron-deficient alkenes, and evaluated their cytotoxicity against cancer cells. These results revealed that drawing substituents into the ortho -position of the phenyl ring could obviously strengthen the cytotoxicity of p -QMs derivatives compared with that of meta - and para -substituents. Further biological studies demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of p -QMs derivatives originated from their ROS-generation abilities, which could further disrupt the redox balance, lipid peroxidation, the loss of MMP, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. 1h also exhibited potent antitumor activity through inhibiting TrxR and activating Bax and caspase 3 expression in vitro and in vivo , and 1h had certain safety in vivo. Moreover, the electrophilicity of the Michael acceptor, which could covalently modify with the TrxR, play a potent role in the ROS generation. From the perspective of chemistry, we affirmed that p -QMs derivatives could rapidly covalent binding with cysteamine, and the addition product was characterized by 1H NMR. Together, these new p -QMs derivatives may possess potential as leads for development of effective antitumor agents. [Display omitted] • p -QMs derivatives exhibited moderate to good cytotoxicity on cancer cells. • p -QMs derivatives showed strong electrophilicity and rapidly reacted with cysteamine. • p -QMs derivative 1h displayed potent antitumor activity by inhibiting TrxR in vitro and in vivo. • 1h had certain safety in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a cancer with high mortality and low survival, the early detection of which is hampered by the absence of specific symptoms until an advanced stage is reached. No reliable early screening tool for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is currently available. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) methylation has emerged as a promising new type of biomarker for blood-based early detection of multiple types of cancer. As a part of the PanSeerX study, which aims to discover robust ctDNA methylation markers for multicancer early screening, a customised pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-specific targeted methylation sequencing panel has been preliminarily developed and validated for its accuracy in classifying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from retrospective clinical plasma samples.Methods: We led a single-centre retrospective pilot study at the Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China, where 62 adult patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 393 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled after written consent was obtained from each participant. Individuals with previous cancer diagnosis were excluded. Blood samples were drawn from all participants. A methylation target sequencing panel covering 1601 potential pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma methylation markers, which were collected from our previous PanSeer study and other related studies, identified by mining the public methylomic datasets The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, or discovered from the analysis of in-house reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing data, was designed and technically validated. The panel was then applied to test the collected plasma samples at mean a sequencing depth of 1000× per target to quantify the methylation levels and patterns on the targets. A two-layer deep neural network model was built to classify cancer and healthy samples from the sequencing data. The robustness of entire approach was verified with a 3× cross-validation by randomly splitting samples into training set and test set at a 2:1 ratio. This study was approved by the Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University (reference number CHEC2021-165).Findings: All blood samples were used in the development and validation of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma panel. The average area under the curve of the training dataset during the 3× validation was 1·000 (95% CI 0·999-1·000; sensitivity 100·0% [95% CI 100·0-100·0; specificity 99·0%, [98·6-99·5]). The average area under the curve of the testing dataset during the 3× validation was 0·987 (95% CI 0·971-0·996; sensitivity 89·0% [95% CI 75·0-100·0]; specificity 96·0% [92·3-100·0]). Notably, this model is highly sensitive to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of stages I and II, achieving a sensitivity of 81% for stage I and 88% for stage II, showing its ability to detect early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Interpretation: Our preliminary results show that our pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-detecting panel is highly accurate in classifying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma plasma from healthy controls using ctDNA methylation markers. Its high sensitivity for stages I and II pancreatic cancer is especially promising for further optimisation into diagnostics for blood-based, early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma screening. On the basis of these results, a larger, multicentre study is currently underway, which not only enrolled a higher number of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases and healthy controls, but also included samples from acute and chronic pancreatitis to comprehensive evaluate our pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-detecting panel's accuracy in classifying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma plasma against non-malignant controls. The results of this study are expected to be reported later in 2022.Funding: The National Key Research and Development Project of China (grant 2019YFC1315904), the 234 Discipline Climbing Plan Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University (grant 2019YXK033), and the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hexaploid synthetic wheat line CIGM86.944 displays hairy glumes. • Bulked segregant analysis and RNA-sequencing (BSR-Seq) was performed to develop the SNP, KASP and SSR markers for constructing a linkage map. • Hg2 was mapped to 2.02 cM genetic interval corresponding to ∼1.08 Mb (754.0–755.1 Mb) on chromosome 2BL in the Chinese Spring reference genome. • Two potential candidate genes were identified as possible regulating development of glume hairiness by gene annotation and expressed analysis. Glume hairiness or pubescence that occurs in hexaploid common wheat and its relatives at different ploidy levels is a distinct morphological marker. Current knowledge about the genetic control of wheat glume hairiness is based on study of Hg1 (formerly Hg) on chromosome 1AS. Here, we report characterization of a new locus for hairy glume Hg2 in synthetic hexaploid wheat line CIGM86.944. Hg2 was inherited a dominant allele. Bulked segregant analysis and RNA-sequencing (BSR-Seq) was performed on an F 2:3 population from cross CIGM86.944 × Shannong 29 (glabrous glume), which localized Hg2 in a 2.02 cM genetic interval corresponding to ∼1.08 Mb (754,001,564–755,082,433 Mb) on chromosome 2BL in the Chinese Spring reference genome. Gene annotation and expression identified TraesCS2B02 G562300.1 encoding diacylglycerol kinase 5 protein and TraesCS2B02 G561400.1 encoding a wound-responsive family protein as possible candidate genes regulating development of glume hairiness. The identification of Hg2 provides new insights into the genetic control of glume hairiness in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]