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Highlights: [•] Previously, PyTAM DNA vaccine was partially protective with low antibody production. [•] PEI and γ-PGA complex as delivery system could augment PyTAM protective immune response by increasing DCs activation and concomitant induction of IL-12 and IFN-γ in immunized mice. [•] Using mouse anti-PyTAM antibody, PyTAM was revealed to be expressed in the schizont stage parasite and located on the parasitophorous vacuole. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An important aspect in optimizing DNA vaccination is antigen delivery to the site of action. In this way, any alternative delivery system having higher transfection efficiency and eventual superior antibody production needs to be further explored. The novel nanoparticle, pDNA/PEI/γ-PGA complex, is one of a promising delivery system, which is taken up by cells and is shown to have high transfection efficiency. The immunostimulatory effect of this novel nanoparticle (NP) coated plasmid encoding Plasmodium yoelii MSP1-C-terminus was examined. Groups of C57BL/6 mice were immunized either with NP-coated MSP-1 plasmid, naked plasmid or NP-coated blank plasmid, by three different routes of administration; intravenous (i.v.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c). Mice were primed and boosted twice at 3-week intervals, then challenged 2 weeks after; and 100%, 100% and 50% mean of survival was observed in immunized mice with coated DNA vaccine by i.p., i.v. and s.c., respectively. Coated DNA vaccine showed significant immunogenicity and elicited protective levels of antigen specific IgG and its subclass antibody, an increased proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and INF-γ and IL-12 levels in the serum and cultured splenocyte supernatant, as well as INF-γ producing cells in the spleen. We demonstrate that, NP-coated MSP-1 DNA-based vaccine confers protection against lethal P. yoelii challenge in murine model across the various route of administration and may therefore, be considered a promising delivery system for vaccination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Identification of a novel extracellular laccase in Microcystis flos-aquae. • Enhanced bioremediation potential for azo dyes. • Successful rapid decolorization of Cibacron Brilliant Blue. • Introduction of an eco-friendly green oxidation method. • Laccase activity was effective across a wide pH spectrum. • The bioremediation process was efficient at various temperatures. Textile industries discharge up to 280,000 tons of dye waste annually, resulting in global pollution and health risks. In Nigeria and other African countries, persistent dyes threaten aquatic life and human health. This study introduces a cost-effective, enzyme-mediated bioremediation alternative using a novel laccase from the cyanobacterium Microcystis flos-aquae. This purified enzyme yielded 0.55 % (w/w) with significant activity at 40 °C and pH 4.00. Kinetic studies showed the dependence of M. flos-aquae laccase on Cu2+ and its inhibition by EDTA and Fe2+. The efficacy of the enzyme was demonstrated through rapid decolorization of the azo dye Cibacron Brilliant Blue over a wide temperature and pH range. As this enzyme effectively decolorizes dyes across a broad temperature and pH range, it offers a promising solution for bioremediation of textile effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]