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Key management encompasses protocols related to generation, distribution, establishment and revocation of keys and subsequent protection of keys during storage and while in use. Hardware Security Module (HSM) is used for this purpose which adheres to standards such as FIPS 140-2 or IBM Common Criteria. Hardware tokens primarily serve to transport the keys to an unprotected environment. In this paper we introduce challenges to key management and propose approaches for key management in a cryptoprocessor. Advanced Encryption Standard Key Wrap algorithm which is one of the most widely used method for key protection in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed scheme involves an idea of including three biometric traits of a person where in the sense even if one fails the other trait could be utilised for verification or identity. Moreover the concept of cryptosystem is involved, where one of the biometric trait – the palm vein itself acts as a key to utilise the stored template database. The main idea in using one of the biometric trait as a key is that under any circumstance no two palm veins match unless it belong to same person. It is a valid key which no one can steal or misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed 255,256 patients who had acute myocardial infarction and were enrolled in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2, 3, and 4 (1994 to 2002). The objective was to determine in-hospital mortality rate among patients who had ST-segment depression on the initial electrocardiogram. Patients who had ST-segment depression had an in-hospital mortality rate (15.8%) similar to that of patients who had ST-segment elevation or left bundle branch block (15.5%). After adjusting for observed differences, ST-segment depression was associated with only a slightly lower odds ratio (0.91) of mortality compared with ST-segment elevation or left bundle branch block. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We report a case of a thrombotic common iliac lesion with concern for elevated risk of downstream embolization during intervention. In this case, a transradial approach enabled the novel, simultaneous deployment of two embolic protection devices, one in the internal iliac artery and the other in the common femoral artery, for complete downstream protection during intervention. An endovascular stent, which accommodates a 0.035-inch wire lumen, was able to be delivered over both 0.014-inch protection device wires simultaneously and was successfully deployed with evidence of captured embolic material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study overviews the rapid development of two-dimensional (2D) Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) materials. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) is one of the compounds currently being discussed because of its unique features that allow it to be used in various applications. Its unique structure, electronic properties, magnetic properties, mechanical properties, and band gap make it a viable material for replacing graphene and other semiconductor devices. On a nanoscale, it is a promising material with good spintronics and magnetoresistance properties. It is used in various energy applications including, ultra-low-leakage dynamic memory applications, Solar cell applications, Environmental monitoring applications, microwaves, and optoelectronic devices. The organic FET with MoS 2 is a 2-bit memory device that can be controlled by voltage and can be used in low-cost memory devices. Combining MoS 2 with other 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, in hybrid structures can provide a balance between their defects and a superior combination of their wonderful qualities to overcome existing constraints. In this review, we discuss MoS 2 properties and structure focusing on its applications and future challenges. • MoS2 has emerged as a promising material for electronic applications due to its high electron mobility, good on/off ratio, and compatibility. • MoS2 has unique optical properties, making it an attractive material for developing optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. • MoS2 has shown excellent sensing capabilities for various gases, liquids, and biological molecules, making it a potential candidate for developing next-generation sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To assess West Nile virus (WNV) infection in wild resident and migratory birds, we tested 3887 samples from 1784 birds belonging to 119 identified species within 30 families collected during 2008–10 from 13 states in India. The serum samples were tested for WNV antibodies initially by a competition ELISA and subsequently by a micro-plaque reduction neutralization test (Micro-PRNT), whereas tracheal and cloacal swabs were subjected to real-time RT-PCR for the detection of the WNV RNA. Twenty six birds (2.46%) out of 1058 tested showed evidence of flavivirus antibodies by ELISA. End point neutralization antibody determinations for WNV and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) showed that of the 22 ELISA positive sera, WNV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in 17 samples representing nine species of wild birds (residents: Purple swamphen, Little cormorant, Little egret, Black ibis and Spot-billed duck; residents with winter influx: Common coot and Mallard; migratory birds: Ruff and Purple heron), and two samples were positive for both WNV and JEV antibodies. The WNV-specific antibodies were most commonly detected in Mallards and Common coots. WNV genomic RNA was not detected by real-time RT-PCR. The results in this study suggest that wild resident birds are infected occasionally and wild migratory birds rarely with WNV. Additionally, our study provides evidence of WNV infection in eastern and northern India for the first time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Rabies is an endemic, fatal zoonotic disease in the developing countries. Oral vaccination strategies are suitable for rabies control in developing countries. Studies were performed to investigate the suitability of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres as an oral delivery system for β-propiolactone inactivated concentrated rabies virus (CRV). Immune responses induced by encapsulated (PLG+CRV) and un-encapsulated inactivated rabies virus after oral and intraperitoneal route administrations were compared. The anti-rabies virus IgG antibody titer, virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers obtained by mouse neutralization test (MNT) and IgG2a and IgG1 titers of mice group immunized orally with PLG+CRV showed significantly (p <0.001) higher response than the group immunized orally with un-encapsulated CRV. There was no significant difference (p >0.05) between groups inoculated by intraperitoneal route. The stimulation index (SI) obtained by lymphoproliferation assay of PLG+CRV oral group also showed significantly (p <0.001) higher response than the group immunized orally with un-encapsulated CRV, suggesting that oral immunization activates Th1-mediated cellular immunity. Immunized mice of all experimental groups were challenged intracerebrally with a lethal dose of virulent rabies virus Challenge Virus Standard (CVS). The survival rates of mice immunized orally with PLG+CRV and CRV alone were 75% and 50%, respectively, whereas intraperitoneally immunized groups showed 100% protection. The overall results of humoral, cellular immune response and survival rates of mice immunized orally with PLG+CRV were significantly (p <0.001) higher than those of mice immunized orally with CRV alone. These data suggest that the PLG encapsulated inactivated rabies virus can be used for oral immunization against rabies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]