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Load balancing among virtual machines (VMs) is significant for delivering the cloud services in optimized way with minimum cost paid and total time acquired to deliver the services. In this paper, the various research gaps for load balancing optimization in the past literature have been presented, which need to be addressed for solving the load balancing problem in cloud environment. In present work, Hybrid approach based resource provisioning and load balancing framework for workflows execution has been proposed to optimize the utilization of VMs with uniform load distribution. The proposed framework is based on the hybridization of heuristic techniques with metaheuristic algorithm to achieve its optimal performance in terms of makespan and cost. Two hybrid approaches have been proposed for HDD-PLB framework-Hybrid Predict Earliest Finish Time (PEFT) Heuristic with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic (HPA) and Hybrid Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (HEFT) heuristic with ACO (HHA). The two proposed approaches for load balancing have been analyzed and compared to determine which is superior for proposed HDD-PLB framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A 20mm-diameter electrical hydrocyclone was developed and tested. The presence of the underflow results in a smaller d 50 than the absence of the underflow. Additionally, the higher the feed flow rate, the smaller d 50. Effect of central rod diameter and initial pH of suspension on the separation cut size was examined with and without underflows. The d 50 decreases with the increase of central rod diameter and initial pH values in both with and without the underflow. The zeta potential of particles increases proportionally with the initial pH of suspension. The electrical potential exhibits a stronger effect when the suspension has a higher pH. The d 50 becomes smallest under largest central rod diameter, highest pH and longest slurry collecting box condition operates with the positive electrical potential at side wall in the presence of the underflow. Based on the experimental data, general semi-empirical correlations were proposed and the effect of each parameter on d 50 was examined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Finding genes for complex traits is one of the major challenges of modern human genetics. Current developments of molecular techniques facilitated use of large pedigrees and marker sets of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, one of the problems occurring in statistical analysis of such large data sets is that the likelihood is very low and underflow may easily occur. In this work we describe a method permitting to avoid underflow during computation of a likelihood function, using different algorithms. Our method makes practically possible analysis of thousands of individuals and thousands of SNPs. The method is easy to implement without major change of the code of existing programs. It also helps to reduce the amount of computer memory used in analysis without noticeable alteration of the program running time. The algorithm was implemented in the software packages for segregation and linkage analysis, which are available from http://mga.bionet.nsc.ru/. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A modified structure for floating-point representation, which can essentially eliminate overflow from floating-point calculations, is analyzed. The main part of the paper deals with a computational examination of a model for floating-point exponents and the probabilities of overflow and underflow. Earlier results in the absence of gradual underflow are presented for comparison but the primary focus is on the effect of gradual underflow, a version of gradual overflow, and of a proposal for an extended treatment of these exceptions which we call tapered overflow and underflow. The latter virtually eliminates the exceptions; its overflow threshold is . This paper reviews several models for the distribution of exponents of floating-point numbers and their evolution in the presence of repeated multiplicative operations. A continuous model, which closely approximates the discrete case, is seen to satisfy a functional differential equation with both delay and advance terms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Spray profile measurements can be used to calculate the underflow rate, and consequently, be related to hydrocyclone performance. The flow geometry of the spray discharge is found to arise from velocity patterns at the outlet orifice. Through a videographic example of an industrial hydrocyclone, it is shown that underflow profiles are typically parabolic, a feature which is indicative of the velocity at which the fluid exits. The inclusion of gravity in this model clearly highlights deficiencies in currently used models. Moreover, an intimate knowledge of factors affecting the profiles of the underflow of a cyclone is essential for the correct interpretation of videographic images. Subsequently, image data are used to estimate outlet velocities, which give an excellent insight into various fluid mechanical phenomena that are not appreciated by analysing basic operational variables. The exit velocities are used to calculate underflow rates, which are related to mass recovery in the underflow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]