9 results on '"Spanjaard M"'
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2. Influence of gait velocity on gastrocnemius muscle fascicle behaviour during stair negotiation
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Spanjaard, M., Reeves, N.D., van Dieën, J.H., Baltzopoulos, V., and Maganaris, C.N.
- Subjects
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ELECTROMYOGRAPHY , *ANKLE , *MOTOR ability , *ULTRASONIC imaging - Abstract
Abstract: The gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle plays an important role in stair negotiation. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of cadence on GM muscle fascicle behaviour during stair ascent and descent. Ten male subjects (young adults) walked up and down a four-step staircase (with forceplates embedded in the steps) at three velocities (63, 88 and 116 steps/min). GM muscle fascicle length was measured using ultrasonography. In addition, kinematic and kinetic data of the lower legs, and GM electromyography (EMG) were measured. For both ascent and descent, the amount of fascicular shortening, shortening velocity, knee moment, ground reaction force and EMG activity increased monotonically with gait velocity. The ankle moment increased up to 88 steps/min where it reached a plateau. The lack of increase in ankle moment coinciding with further shortening of the fascicles can be explained by an increased shortening of the GM musculotendon complex (MTC), as calculated from the knee and ankle angle changes, between 88 and 116 steps/min only. For descent, the relative instant of maximum shortening, which occurred during touch down, was delayed at higher gait velocities, even to the extent that this event shifted from the double support to the single support phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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3. Influence of step-height and body mass on gastrocnemius muscle fascicle behavior during stair ascent
- Author
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Spanjaard, M., Reeves, N.D., van Dieën, J.H., Baltzopoulos, V., and Maganaris, C.N.
- Subjects
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BODY mass index , *STAIRS , *ANKLE , *ULTRASONIC imaging - Abstract
Abstract: To better understand the role of the ankle plantar flexor muscles in stair negotiation, we examined the effects of manipulation of kinematic and kinetic constraints on the behavior of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle during stair ascent. Ten subjects ascended a four-step staircase at four different step-heights (changing the kinematic constraints): standard (17cm), 50% decreased, 50% increased and 75% increased. At the standard height, subjects also ascended the stairs wearing a weighted jacket, adding 20% of their body mass (changing the kinetic constraints). During stair ascent, kinematics and kinetics of the lower legs were determined using motion capture and ground reaction force measurements. The GM muscle fascicle length was measured during the task with ultrasonography. The amount of GM muscle fascicle shortening increased with step-height, coinciding with an increase in ankle joint moment. The increase in body mass resulted in an increased ankle joint moment, but the amount of GM muscle fascicle shortening during the lift-off phase did not increase, instead, the fascicles were shorter over the whole stride cycle. Increasing demands of stair ascent, by increasing step-height or body mass, requires higher joint moments. The increased ankle joint moment with increasing demands is, at least in part, produced by the increase in GM muscle fascicle shortening. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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4. The demands of stair descent relative to maximum capacities in elderly and young adults
- Author
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Reeves, N.D., Spanjaard, M., Mohagheghi, A.A., Baltzopoulos, V., and Maganaris, C.N.
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RANGE of motion of joints , *YOUNG adults , *OLDER people , *BIOMECHANICS - Abstract
Abstract: In this study, we aimed to establish the joint moment and joint range of motion requirements of stair descent and the demands relative to maximal capacities in elderly and young adults. Participants descended a custom-built standard dimension four-step staircase, at their self-selected speed in a step-over manner. Kinetic data were acquired from force platforms embedded into each of the steps and into the floor at the base of the stairs. A motion analysis system was used to acquire kinematic data and joint moments were calculated using the kinematic and kinetic data. Maximum capacities (joint moment and joint range of motion) were assessed using a dynamometer. During stair descent the elderly generated lower absolute ankle joint moments than the young, which enabled them to operate at a similar relative proportion of their maximal capacity compared to young adults (75%). The knee joint moments during stair descent were similar between groups, but the elderly operated at a higher proportion of their maximal capacity (elderly: 42%; young: 30%). Ankle plantarflexion–dorsiflexion angle changes were similar between groups, which meant that the elderly operated at a higher proportion of their maximal assisted dorsiflexion angle. These results indicate that the elderly redistribute the joint moments in order to maintain the task demands within ‘safe’ limits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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5. Angine bulleuse hémorragique : une maladie rare, un diagnostic facile – à propos de 2 cas.
- Author
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Spanjaard, M., Guilhem, A., Collet, E., Nicolas, B., Leguy-Seguin, V., Berthier, S., Samson, M., Bonnotte, B., and Audia, S.
- Abstract
Introduction L’apparition brutale de bulles hémorragiques dans la cavité buccale est une circonstance clinique inquiétante. Cependant un court bilan biologique et l’expérience du médecin peuvent permettre d’identifier rapidement une maladie dont l’évolution est spontanément favorable et les complications graves exceptionnelles. Nous présentons 2 observations de cette pathologie. Observation Cas n o 1 : une patiente de 45 ans aux antécédents d’alopécie androgénique, de troubles fonctionnels intestinaux et de migraines présente fin 2013 dans la cavité buccale des bulles tendues et modérément douloureuses, d’emblée hémorragiques, limitées à la muqueuse buccale (langue, palais, joues, lèvres), évoluant spontanément vers la rupture avec écoulement hémorragique puis vers une érosion post-bulleuse cicatrisant sans séquelle en une semaine. Des épisodes bulleux environ mensuels, souvent favorisées par certains aliments, persistent à bas bruit jusqu’au début 2016 où une bulle linguale importante apparaît après des soins dentaires. L’examen physique est alors sans particularité, notamment au plan cutané, ophtalmologique et génital. Les diagnostics de troubles de l’hémostase, de maladie de Rendu-Osler ou de pemphigoïde cicatricielle sont initialement évoqués mais infirmés rapidement. Le bilan d’hémostase est normal, les anticorps anti-peau et anti-transglutaminase sont absents. Devant l’aspect clinique typique, l’avis dermatologique confirme le diagnostic sans réalisation de biopsie. La limitation de facteurs mécaniques d’agression de la muqueuse permet ultérieurement de diminuer la fréquence et l’intensité des épisodes bulleux. Cas n o 2 : une patiente de 46 ans aux antécédents de trouble bipolaire de l’humeur et de carence martiale récurrente sur des angiodysplasies iléales présente en 2013 un premier épisode de bulles hémorragiques buccales. L’évolution est spontanément favorable en quelques jours sans récidive ni séquelle. L’examen clinique initial est normal, les lésions buccales ayant entièrement régressées. Le bilan d’hémostase, la recherche d’anticorps anti-peau et de carence martiale sont négatifs mais une gammapathie monoclonale de signification indéterminée est diagnostiquée. La biopsie muqueuse est non contributive. Après plus de 2 ans sans symptôme, la patiente présente en 2106 un second épisode de bulles hémorragiques, mais aucun facteur déclenchant n’est identifié. L’évolution ultérieure est favorable sans récidive. Discussion Ces 2 patientes ont présenté une angine bulleuse hémorragique (ABH) typique. Ce terme correspond à celui d’« angina bullosa hemorrhagica » dans la littérature anglo-saxonne. Il a été retenu en 1967 pour nommer cette entité clinique rare, décrite pour la première fois en 1933 [1] . Ses caractéristiques cliniques sont stéréotypées : bulles d’emblée hémorragiques, le plus souvent isolées, arrondies et bien limitées, d’un diamètre d’environ 1 à 2 cm, parfois sensibles mais non douloureuses, pouvant toucher l’ensemble de la cavité orale, plus particulièrement le palais mou. L’évolution naturelle est marquée par une rupture puis une cicatrisation avec restitution ad integrum de la muqueuse orale [2] . Un seul cas d’atteinte laryngée grave avec obstruction des voies aériennes supérieure a été décrit [3] . La physiopathologie de cette pathologie est mal connue. Les facteurs favorisants sont l’âge, l’utilisation au long cours de corticoïdes inhalés, la prise d’aliments durs ou croustillants ou le matériel d’orthodontie. Aucun traitement n’a démontré d’efficacité. Les diagnostics différentiels comportent essentiellement les troubles de l’hémostase et les maladies bulleuses atteignant les muqueuses (pemphigoïde, pemphigus, dermatose à IgA linéaires, lichen plan bulleux). Un bilan de coagulation normal et l’aspect clinique typique sont suffisants la plupart du temps pour faire le diagnostic d’ABH. Lorsqu’elle est réalisée, la biopsie d’une bulle montre un décollement sous-épithélial avec immunofluorescence négative. Les 2 cas présentés illustrent le caractère parfois récidivant des lésions d’ABH, rarement retrouvé dans la littérature [1] . Conclusion L’ABH est une pathologie rare, mais bénigne. La bonne connaissance de ses caractéristiques cliniques, associée à un bilan d’hémostase complet permet de retenir rapidement le diagnostic et de rassurer les patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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6. Older adults employ alternative strategies to operate within their maximum capabilities when ascending stairs
- Author
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Reeves, N.D., Spanjaard, M., Mohagheghi, A.A., Baltzopoulos, V., and Maganaris, C.N.
- Subjects
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STAIR climbing , *OLDER people , *HUMAN locomotion , *MUSCULOSKELETAL system - Abstract
Abstract: Older people may operate much closer to their maximum capabilities than young adults when ascending stairs due to their lower maximum musculoskeletal capabilities. The purpose of this study was to establish the joint moment and range of motion demands of stair ascent relative to maximum capabilities in elderly and young adults. Fifteen elderly (mean age 75 years) and 17 young adult (mean age 25 years) participants ascended a purpose-built 4-step staircase with force platforms embedded into the steps and kinematic data was acquired using motion capture. Maximum musculoskeletal capabilities were assessed using a dynamometer. This study showed for the first time that stair ascent approaches the joint moment limits at the ankle in both young and older participants (∼90%). One of the most important and novel findings of this study was that elderly people were only capable of meeting the high demands by adopting a number of alternative strategies not observed in young adults: (i) applying the joint moments differently than young adults across the knee and ankle, (ii) translocating energy from the knee to the ankle, thereby enhancing the ankle joint moment upon maximum demand and (iii) by enabling the plantarflexors to act over a more favourable portion of the moment–angle relation upon maximum ankle joint moment demand. The elderly displayed a more cautious strategy to optimize positional stability during stair ascent, by maintaining a smaller separation between the centre of mass and centre of pressure in the frontal plane. It seems that elderly people may meet the demands of unaided stair ascent by adopting a number of alternative strategies to compensate for their reduced musculoskeletal capabilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
- Full Text
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7. EFFECT OF GAIT VELOCITY ON HUMAN GASTROCNEMIUS FASCICLE BEHAVIOR DURING STAIR DESCENT
- Author
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Spanjaard, M., Reeves, N.D., van Dieën, J.H., Baltzopoulos, V., and Maganaris, C.N.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The biomechanical demands of stair descent in elderly and young adults
- Author
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Reeves, N.D., Spanjaard, M., Mohagheghi, A.A., Baltzopoulos, V., and Maganaris, C.N.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Human muscle fascicle behaviour during stair negotiation
- Author
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Spanjaard, M., Reeves, N.D., van Dieën, J.H., Baltzopoulos, V., and Maganaris, C.N.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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