Search

Single-site robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (ssRARP) has been successfully applied to treat prostate cancer. This review aims to describe the recent advances of surgical approaches, working accesses and novel robotic platforms in ssRARP. A systematic literature search was performed by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus databases in December 2022 to identify all literature related to ssRARP. A total of 48 relevant studies were found worldwide from 2008 to 2023. Since the introduction of ssRARP, various modifications of this technique in surgical approaches, working accesses and novel robotic platforms have been developed. The application of ssRARP using the da Vinci SP platform has shown great superiority with encouraging clinical outcomes. There has been a potential shift toward ssRARP using the da Vinci SP platform due to its potential advantages in terms of lower blood loss, minimal postoperative pain, better cosmetic outcome and rapid recovery. More convincing evidence, further technical improvement and higher cost-effectiveness are needed for its widespread acceptance. • ssRARP has advanced considerably in surgical approaches, working accesses and novel robotic platforms. • The transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches are the main surgical options for ssRARP. • There has been a potential shift toward ssRARP using the da Vinci SP platform due to its potential advantages. • There is a need for further technical improvement, enhancement of cost effectiveness, and more convincing evidence to support its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Despite increased utilization of robotic-assisted surgery in the pediatric population during the past decade, reports of comparative analysis between robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery are lacking. Our aim was to evaluate outcomes between pediatric robotic-assisted cholecystectomy (RC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: A single institution retrospective analysis of 299 patients undergoing either RC or LC, between January 2015 and December 2018 was performed. Demographic data as well as clinical characteristics and related outcomes were abstracted and compared using univariate analysis. Related hospital costs were estimated using a charge to cost methodology. Results: The median age of the cohort was 15.5 years (IQR 14.0–17.0); 76% females and 70% white, with 74% (n = 220) undergoing LC and 26% (n = 79) undergoing RC. The majority of RC were performed using single-site technique and RC proportion increased with time (10% in 2015 vs. 41% in 2018, p <0.001). The majority of RC were more commonly attributed to patients with nonacute indications for cholecystectomy compared to acute clinical indications (87% vs. 13%). Median operative time was 98 min vs. 79 min for RC and LC respectively (p <0.001). Median postoperative LOS was similar between groups (22 h). There were no significant differences in postoperative complication, in-hospital opioid utilization and 30-day readmissions. Average total hospital costs for RC were $15,519 compared to $11,197 for LC. Conclusions : Pediatric robotic-assisted cholecystectomy is feasible with similar outcomes compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, it is associated with longer operative times and higher costs. The single-site RC technique may provide a potential cosmetic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic laparoendoscopic single-site (R-LESS) seems to be the next route in advancing minimal invasive surgery, with the potential for better cosmetic results and reduced patient morbidity compared with multi-port surgery. This review describes the history and development of (R-LESS) gynecologic surgery and outlines the latest advancements in the realm of gynecology. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed and ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) were the main search engines utilized for retrieval of study data (1990 - present). The following subject headings and keywords were searched: "robotic laparoscopic single incision", "robotic laparoendoscopic single site", "single incision robotic surgery" and "single-port robotic surgery". All original research articles including randomized, non-randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, patient series, and case reports were included. The search produced a total of 1127 results. After duplicate removal, 452 remained, and each title and abstract was reviewed by 2 reviewers. Subsequently, 56 full texts were selected for full review and an additional 20 excluded, leaving 36 studies that were included in the final review. Based on the data gathered we reached the conclusion that R-LESS surgery is feasible, safe and has equivalent surgical outcomes as conventional LESS surgery; in addition to shorter recovery times, less postoperative pain and better cosmetic outcomes than robotic multi-port surgery. To conclude, R-LESS is a feasible approach with low complication rates, minimal blood loss and postsurgical pain, fast recovery, and virtually scar-free results. However, the lack of large comparative prospective randomized controlled studies prevents drawing absolute conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this mini-review, the state-of-the-art of transition metal catalyzed selective dimerization of ethylene to butenes is presented. Catalytic activities, operating conditions, as well as the C 4 and 1-butene/ cis - and trans -2-butene selectivities, are discussed. The scope of the review is 2000-present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metal coordination supramolecule constructed by 1,2,3-triazopyridine derivatives (PYTA) coordinated Pt(II) or Pd(II) can be worked as a cocatalyst to boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. [Display omitted] • 1,2,3-triazopyridine derivatives(PYTA) coordinated Pt(II) or Pd(II) supramolecular is constructed. • PYTA-Pd(II) and PYTA-Pt(II) are used as co-catalysts for photocatalytic H 2 evolution. • PYTA-Pd(II) and PYTA-Pt(II) enhance the charge transfer and H 2 evolution. • TOF of Pd(II) or Pt(II) is prominently higher than that of common Pd and Pt metal. In artificial photocatalysis, sluggish kinetics of surface redox reactions and high charge recombination have been the barriers to photocatalytic conversion efficiency. Herein, metallosupramolecular complexes PYTA-Pd(II) and PYTA-Pt(II) were constructed by 1,2,3-triazopyridine derivatives (PYTA) coordinated Pt(II) and Pd(II). Originating from their planar conjugate structure and metal active center, PYTA-Pd(II) and PYTA-Pt(II) worked as molecular co-catalysts that can not only reduce the energy barrier of hydrogen evolution but also promote charge transfer. When g-C 3 N 4 (CN) is loaded with PYTA-Pd(II) or PYTA-Pt(II), its photocatalytic H 2 evolution reaction activity increased by 264 and 303 times, respectively. Moreover, the turnover frequency (TOF) of the Pd(II) in the CN/PYTA-Pd(II) is 25.94-fold than that of the Pd metal in the CN/Pd photocatalyst. And the TOF of Pt(II) in the CN/PYTA-Pt(II) photocatalyst is 9.37-fold than that of the Pt metal in the CN/Pt photocatalyst. These metallosupramolecular co-catalysts represent a new and highly effective approach to boost photocatalytic H 2 evolution and have provided fertile new ground for creating high-efficiency photosynthesis systems, increasing the utilization efficiency of noble-metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrated a facile methodology to construct single Nb site catalysts with merely 0.63 wt% Nb by employing α-hydroxy carboxylic acid-functionalized cotton fiber as green and sustainable supporting material. The as-synthesized catalysts have been characterized thoroughly and exhibited a superior catalytic activity for selective oxidation of aniline into azoxybenzene with nearly 100% utilization efficiency of H 2 O 2 under mild and green conditions. Notably, it demonstrated the highest TOF (4806 h−1) among the currently reported heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, the catalyst has steadily been operated under continuous-flow conditions, which afforded significant benefits compared to batch processes as reported in these transformations. The activity test and catalyst characterization indicated that the atomically dispersed Nb-peroxo coordination centers were actually catalytic sites. Especially, the α-hydroxy carboxylic acid groups on cotton fiber played an important role in coordinating/stabilizing single Nb site. Moreover, 1H MAS NMR spectra verified that there exists an acid-base interaction between arylamines and free α-hydroxy carboxylic acid groups covalently grafted on cotton fiber, which was favorable for adsorption and activation of the substrates. Mechanism studies indicated that the azoxy derivatives were produced through condensation step between N-phenylhydroxylamine and nitrosobenzene rather than direct oxidation of azobenzene. The work provides an economical and environmentally friendly approach to construct single–site catalysts for the oxidation catalysis. [Display omitted] • Cotton fiber-supported single Nb site catalysts have been constructed by a facile approach. • The catalysts show superior performance for the continuous oxidation of arylamines to azoxybenzene. • The atomically dispersed Nb-peroxo coordination centers are catalytic sites. • There is an interaction of arylamines with free carboxylic acid groups on surface. • The interaction endows the oxidation reaction with outstanding catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A microphone can estimate the location and velocity of a moving acoustic source. • Data-driven approach provides state-of-the-art localization results. • Tradeoff between the accuracy of the estimated location and the estimated direction. • Reflections are vital for an accurate estimation of the location and velocity. • The algorithm is robust to noisy and reverberant environments. Source localization is a common problem in various fields and has applications in both military and civil sectors. Localization of acoustic sources generally requires a few microphones, but it is also possible to use a single microphone and data that was prerecorded in the same environment. Unfortunately, existing single-microphone localization methods are restricted to acoustic sources that have a fixed location. In this paper, we introduce a supervised method for estimating both the location and velocity of a moving acoustic source, using a single microphone based on a manifold learning approach. Simulation results demonstrate the sensitivity of the algorithm to variations in the speed of the sources, resulting in a tradeoff between the accuracy of the estimated location and the accuracy of the estimated direction. In addition, the results demonstrate the sensitivity to variations in direction and frame length of the received signal. The algorithm performs well in reverberant and noisy environments, yet is sensitive to environmental conditions changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Purpose Single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy has been associated with improved cosmetic benefits, and decreased postoperative pain. Less is known about costs and other outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the costs and outcomes between transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA) and multiport laparoscopic appendectomy (MLA). Methods IRB-approved retrospective review (September 2010–July 2013) of institutional medical records identified 372 pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. Outcomes included costs, LOS and readmission. Costs were fully loaded operating costs from the hospital’s cost accounting database. Generalized linear regression was used to assess costs of MLA and TULAA. A subgroup analysis was performed using only patients with non-perforated appendicitis. Results There were 132 patients (35.5%) that underwent TULAA while 240 patients (65.5%) underwent MLA. Compared to MLA, TULAA was associated with decreased operative time (0.6 vs. 1.0 h, p < 0.0001), used in comparable proportions of interval appendectomies, but was performed less often for perforated appendicitis (9.8% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.002). Readmission and postoperative complications were similar between both groups. In the setting of non-perforated appendicitis, TULAA was associated with lower costs of $1378 relative to MLA (p = 0.009). Conclusions In non-perforated appendicitis, TULAA is associated with lower costs and comparable rates of readmission and postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel lightning geolocation method for single-site is proposed. • The SLL-ResNet including three feature extraction branches and a feature fusion network is employed to locate lightning. • The model achieves a prediction error of 2.75–13.08% for the propagation distance of LEMP within a range of 1000 km. • The SLL-ResNet is available for all types of LEMP signals. A single-site lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) localization approach based on deep learning was proposed and practiced. The approach was based on a large amount of ground-based lightning location and waveform data in the VLF/LF frequency band. A model for predicting the propagation distance of LEMP based on a deep learning method was proposed. The model used multiple types of LEMP waveform data as well as location data for parameter learning. The new model for detecting lightning activity has been validated against ADTD systems. The verification results for thunderstorms in the range of 1000 km show that the relative error of the model for the prediction of signal propagation distance was 2.75–13.08%. Affected by the azimuth calculation error, the relative error of single-site geolocation was 4.91–15.26%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Homogeneous single-site alkene polymerization is a “mature” field. However, this does not imply that interest to this research area fades. Moreover, armed by well understood fundamentals of single-site polymerization, researchers get more and more detailed mechanistic data, important for the improvement of the existing catalyst systems, and rational design of new effective catalysts. This review aims at summarizing the new results obtained over the last few years in unraveling the mechanisms of coordination polymerization of α-olefins and selective oligomerization of ethylene. It is mainly focused on isospecific polymerization, living polymerization, polymerization by late transition metal complexes, and selective trimerization and tetramerization of ethylene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic-endoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) represents the closest surgical technique to scar-free surgery. Objective: To assess the feasibility of LESS radical nephrectomy (LESS-RN). Design, setting, and participants: Ten patients with body mass index (BMI) ≤30 underwent LESS-RN for renal tumour by two experienced laparoscopists. Surgical procedure: TriPort (Olympus Winter & Ibe, Hamburg, Germany) was inserted through a transumbilical incision. A combination of standard laparoscopic instruments and flexible grasper and scissors was used. A 5-mm 30° camera was also used. The standard laparoscopic transperitoneal nephrectomy technique was performed. Measurements: Patient demographics, operative details, and final pathology were prospectively recorded. Postoperative evaluation of pain and use of analgesic medication were recorded. Results and limitations: Ten cases were successfully accomplished (two right-sided tumours and eight left-sided tumours; tumour diameter ranges: 4–8cm). The mean patient age was 63.5 yr (22–77 yr), and median BMI was 23.56 (18.2–26.6). The mean operative time was 146.4min (120–180min), and the mean blood loss was 202ml (50–900ml). Pathological examination observed organ-confined T1 renal cell carcinoma in nine cases and pT3b tumour in one case. One bleeding complication occurred. Limitations regarding the intraoperative instrument ergonomics and the requirement for ambidexterity of the surgeon were noted. Conclusions: LESS-RN proved to be safe and feasible. Further clinical investigation in comparison to the established techniques should take place to evaluate the outcome of LESS-RN. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Dyssynchronous left ventricular (LV) contraction due to permanent right ventricular apex (RVA) pacing or delayed electrical activation as typically observed in left bundle brunch block (LBBB) has a negative impact on LV function. Objective was to evaluate the impact of epicardial single-site LV pacing in children on LV function and resynchronization. Patients: Single-site epicardial LV free wall pacing was established in 6 children with congenital heart disease and echocardiographic signs of LV dyssynchrony. Reasons for dyssynchrony were either long-term RVA pacing (n =5; pacing duration: 7.7±2.4 years) or LBBB with drug-resistant congestive heart failure (n =1). Results: After 1 month of single-site LV pacing, LV ejection fraction increased (41±6 versus 53±8%) and LV enddiastolic volume decreased (70±22 versus 63±18 ml/m2) as compared to pre-implant measurements. Interventricular mechanical delay decreased (67±15 versus 16±15 ms) and intraventricular synchrony was restored (septal-to-posterior wall motion delay: 312±24 versus 95±57 ms). Accordingly, circumferential 2D strain demonstrated a decrease of LV mechanical delay (201±35 versus 99±23 ms). Conclusion: After 1 month of single-site LV pacing, conventional and 2D strain derived echocardiographic measurements indicated improved ventricular function and synchronization in children with previous RVA pacing or LBBB. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether single-site LV pacing may be sufficient for resynchronization therapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The reactions of the bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium cation (1) with four imines have been studied in the gas phase by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Reactivity of the bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium cation is governed by the availability of a labile hydrogen in the corresponding imine. The products observed differ from those that might be expected in analogy with earlier work on ketones, aldehydes and alkenes (e.g., zirconocene η3-enolate and η3-allyl complexes): azomethyne/benzylidene species are found instead of enamines; however, the general reaction mechanism resembles that proposed for ketones and alkenes. An elimination reaction leading to final products was shown to be preceded by a fast migratory insertion/deinsertion equilibrium for alkyl-substituted imines. Such an equilibrium is not possible for aryl-substituted imines due to lack of lability of the aryl groups and thus only methane elimination was observed for these imines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) was performed on selected azaborolinyl zirconium complexes in order to study them as potential industrial polyolefin catalyst compounds. UV–vis absorption data in conjunction with negative and positive ionization analyses revealed the mechanistic workings of the compounds when such single-site catalysts function in olefin polymerization reactions. Results presented highlight the many benefits of LDI-MS in the study of single-site zirconium azaborolinyl catalyst complexes including minimal sample preparation, the absence of matrix/pH/solvation effects, a lower degree of fragmentation as compared to EI ionization, high sensitivity and the ability to observe interesting and unique gas phase chemistry including ring slippage, and distinctive metal coordination and oxidation states. The extreme lability of the chlorine ligands was apparent, as well as the reactivity of the resulting zirconium metal center as demonstrated by the appearance of numerous similar four-coordinate zirconium species along with di-chloro-bridged dimers. LDI-MS permits analysis at low molecular weights, improving spectral characterization of these zirconium complexes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This contribution describes a non-aqueous, molecular precursor approach to the preparation of mixed-element oxides, which allows a degree of molecular-level control over the nanostructure of the resulting materials. This approach, referred to as the thermolytic molecular precursor method, has been used to obtain highly dispersed mixed-element oxide materials. In some cases, this methodology provides heterogeneous catalysts which possess superior properties relative to catalysts with the same composition, but prepared by traditional aqueous methods. It has also been found that certain molecular precursors are useful for introduction of surface-bound catalytic species. With this method, multicomponent molecular precursors may be used to produce porous materials with nano-sized voids. This affords mixed-oxide materials with a homogeneous dispersion of metal atoms throughout the inorganic framework walls of a mesoporous material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Rhodium was deposited on pure and doped ceria surfaces. • Isolated sites were identified and quantified by CO-FTIR spectroscopy. • CeZrO 2 solid solution increased by 5-fold the fraction of isolated sites. • Stabilization of single Rh sites improved activity in CO oxidation. In this work, atomically dispersed rhodium over co-precipitated ceria-based supports were prepared by wet impregnation. The structural and surface properties of materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, N 2 physisorption isotherms, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fraction of isolated sites was quantified by infrared spectroscopy using CO as a probe molecule. The formation of a defective surface by incorporation of 15% (mol/mol) of zirconium on ceria structure increased ~5-fold the fraction of isolated sites on catalyst compared to unmodified ceria. The doped-support efficiently trapped rhodium atoms avoiding agglomeration and increasing stability during CO oxidation reaction in a wide range of temperatures (30–200 °C) when compared to single-sites deposited on silica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An insightful review on heterogeneous methanol carbonylation with mechanism. • The emphasis on coordinationally or ionically supported new Rh carbonylation centers. • The thoroughly studied Ir-La/C system with a different center from homogeneous one. • The emphasis on combination with "single-site" and "ionically bound mode". • Iodine-free and green zeolites suffer from low activity and two-step process. Contrast to the homogeneous methanol carbonylation with inevitable separation issue, important progresses have been made on the development of heterogeneous methanol carbonylation to acetyls recently for procedure simplification, including the improvement of Ir/C catalyst by addition of La as assistant, as well as the newly reported Rh catalysts supported on porous organic polymers, which show a bright future to solve the difficulty to recover rare metal catalysts such as Rh and Ir widely used in homogeneous processes. But reviews that have been issued so far in the art mainly concentrated on homogeneous process, with seldom recent progress on heterogeneous system being concerned in detail. So it is thought essential to take a systematic review on the novel development and mechanism of heterogeneous methanol carbonylation process. Researches on Rh, Ir, Ni, Au and zeolites catalyzed heterogeneous systems are reviewed in this manuscript. Especially addressed is the development of single-site Rh firmly immobilized by ionic bond which exhibited excellent activity and stability. The development of zeolites and non-iodide gas phase methanol/dimethyl ether carbonylation are also presented in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Atomically dispersed nickel was successfully prepared by a novel and precise photochemical route. • The Ni1/CdS hybrid catalyst performed outstanding HER activity under visible light and aerobic conditions. • A possible mechanism on the enhanced photocatalytic activity was investigated. Up to now, hydrogen production with a low-cost and efficient system driven by sunlight still remains a great challenge. Herein, atomically dispersed Ni modified CdS nanorods (NRs) hybrid photocatalyst (Ni 1 /CdS) with Ni loading up to 2.85 wt% was prepared by a facile, rapid and scalable photochemical method. Under optimal conditions, the highest rate for H 2 evolution of Ni 1 /CdS photocatalyst is 630.1 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light, which is one of the most robust photocatalytic HER systems based on CdS currently. Furthermore, the Ni 1 /CdS catalyst exhibits good stability and durability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and outstanding photocatalytic activity under sunlight and aerobic conditions, indicating the great practical value of present reaction system. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the introduction of single Ni atom on the CdS can improve the hydrogen binding energy and electronic properties, thus greatly boosting the photocatalytic H 2 production activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Minimally invasive surgery is considered to be the gold standard treatment for nephrectomy in children. In recent decades it has been proposed that laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery is a feasible alternative to perform laparoscopic nephrectomies. Objective The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of LESS against conventional laparoscopic (CL) nephrectomy. Study design From March 2010 to November 2012 charts of pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at our tertiary center were revised. The data from 23 nephrectomies performed by either LESS or conventional laparoscopic approach were analyzed retrospectively. A transperitoneal approach was selected for both modalities. Indications for surgery included multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and renal dysplasia. Malignancy and previous abdominal interventions were exclusion criteria. Differences with a p value less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results Twenty-three laparoscopic nephrectomies were performed, 13 by CL (53.5%) and 10 by LESS (46.5%). The mean age of patients was 3.29 ± 3.5 years. There were no significant differences in age, gender, laterality of pathology, size of the kidneys, and surgical indications between the groups ( p = 0.067, 0.431, 0.94, 0.644, and 0.078, respectively). The mean operative times were 120 min for LESS and 132.7 min for CL ( p = 0.334). No procedures required conversion to open surgery or to standard laparoscopy. There was one intraoperative complication in each group ( p = 0.845). The mean length of stay (LOS), narcotic usages, and postoperative complications were similar in both groups. Discussion To overcome technical difficulties of the LESS approach, articulated tools have been developed. However, they may be not suitable for use with younger children. Although we performed LESS nephrectomies with conventional laparoscopic instruments, in our study, LESS and CL approach were comparable in terms of operative time, analgesic therapy, LOS, and complications. Conclusions LESS nephrectomy for benign kidney diseases performed by skilled laparoscopic surgeons is safe and comparable with CL technique in pediatric patients. However, although minimally invasive development pushes towards “a scar-free surgery” (see Figure), these approaches have been performed in only a few centers in the world. Prospective studies comparing both approaches are necessary to verify the advantages of LESS nephrectomy in children. Figure Photograph taken immediately after LESS nephrectomy. Figure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]