1. Exosome-based anticancer vaccines: From Bench to bedside.
- Author
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Zhao, Guo, Wang, Yuning, Xing, Shujun, Jiang, Yale, Ding, Jiatong, Cai, Yuanting, Ma, Peiwen, Miao, Huilei, Fang, Yuan, Jiang, Ning, Cui, Dandan, Yu, Yue, Tang, Qiyu, Wang, Shuhang, and Li, Ning
- Subjects
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EXTRACELLULAR vesicles , *CANCER vaccines , *BIOLOGICAL systems , *TUMOR antigens , *CELL communication - Abstract
Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, are released by all active cells and play a crucial role in intercellular communications. Exosomes could facilitate the transfer of various biologically active molecules, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs, and proteins, from donor to recipient cells, thereby participating in diverse biological and pathological processes. Besides, exosomes possess unique characteristics, including non-toxicity, low-immunogenicity, and stability within biological systems, rendering them highly advantageous for cancer drug development. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes originating from tumor cells and immune cells possess distinct composition profiles that play a direct role in anticancer immunotherapy. Of note, exosomes can transport their contents to specific cells, thereby exerting an impact on the phenotype and immune-regulatory functions of targeted cells. Therapeutic cancer vaccines, an emerging therapeutics of immunotherapy, could enhance antitumor immune responses by delivering a large number of tumor antigens, thereby augmenting the immune response against tumor cells. Therefore, the therapeutic rationale of cancer vaccines and exosome-based immunotherapy are almost similar to some extent, but some challenges have hindered their application in the clinical setting. Here, in this review, we first summarized the biogenesis, structure, compositions, and biological functions of exosomes. Then we described the roles of exosomes in cancer biology, particularly in tumor immunity. We also comprehensively reviewed current exosome-based anticancer vaccine development and we divided them into three types. Finally, we give some insights into clinical translation and clinical trial progress of exosome-based anticancer vaccines for future direction. • Exosomes are crucial mediators in normal biological processes and cancer development. • Exosomes have dual-effects in immune microenvironment of tumors. • Exosomes could be applied as therapeutic cancer vaccines to induce antitumor immune responses. • The translational application and clinical trials of exosome-based anti-cancer vaccines are promising but challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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