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The main objective of this article is to improve our understanding of the differences and similarities of these two anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor encephalitis, anti-GABAaR and anti-GABAbR. The data were systematically collected and we found 26 studies: seven studies and 37 patients corresponded to anti-GABAaR encephalitis, and 21 manuscripts and 116 patients were diagnosed with anti-GABAbR encephalitis. Both anti-GABAR encephalitis were marked by prominent seizures. Anti-GABAaR patients were younger and showed multifocal encephalitis. On the other hand, anti-GABAbR patients were older and showed temporal limbic encephalitis. Tumor occurred in a fifth of anti-GABAaR encephalitis and in half of anti-GABAbR encephalitis. The main tumor associated with anti-GABAbR encephalitis is SCLC, whereas the most common tumor associated with anti-GABAaR encephalitis was thymoma. Our data confirms the differences in clinical features between both encephalitis. • Even antibodies against different classes of the same receptor cause distinctive clinical phenotypes • Anti-GABAaR patients were younger and showed multifocal encephalitis. • Anti-GABAbR patients were older and showed temporal limbic encephalitis • The main tumor associated with anti-GABAbR encephalitis is small cell lung cancer. • However, whereas the most common tumor associated with anti-GABAaR encephalitis was thymoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system is a rare inflammatory vasculopathy and it is a difficult diagnosis to make because of its kaleidoscopic presentation and its multiple mimics, including multiple sclerosis. A 21-year-old men presented a four-year history of progressive gait deterioration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine showed hyperintense round-shaped lesions on T2 images, many with contrast enhancement, in supra/infratentorial and spinal segments. He received treatment for multiple sclerosis but presented clinical worsening, and follow-up neuroimaging showed persistent contrast enhancement lesions and a cerebellar hematoma. Brain biopsy was performed and demonstrated inflammatory infiltrations in blood vessels. The patient received 6 monthly schedules of 5 g methylprednisolone and 1 g cyclophosphamide with clinical stabilization. Our patient presented a primary angiitis central nervous system according to the Birnbaum and Hellmann proposed criteria. This case reinforces the importance of advancing the differential diagnosis of patients that present red flags in brain neuroimaging. The presence of the micro/macrobleeds and persistent contrast enhancing lesions should raise the suspicion of vasculitis in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]