23 results on '"Valentino, R."'
Search Results
2. Improving the estimation of complete field soil water characteristic curves through field monitoring data
- Author
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Bordoni, M., Bittelli, M., Valentino, R., Chersich, S., and Meisina, C.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Quantifying the contribution of grapevine roots to soil mechanical reinforcement in an area susceptible to shallow landslides
- Author
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Bordoni, M., Meisina, C., Vercesi, A., Bischetti, G.B., Chiaradia, E.A., Vergani, C., Chersich, S., Valentino, R., Bittelli, M., Comolli, R., Persichillo, M.G., and Cislaghi, A.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Visualization of electronic density
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Grosso, Bastien, Cooper, Valentino R., Pine, Polina, Hashibon, Adham, Yaish, Yuval, and Adler, Joan
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- 2015
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5. Hydrological factors affecting rainfall-induced shallow landslides: From the field monitoring to a simplified slope stability analysis
- Author
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Bordoni, M., Meisina, C., Valentino, R., Lu, N., Bittelli, M., and Chersich, S.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Mini-review of Electron Density Visualization
- Author
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Adler, Joan, Adler, Omri, Kreif, Meytal, Cohen, Or, Grosso, Bastien, Hashibon, Adham, and Cooper, Valentino R.
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
7. First Principles Predictions of Van Der Waals Bonded Inorganic Crystal Structures: Test Case, HgCl2
- Author
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Cooper, Valentino R. and Donald, Kelling J.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Hydrogen Adsorption at the Graphene Surface: A vdW-DF Perspective
- Author
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Cooper, Valentino R., Ihm, Yungok, and Morris, James R.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Quantifying the contribution of grapevine roots to soil mechanical reinforcement in an area susceptible to shallow landslides
- Author
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Bordoni, M, Meisina, C, Vercesi, A, Bischetti, G, Chiaradia, E, Vergani, C, Chersich, S, Valentino, R, Bittelli, M, Comolli, R, Persichillo, M, Cislaghi, A, Cislaghi, A., COMOLLI, ROBERTO, Bordoni, M, Meisina, C, Vercesi, A, Bischetti, G, Chiaradia, E, Vergani, C, Chersich, S, Valentino, R, Bittelli, M, Comolli, R, Persichillo, M, Cislaghi, A, Cislaghi, A., and COMOLLI, ROBERTO
- Abstract
Hilly slopes cultivated with vineyards are often affected by rainfall-induced shallow landslides that cause destruction and loss of the cultivations. For this reason, the assessment of mechanical contribution from grapevine roots is fundamental for slope stability analyses and consequently for the slope preservation. In this context, our work aims to quantitatively evaluate the soil reinforcement given by grapevine roots. The selected study area (13.4 km2), located in the region of Oltrepò Pavese in Northern Italy, is characterized by a high shallow landslides density and is constituted by vineyards in steep slopes. The tested soils are Haplic Calcisols, Petric Calcisols and Calcic Gleysols, with silt loamy or silty clay loamy textures, from high to very high carbonate content and low organic carbon and nitrogen contents. The rootstock of the grapevine is a combination of Vitis berlandieri and Vitis riparia with root systems, which reach average depths of up to 1.5 m. The grapevine root density (number of roots and Root Area Ratio) is rather variable and is strongly correlated to soil permeability. In fact, the results show that low permeable soils have small number of roots and occur near recent shallow slides. Despite the differences of soil features, type of bedrock, grapevine plants age, vineyards row orientation and season collection, a unique relationship between root diameter and root tensile strength has been identified. Root reinforcement, related to the grapevine root system and evaluated using Fiber Bundle Model, shows the lowest values in correspondence of sites characterized by the lowest soil permeability, as in the study case Calcic Gleysols. The sites with these soil features, actually, are also those most affected by shallow instability in the past, indicating that their great susceptibility to shallow landslides. The results of this study also highlight the role played by different amounts of grapevine root reinforcement on the slope stability dur
- Published
- 2016
10. Segregation and trapping of oxygen vacancies near the SrTiO3Σ3 (1 1 2) [formula omitted] tilt grain boundary.
- Author
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Liu, Bin, Cooper, Valentino R., Zhang, Yanwen, and Weber, William J.
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STRONTIUM titanate , *CRYSTAL grain boundaries , *STRUCTURAL stability , *THICKNESS measurement , *DENSITY functional theory - Abstract
In nanocrystalline materials, structural discontinuities at grain boundaries (GBs) and the segregation of point defects to these GBs play a key role in defining the structural stability of a material, as well as its macroscopic electrical/mechanical properties. In this study, the segregation of oxygen vacancies near the Σ 3 (1 1 2) [ 1 ¯ 1 0 ] tilt GB in SrTiO 3 is explored using density functional theory. We find that oxygen vacancies segregate toward the GB, preferring to reside within the next nearest-neighbor layer. This oxygen vacancy segregation is found to be crucial for stabilizing this tilt GB. Furthermore, we find that the migration barriers of oxygen vacancies diffusing toward the first nearest-neighbor layer of the GB are low, while those away from this layer are very high. The segregation and trapping of the oxygen vacancies in the first nearest-neighbor layer of GBs are attributed to the large local distortions, which can now accommodate the preferred sixfold coordination of Ti. These results suggest that the electronic, transport, and capacitive properties of SrTiO 3 can be engineered through the control of GB structure and grain size or layer thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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11. An experimental study on the mechanical behaviour of two polyurethane resins used for geotechnical applications.
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Valentino, R., Romeo, E., and Stevanoni, D.
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POLYURETHANES , *GUMS & resins , *GEOTECHNICAL engineering , *CHEMICAL preparations industry , *COMPRESSION loads , *MICROSTRUCTURE - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Set up of a device to prepare resin specimens under different confinement conditions. [•] Two resins for geotechnical applications have been tested under compression. [•] Microstructural characteristics of different resin specimens have been analysed. [•] Relationships between physical properties and mechanical parameters have been drawn. [•] Relationships between resin density, peak stress, and Young Modulus were found. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
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12. Clinical presentation of dengue among patients admitted to the adult emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in martinique: implications for triage, management, and reporting.
- Author
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Thomas L, Moravie V, Besnier F, Valentino R, Kaidomar S, Coquet LV, Najioullah F, Lengellé F, Césaire R, Cabié A, and Working Group on Dengue
- Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: During dengue epidemics, emergency physicians face large numbers of patients with acute febrile illness. Triage algorithms and appropriate reporting systems are useful to manage patients and prioritize resources. We identify possible adaptations to these systems to improve the management of patients during epidemics. METHODS: In a prospective observational study in the adult emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital, we enrolled all patients with febrile illness and a confirmed diagnosis of dengue (ribonucleic acid identification). We then retrospectively classified cases according to the initial clinical presentation at the ED. RESULTS: We enrolled 715 patients (332 male patients), aged 14 to 91 years (median 35 years). Severe illness was documented in 332 cases (46.4%) and was mostly caused by serotype 2, or a secondary infection of any serotype. Severe forms included dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome (104/332; 31.3%), severe bleeding (9/332; 2.7%), and acute organ failure (56/332; 16.9%). The other patients with severe illness (171/332; 51.5%) presented with symptoms of presyncope, intense weakness, prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms, and hypotension. This presentation was common during epidemics and appeared to be associated with dehydration and electrolyte loss that improved markedly within 24 hours with saline solution infusion. This group did not have evidence of plasma leakage, although similar features were observed in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. CONCLUSION: Dengue has a wide range of clinical presentations in the ED. Many patients who appear seriously ill on presentation will respond to intravenous fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
13. Effects of Sirolimus on Human Mesangial Cells
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Esposito, C., Valentino, R., Villa, L., Serpieri, N., Mangione, F., Grosjean, F., Esposito, V., Castoldi, F., Sileno, G., Montagna, F., Maggi, N., Torreggiani, M., Marchi, G., and Dal Canton, A.
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RAPAMYCIN , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *CELL proliferation , *PROTEINURIA , *EXTRACELLULAR matrix , *GLOMERULAR filtration rate , *FLOW cytometry - Abstract
Abstract: Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and production of extracellular matrix or loss of MC are both central findings in a number of renal proteinuric diseases. However, the role of MC as components of the glomerular filtration barrier and whether MC alterations induce changes in the glomerular filtration barrier leading to proteinuria are still matters of debate. The effects of Sirolimus (SRL) in proteinuric nephropathies is controversial: some papers have indicated a reduction and others, an increase in proteinuria after sirolimus treatment. Considering the pivotal role of MC in the pathogenesis of many chronic nephropathies, we evaluated the effect of SRL on cultured human MC. We treated primary human MC cultures with SRL, or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or SRL + PDGF, or dimethylsulfoxide, the SRL vehicle, as a control. PDGF was used to activate MC. After 48 hours treatment, MC showed a significant growth increase that was significantly reduced by SRL (P < .01). Apoptosis, determined by the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry, was not modified by the treatments at 24 hours. SRL treatment increased significantly the number of α-smooth muscle actin–positive cells compared with controls (P < .05). Cells treated with SRL and SRL + PDGF showed significant changes in morphology with increased mean cell surface, perimeter, and maximum diameter (P < .01) but not protein content. Furthermore, MC treated with SRL showed decreased migration through polycarbonate membranes. The changes induced by SRL may help to explain some of the in vivo effects observed in SRL-treated patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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14. Épidémiologie des candidémies en réanimation dans un CHU d'Outremer entre 2001 et 2019.
- Author
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Masri Sidani, E., Valentino, R., Desbois-Nogard, N., and Le Govic, Y.
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CANDIDA albicans , *CANDIDA , *FLUCONAZOLE , *COLONIZATION - Abstract
Les candidémies représentent une des infections nosocomiales les plus fréquentes et sont grevées d'un taux de mortalité élevé. La répartition des espèces dans notre centre semble particulière. L'objectif était de décrire la distribution des espèces et les résistances aux antifongiques des candidémies de réanimation, décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et identifier les facteurs favorisants des candidémies, évaluer la prise en charge thérapeutique et le taux de mortalité. Étude observationnelle rétrospective monocentrique sur les patients hospitalisés en réanimation adulte médicale et chirurgicale et pour lesquels une candidémie a été confirmée au laboratoire entre janvier 2001 et décembre 2019. Un recueil des données clinico-thérapeutiques a été réalisé pour les cas diagnostiqués sur la période 2014–2019. Cent quatre-vingt-douze souches de Candida correspondant à 188 épisodes septiques (moy. 10,1/an) furent isolées chez 177 patients. Candida albicans était l'espèce la plus fréquente (n = 67 ; 34,9 %), suivie de C. tropicalis (n = 40 ; 20,8 %), C. parapsilosis (n = 37 ; 19,3 %), C. glabrata (n = 30 ; 15,6 %), et C. haemulonii (n = 14 ; 7,3 %). C. krusei fut impliquée dans 2 épisodes septiques (1 %), contre 1 épisode pour C. orthopsilosis et C. dubliniensis , respectivement (0,5 %). La proportion de souches fluconazole-R ou -I était de 3,3 % (n = 2), 6,2 % (n = 2), 8,5 % (n = 3), et 85,7 % (n = 24) pour C. albicans , C. tropicalis , C. parapsilosis et C. glabrata , respectivement, tandis que 71,4 % des souches de C. haemulonii , présentaient une CMI élevée au fluconazole (> 2 μg/mL). Le pourcentage de résistance in vitro aux échinocandines était de 3,7 % (n = 1), 14,3 % (n = 1) et 73 % (n = 8) pour C. albicans , C. tropicalis , et C. parapsilosis ; a contrario, l'ensemble des souches de C. glabrata étaient catégorisées sensibles à l'anidulafungine. Parmi les patients étudiés entre 2014 à 2019, la majorité étaient des hommes (38/62), avec un âge moyen de 60 ans. Les principaux facteurs de risque de survenue d'une candidémie étaient par ordre de fréquence : la présence de cathéters multiples, l'infection bactérienne concomitante, associée à une antibiothérapie large spectre, la présence d'une insuffisance rénale ou d'hémodialyse et la colonisation multi-site. Vingt-six pour cent (n = 39) des hémocultures se sont positivées dans les 24 premières heures suivant le prélèvement, 56 % (n = 38) dans les 24–48 heures. Le traitement introduit en attendant l'identification était la caspofungine dans 45 % (n = 25) des cas et le fluconazole dans 30 % (n = 14) des cas. L'évolution était fatale dans 66 % des cas (41/62). Cette étude souligne l'originalité des candidémies dans notre centre, avec une prédominance des Candida non albicans, notamment C. tropicalis , C. parapsilosis , C. glabrata et C. haemulonii. Les profils de sensibilité aux antifongiques ainsi que les facteurs de risques de candidémies identifiés sont concordants avec la littérature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Mass transfer in plunging jet absorbers
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Bonsignore, D, Volpicelli, G, Campanile, A, Santoro, L, and Valentino, R
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The measurement of characteristic angles of powders in the prediction of their behaviour in the gas fluidized state
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Donsì, G., Formisani, B., Valentino, R., and Volpicelli, G.
- Published
- 1984
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17. Quantifying the contribution of grapevine roots to soil mechanical reinforcement in an area susceptible to shallow landslides
- Author
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Roberto Comolli, Enrico Antonio Chiaradia, Alessio Cislaghi, Gian Battista Bischetti, Claudia Meisina, Marco Bittelli, Maria Giuseppina Persichillo, Massimiliano Bordoni, Roberto Valentino, A. Vercesi, Chiara Vergani, S. Chersich, Bordoni, M, Meisina, C, Vercesi, A, Bischetti, G, Chiaradia, E, Vergani, C, Chersich, S, Valentino, R, Bittelli, M, Comolli, R, Persichillo, M, Cislaghi, A, Bordoni, M., Meisina, C., Vercesi, A., Bischetti, G.B., Chiaradia, E.A., Vergani, C., Chersich, S., Valentino, R., Bittelli, M., Comolli, R., Persichillo, M.G., and Cislaghi, A.
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Soil Science ,Landslide ,Soil science ,Context (language use) ,Root system ,Silt ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Roots ,Grapevines ,Root ,Slope stability ,Loam ,Soil water ,Settore AGR/03 - ARBORICOLTURA GENERALE E COLTIVAZIONI ARBOREE ,Grapevine ,Grapevines Roots Soil mechanical reinforcement ,Rootstock ,Soil mechanical reinforcement ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Hilly slopes cultivated with vineyards are often affected by rainfall-induced shallow landslides that cause destruction and loss of the cultivations. For this reason, the assessment of mechanical contribution from grapevine roots is fundamental for slope stability analyses and consequently for the slope preservation. In this context, our work aims to quantitatively evaluate the soil reinforcement given by grapevine roots. The selected study area (13.4 km 2 ), located in the region of Oltrepo Pavese in Northern Italy, is characterized by a high shallow landslides density and is constituted by vineyards in steep slopes. The tested soils are Haplic Calcisols, Petric Calcisols and Calcic Gleysols, with silt loamy or silty clay loamy textures, from high to very high carbonate content and low organic carbon and nitrogen contents. The rootstock of the grapevine is a combination of Vitis berlandieri and Vitis riparia with root systems, which reach average depths of up to 1.5 m. The grapevine root density (number of roots and Root Area Ratio) is rather variable and is strongly correlated to soil permeability. In fact, the results show that low permeable soils have small number of roots and occur near recent shallow slides. Despite the differences of soil features, type of bedrock, grapevine plants age, vineyards row orientation and season collection, a unique relationship between root diameter and root tensile strength has been identified. Root reinforcement, related to the grapevine root system and evaluated using Fiber Bundle Model, shows the lowest values in correspondence of sites characterized by the lowest soil permeability, as in the study case Calcic Gleysols. The sites with these soil features, actually, are also those most affected by shallow instability in the past, indicating that their great susceptibility to shallow landslides. The results of this study also highlight the role played by different amounts of grapevine root reinforcement on the slope stability during rainfall conditions, which could lead to triggering, on the study area.
- Published
- 2016
18. Phonons and phase symmetries in bulk CrCl3 from scattering measurements and theory.
- Author
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Li, Xun, Do, Seung-Hwan, Yan, Jiaqiang, McGuire, Michael A., Granroth, Garrett E., Mu, Sai, Berlijn, Tom, Cooper, Valentino R., Christianson, Andrew D., and Lindsay, Lucas
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PHONONS , *INELASTIC neutron scattering , *SPIN excitations , *UNIT cell , *DENSITY functional theory , *QUANTUM interference - Abstract
Phonon-derived behaviors are important indicators of novel phenomena in transition metal trihalides, including spin liquid behavior, two-dimensional magnetism, and spin-lattice coupling. However, phonons and their dependence on spin structure and excitations have not been adequately explored. In this work, we probe and critically examine the vibrational properties of the prototype ferromagnetic honeycomb lattice material CrCl 3 using inelastic neutron scattering and density functional theory. We demonstrate that magnetic and van der Waals interactions are essential to describing the structure and phonons in CrCl 3 ; however, the specific spin configuration is unimportant. This provides context for understanding thermal transport measurements as governed by dynamical spin-lattice couplings. More importantly, we introduce an efficient dynamic method that exploits translational symmetries in large conventional unit cells that generates insights into phonon dispersions, interactions, and measured spectra in terms of quantum phase interference conditions. This work opens new avenues for understanding phonons in layered magnets and more generally in conventional cell geometries of a variety of materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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19. Oxygen vacancy diffusion in bulk SrTiO3 from density functional theory calculations.
- Author
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Zhang, Lipeng, Liu, Bin, Zhuang, Houlong, Kent, P.R.C., Cooper, Valentino R., Ganesh, P., and Xu, Haixuan
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DIFFUSION , *OXYGEN , *STRONTIUM titanate , *DENSITY functionals , *PEROVSKITE , *POINT defects - Abstract
Point defects and their diffusion contribute significantly to the properties of perovskite materials. However, even for the prototypical case of oxygen vacancies in SrTiO 3 (STO), the predictions of oxygen vacancy activity vary widely. Here we present a comprehensive and systematic study of the diffusion barriers in bulk STO. Using density functional theory (DFT), we assess the role of different supercell sizes, density functionals, and charge states. Our results show that vacancy-induced octahedral rotations, which are limited by the boundary conditions of the supercell, can significantly affect the computed oxygen vacancy diffusion energy barrier. In addition, we find that the diffusion energy barrier of a charged oxygen vacancy is lower than that of a neutral one. This difference is magnified in small supercells. We demonstrate that with increasing supercell size, the effects of the oxygen vacancy charge state and the type of DFT exchange and correlation functional diminish, and all DFT predicted migration energy barriers asymptote to a range of 0.39–0.49 eV, which is smaller than the reported experimental values. This work provides important insights and guidance that should be considered for investigations of point defect diffusion in perovskite materials and in oxide superlattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Improvement of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Erythropoetin Is Not Mediated Through Bone Marrow Cell Recruitment In Rats
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Esposito, C., Pertile, E., Grosjean, F., Castoldi, F., Diliberto, R., Serpieri, N., Arra, M., Villa, L., Mangione, F., Esposito, V., Migotto, C., Valentino, R., and Dal Canton, A.
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TREATMENT of reperfusion injuries , *ACUTE kidney failure , *ERYTHROPOIETIN , *BONE marrow cells , *GLOMERULAR filtration rate , *LABORATORY rats , *FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization - Abstract
Abstract: Background: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure in kidney transplantation; however, the mechanisms of kidney damage and repair are not yet clear. So far no treatment has been effective to prevent I/R injury. In the present study we evaluated the effect of erythropoetin (EPO) in I/R injury in rats. We investigated the role of bone marrow cells (BMC) in kidney repair and the effect of EPO on BMC recruitment. Materials and Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats transplanted with male BMCs underwent I/R injury. In the treatment group rats received 5000 IU of EPO 30 minutes before renal ischemia. At 2 and 4 weeks after I/R, rats were humanely killed and we measured creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate [GFR]), proteinuria, and body weight (BW). Renal tissue was harvested for histologic and molecular analysis. Fluorescein in situ hybridization (FISH) and TUNEL were used to determined the presence of male cell chimerism and apoptosis in renal tissue. Results: At 4 weeks after I/R, EPO significantly improved GFR (1.8 ± 0.2 vs 1.2 ± 0.14 mL/min; P < .05). No significant differences between EPO and control rats were observed in proteinuria, BW, and hemoglobin levels at 2 and 4 weeks. After death, the kidney showed only minimal tubulointerstitial changes, which were more marked in control rats. FISH analysis demonstrated a low degree of microchimerism, not significantly different between EPO and control rats. Apoptosis decreased between 2 and 4 weeks after I/R, in both EPO and control groups. Conclusion: EPO improved GFR and injury at 4 weeks after I/R; however, it did not enhance the recruitment of BMC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Syndromes de Guillain-Barré associés au virus Zika, une étude prospective dans la Caraïbe.
- Author
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Rozé, B., Najioullah, F., Ferge, J., Apetse, K., Brouste, Y., Cesaire, R., Leparc-Goffart, I., Valentino, R., Signate, A., and Cabié, A.
- Abstract
Introduction L’infection à Zika virus (ZIKV) a été associée à la survenue du syndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) au cours d’études rétrospectives ou de séries cliniques. La confirmation de l’infection à ZIKV était principalement basée sur des études sérologiques, comportant une possibilité de réaction croisée avec d’autres Flavivirus. Les objectifs de l’étude étaient de décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des SGB associés au ZIKV, et évaluer l’intérêt de la biologie moléculaire dans le bilan étiologique des SGB pendant l’épidémie d’infections à ZIKV de 2016. Matériels et méthodes Patients inclus dans la cohorte CARBO dans une île des Antilles entre le 01/01/2016 et le 31/10/2016. Analyse des cas de SGB ayant un score diagnostic de 1 ou 2 selon l’algorithme de certitude de la Brighton Collaboration, avec une infection récente par le ZIKV confirmée. Résultats Sur les 34 patients suspects de SGB durant la période épidémique de 10 mois, le diagnostic de SGB était retenu dans 30 cas, dont 27 avec une preuve d’infection récente par le ZIKV. Dix-sept cas ont été confirmés par RT-PCR dans les urines, et 10 par sérologies (IgM ZIKV dans 4 cas et séroneutralisations dans 6 cas). Le taux d’attaque du SGB associé au ZIKV était de 0,7/10 000 habitants. L’âge moyen des cas était de 61 ans (IQR 55–71), avec un sex ratio de 1,45. Soixante-dix pour cent [19/27] avaient eu un syndrome viral précédent la survenue des troubles neurologiques (délai moyen de 6 jours (IQR 2-8)). La durée moyenne de la phase ascendante était de 9 jours (IQR 4,5–12), et celle du plateau de 7,5 jours (IQR 3–10,5). Les SGB étaient majoritairement sévères (70 % [19/27] des patients ayant des troubles de déglutition, 56 % [15/27] admis en réanimation). Le délai moyen entre la survenue des troubles neurologiques et l’introduction des immunoglobulines polyvalentes était de 6 jours (IQR 2–9). Vingt-cinq patients ont eu un électromyogramme (EMG) dans un délai moyen de 21 jours (IQR 10–22) après la survenue des troubles neurologiques, et 13 patients un deuxième EMG dans un délai moyen de 72 jours (IQR 54–92), en faveur de formes démyélinisantes (AIDP). Conclusion L’infection à ZIKV était associée à la survenue de SGB graves chez des personnes de plus de 60 ans, majoritairement des hommes. L’étude de la virurie a permis de détecter précocement les cas liés au ZIKV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Épidémiologie et caractéristiques du purpura thrombocytopénique thrombotique en Martinique.
- Author
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Patient, M., Moinet, F., Polomat, K., Valentino, R., Meniane, J.C., Mary, J., Blettery, M., Brunier, L., Arfi, S., and Deligny, C.
- Abstract
Introduction Certaines études suggèrent que l’incidence du purpura thrombocytopénique thrombotique (PTT) serait plus élevée dans les populations d’origine africaine [1,2] . Cependant, il n’existe que peu de données en ce sens dans la littérature. Nous avons donc mené une étude pour permettre la description de l’épidémiologie du PTT et de ses caractéristiques cliniques et biologiques dans la population afrocaribéenne de la Martinique. Patients et méthodes Nous avons réalisé une étude monocentrique rétrospective descriptive, regroupant l’ensemble de patients présentant un PTT pris en charge au CHU de Martinique (seul centre à réaliser les échanges plasmatiques sur l’île) entre le 1 er janvier 2008 et le 31 décembre 2015. L’ensemble des patients ayant un dosage de l’activité ADAMTS-13 était analysé. Les patients inclus pour le calcul de l’incidence devaient être Martiniquais et vivre en Martinique. Le diagnostic de PTT, suspecté sur l’association d’une anémie hémolytique mécanique et d’une thrombopénie, était confirmé par un dosage d’activité ADAMTS-13 < 10 %. La sévérité des atteintes neurologiques était définie par l’existence de signe de focalisation, une crise d’épilepsie, un accident vasculaire cérébral, des troubles de la conscience. L’atteinte rénale était classée en insuffisance rénale aiguë sévère si elle nécessitait une hémodialyse ou devant une élévation de la créatininémie de plus de 50 μmol/L à deux jours d’intervalle. L’atteinte cardiaque était retenue si le dosage de la troponine était supérieure ou égale à 25 ng/L. Les patients ne vivant pas en Martinique, ayant un cancer et/ou chimiothérapie, VIH+ ou transplantés étaient exclus de l’étude. Résultats Sur la période d’étude, un dosage de l’activité ADAMTS-13 avait été demandé pour 28 patients. Parmi eux, 12 ont été exclus pour l’absence de PTT avec un dosage d’activité ADAMTS-13 > 10 % (maladie de Willebrandt, CIVD, autre microangiopathie thrombotique, crise rénale sclérodermique, maladie de Biermer, purpura thrombopénique immunologique ; n = 1 chacun)… Six patients, atteints de PTT, étaient secondairement exclus de l’épidémiologie par leur origine géographique (trois guadeloupéens, une guyanaise, une sainte-lucienne, une tchadienne). Tous les patients étaient d’origine Africaine par autodéclaration. Dix patients (femme/homme) étaient finalement inclus pour calculer l’incidence, soit une incidence annuelle moyenne brute de 3,2 cas/million d’habitants/an. L’âge médian au diagnostic était de 51 ans (DS 15,68 ans). Trois patients (30 %) avaient un terrain auto-immun connu : un neurolupus, une sclérose concentrique de Balo, une polyarthrite rhumatoïde séronégative destructrice. Une hyperthermie > 38 °C était retrouvée chez 3 patients au départ de la prise en charge. Le tableau neurologique était jugé sévère (déficit focal : n = 7 ; confusion : n = 5, convulsion/coma : n = 0). La troponine était élevée, en moyenne à 103 ng/L chez les 5 patients pour lesquels elle était disponible. La thrombopénie médiane était à 13 g/L (extrêmes : 3–38), l’hémoglobine médiane à 76 g/L (extrêmes : 62–104), la schizocytose à > 1 % dans 90 % des cas (extrêmes : 0–25). Une créatininémie > 132 μM était retrouvée dans 10 % (créatininémie médiane : 102 μM ; étendue : 80–387). La pentade diagnostique n’était présente chez aucun des patients. Il existait 9 complications infectieuses (90 %), toutes sur cathéter veineux central. Elles étaient associées à une phase d’exacerbation chez 3 patients (30 %). Le traitement classique associant corticothérapie et échanges plasmatiques était efficace dans 60 % des cas. En moyenne, vingt-cinq jours (7–48) étaient nécessaires pour une normalisation durable du taux plaquettaire. On notait la présence d’anticorps antinucléaires à un taux > 1/160 chez 6/10 patients. Les anticorps anti-ADAMTS-13 étaient retrouvés chez 4 patients : en moyenne 81 UI/l (30–100). Quatre patients présentaient un PTT réfractaire ou une rechute à l’espacement des échanges plasmatiques. En deuxième intention, ils bénéficiaient d’un traitement par rituximab ( n = 3) ou cyclophosphamide ( n = 1). Le taux de survie était alors de 90 %. Conclusion L’incidence du PTT en Martinique est deux fois plus élevée qu’en métropole (1,58 cas/million d’habitants/an à Grenoble) ou dans la population européenne de l’Oklahoma (1,76 cas/million d’habitants/an et 9,29 fois plus fréquent dans les populations noires/européens) [2,3] . Le tableau clinique ne semble différer que par une atteinte neurologique à la fois plus fréquente et plus sévère. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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23. Rapamycin Reduces Proteinuria and Renal Damage in the Rat Remnant Kidney Model
- Author
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Esposito, C., Villa, L., Grosjean, F., Mangione, F., Esposito, V., Castoldi, F., Serpieri, N., Arra, M., Pertile, E., Maggi, N., Valentino, R., and Dal Canton, A.
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RAPAMYCIN , *CLINICAL drug trials , *TREATMENT of chronic kidney failure , *PROTEINURIA , *LABORATORY rats , *ANIMAL models in research , *NEPHROTOXICOLOGY , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
Abstract: Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug used to prevent acute allograft rejection in solid organ transplantation. It shows less nephrotoxicity than calcineurin inhibitors. We evaluated the effect of rapamycin in rats undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy, a model of proteinuric and progressive renal failure. Fourteen days after surgery rats were randomized either to receive rapamycin or to remain untreated (control). Rats were humanely killed on day 91; serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and proteinuria were assessed. Renal sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff to evaluate glomerular volume (Gv), glomerulosclerosis (GS) and tubulointerstitial damage (TIS); we evaluated GS and TIS by Sirius red staining (SR). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Rapamycin affected neither serum creatinine nor creatinine clearance; it reduced Gv (controls, 5.9 ± 3.1 × 106; rapamycin, 1.3 ± 0.7 × 106 μm3) and proteinuria (control, 349 ± 146; rapamycin, 56 ± 27 mg/24 h; P < .05); rapamycin ameliorated GS (control, 78 ± 7; rapamycin, 36 ± 7%; P < .05; SR: control, 13.2 ± 3.5; rapamycin, 3.8 ± 1.0%; P < .05), and TIS (control, 3.25 ± 0.5; rapamycin, 1.0 ± 0.1; P < .05; SR: control, 29 ± 3; rapamycin, 11 ± 3%; P < .05). Rapamycin reduced αSMA (control, 3.25 ± 0.5; rapamycin, 1.0 ± 0.1; P < .05), VIM (control, 3.5 ± 0.6; rapamycin, 1.0 ± 1.4; P < .05), and CD68+ cells infiltration (control, 110 ± 43; rapamycin, 24 ± 1 cells; P < .05). Rapamycin slows the progression of renal damage in the rat remnant kidney and may represent a novel approach to the treatment of chronic kidney disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
- Full Text
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