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PURPOSE: To report the performance of glaucoma mass screening with only a visual field test utilizing frequency- doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in general populations.DESIGN: Hospital and population-based cross-sectional study.METHODS: This study took place in a multicenter setting. One hundred three consecutive glaucomatous patients and 14,814 persons were randomly selected. We had created a glaucoma screening protocol (GSP) using FDT perimetry (FDT-GSP). Frequency-doubling technology-glaucoma screening protocol was tested on consecutive glaucoma patients diagnosed with Humphrey visual field analyzer (30-2 SITA standard), and then FDT-GSP was applied to general populations. Frequency-doubling technology-glaucoma screening protocol positive subjects were ophthalmologically diagnosed. Detection ability of FDT-GSP was determined in consecutive patients, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of FDT-GSP to detect definitive glaucoma was estimated in general populations.RESULTS: Frequency-doubling technique-glaucoma screening protocol detected 83.3% and 100% of definitive glaucoma patients with an early (mean deviation [MD] > −6 dB) and more advanced stage (MD ≤ −6 dB), respectively. In the population-based screening, there were 660 (4.5%) subjects who had positive FDT-GSP, including 512 in whom no visual field abnormalities (VFA) had been pointed out previously. Of them, 370 subjects underwent ophthalmologic diagnosis. Then, 266 (71.9%, 266/370) subjects had a glaucomatous disk and 167 had definitive glaucomatous VFA. Fifty-five (14.9%) and 39 (10.5%) subjects were diagnosed as having other diseases and as normal, respectively. The PPV of FDT-GSP ranged from 32.6% (167/512)–45.1% (167/370).CONCLUSIONS: Frequency-doubling technology-based screening with only a visual field test showed reasonable performance on mass screening for detection of definitive glaucoma in this study population, considering the glaucoma prevalence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Although the intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important factor related to the onset and progression of glaucoma, there is little evidence on long-term aging effects on IOP. This article examines the changes of IOP over 10 years in normal eyes to assess physiologic changes related to aging. Design: Population-based long-term longitudinal study. Study Population and Observation Procedure: Two thousand nine hundred eighty-seven Japanese male aircraft crew members underwent IOP measurement by Goldmann apparatus and received physical and complete ophthalmologic examinations every year for 10 years. A total of 2330 healthy persons (21–49 years; mean age, 35.9±6.8 [standard deviation]) who had no history of treatment for ophthalmic diseases, current illnesses, and no missing data for 10 consecutive years were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: For analysis of the longitudinal index (trend), the linear regression coefficients for 11 points of measurement were determined. Ophthalmologic and physiologic factors affecting the 10-year mean values and a trend of IOP were examined by multivariable linear regression analysis. Results: Intraocular pressure tended to decrease with age in all age groups. The mean linear regression coefficient (right eye/left eye) = −0.076/−0.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: (−0.094 to −0.057)/(−0.078 to −0.041), −0.073/−0.060 [95% CI: (−0.084 to −0.062)/(−0.071 to −0.049)], and −0.060/−0.050 [95%CI: (−0.075 to −0.046)/(−0.064 to −0.036)] (mmHg/year) in the 20s, 30s, and 40s, respectively). In investigating correlations between the10-year mean values of IOP and factors examined in this study, multivariate analysis showed a significantly inverse correlation with spherical power (partial regression coefficient [B] = −0.155/−0.144) and positive correlation with esophoria (B = 0.536/0.521), systolic blood pressure (B = 0.021/0.022), heart rate (B = 0.024/0.024), and hematocrit (B = 0.041/0.043) with IOP. The trend of IOP was significantly positively associated with the trends of systemic factors: body mass index (BMI) (B = 0.117/0.119), blood pressure (systolic) (B = 0.020/0.020), and hematocrit (B = 0.057/0.045), but not with any ophthalmologic factor. Conclusions: The long-term observation clearly demonstrated that, in normal eyes, the IOP decreased with aging. The IOP value was negatively associated with spherical power and positively with esophoria, blood pressure, heart rate, and hematocrit. The change of IOP could be affected mainly by the change of body mas index, blood pressure, and hematocrit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: To report the performance of glaucoma mass screening with only a visual field test utilizing frequency- doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in general populations.Design: Hospital and population-based cross-sectional study.Methods: This study took place in a multicenter setting. One hundred three consecutive glaucomatous patients and 14,814 persons were randomly selected. We had created a glaucoma screening protocol (GSP) using FDT perimetry (FDT-GSP). Frequency-doubling technology-glaucoma screening protocol was tested on consecutive glaucoma patients diagnosed with Humphrey visual field analyzer (30-2 SITA standard), and then FDT-GSP was applied to general populations. Frequency-doubling technology-glaucoma screening protocol positive subjects were ophthalmologically diagnosed. Detection ability of FDT-GSP was determined in consecutive patients, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of FDT-GSP to detect definitive glaucoma was estimated in general populations.Results: Frequency-doubling technique-glaucoma screening protocol detected 83.3% and 100% of definitive glaucoma patients with an early (mean deviation [MD] > -6 dB) and more advanced stage (MD < or = -6 dB), respectively. In the population-based screening, there were 660 (4.5%) subjects who had positive FDT-GSP, including 512 in whom no visual field abnormalities (VFA) had been pointed out previously. Of them, 370 subjects underwent ophthalmologic diagnosis. Then, 266 (71.9%, 266/370) subjects had a glaucomatous disk and 167 had definitive glaucomatous VFA. Fifty-five (14.9%) and 39 (10.5%) subjects were diagnosed as having other diseases and as normal, respectively. The PPV of FDT-GSP ranged from 32.6% (167/512)-45.1% (167/370).Conclusions: Frequency-doubling technology-based screening with only a visual field test showed reasonable performance on mass screening for detection of definitive glaucoma in this study population, considering the glaucoma prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]