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In this work, fine nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were successfully made utilizing a straightforward co-precipitation approach at low temperature. The effects of precursor concentration on the structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of NiO nanoparticles were investigated. All indexed diffraction peaks in XRD demonstrate the production of NiO with cubic structure. An increase in NiO crystallite size above 16.8 nm was observed when the precursor concentration exceeds 2 M, suggesting the presence of nanostructure in the final product. In FT-Raman spectra, the band centered at ∼ 500 cm–1 is due to Ni-O stretching (LO) mode, and two-magnon (2 M) scattering mode causes the band at 1514 cm–1. The synthesized product is composed of almost rod-shaped particles with a size range of 10–20 nm, according to FESEM pictures. The UV absorption studies showed a high absorption at the fundamental absorption edges originating at 332 nm, which gradually shifted to a lower energy region up to 400 nm with increasing precursor concentration, which means a reduction in bandgap values. The effect of precursor concentration associated with the electrical characteristics of the produced NiO nanoparticles has been investigated for the temperature range 30 to 130 °C. The I-V characterization was used to compute the different photo-diode parameters including n, Ф B , I o , P S , R, QE, and D*. The remarkable high photosensitivity of 1100% and specific detectivity of 4.324 × 10−10 Jones for the diode evaluated at 120 mW/cm2 was observed in a 2 M fabricated diode. These findings imply that all the fabricated diodes are exceptionally light-sensitive and are well-suited for upcoming UV photodetector applications. [Display omitted] • Development of NiO nanostructures-based photodiode with remarkable photosensitivity is reported • The XRD and Raman analyses confirm the synthesis of cubic NiO system • Crystallite size was improved from 10 to 17 nm with an increase in molar concentrations • Rising concentrations cause a steady decrease in the band gap energy from 3.45 to 3.1 eV. • A remarkably high photosensitivity of 1100% was observed for the device developed with 2 M concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal selenides of were synthesized for various weight percentage of Mn (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 wt %). MnSe 2 -CoSe 2 emerged as the novel-energy storing material for the supercapacitor application and guaranteed the improved electrochemical performance in asymmetric configuration. As prepared metal selenide composite was explored for standard characterization studies. XRD reveals the highly crystalline in nature of the as prepared samples. Se bonding with Mn-Co is confirmed from the sharp peak obtained at 470 cm−1. The chemical elemental composition was evaluated by the XPS, hence the characterization outcome confirm the successful growth of the material. The specific capacitance of Mn3 (0.15 wt %) is 373 Fg-1 in 1 M KOH; Mn1 (0.05 wt %-184 Fg-1) and Mn2 (0.1 wt %-295 Fg-1). The electrode shows excellent capacity retention of 95.86% at 5 Ag-1 even after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, asymmetric configuration of Mn3 (0.15 wt %)//AC device delivered significant value of power density even at high energy density. Thus, the as-prepared asymmetric device easily illumines the green light emitting diode which indicates the Mn3 (0.15 wt %) is an acceptable product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The hexagonal crystal structure was observed by XRD. • The nanoflakes and flower-like structure were obtained using FESEM analysis. • The electrode material prepared with 160 °C temperature exhibits excellent super capacitive performances. • A maximum specific capacitance of 691 Fg−1 at current density 1 Ag−1 and good cyclic stability of 89 % over 5000 cycles. This work describes the formation of two-dimensional Molybdenum di-sulfide (MoS 2) nanoflakes developed by temperature varying hydrothermal method from 140 °C to 200 °C and further applied as effective electrode material for high performance supercapacitor. The structural analysis confirms the formation of hexagonal crystal structure of MoS 2 by XRD. The surface morphological study revealed uniform growth of MoS 2 nanoflakes and flower-like structure. The chemical bonding and the location of Mo-S band was confirmed at 600 cm−1 through FTIR–spectrum. The electrochemical performances of the MoS 2 electrode were analyzed by Cyclic Voltammetry, Galvanostatic Charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance techniques. The electrode material prepared at 160 °C temperature exhibits excellent super capacitive performances when compared to other temperatures. This electrode recorded a maximum specific capacitance of 691 Fg−1 at current density 1 Ag−1 and good cyclic stability of 89 % over 5000 cycles. It exhibits very less charge transfer resistance 1 Ω which is lesser than other electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastomas are malignant tumors of the central nervous system hallmarked by subclonal diversity and dynamic adaptation amid developmental hierarchies. The source of dynamic reorganization within the spatial context of these tumors remains elusive. Here, we characterized glioblastomas by spatially resolved transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. By deciphering regionally shared transcriptional programs across patients, we infer that glioblastoma is organized by spatial segregation of lineage states and adapts to inflammatory and/or metabolic stimuli, reminiscent of the reactive transformation in mature astrocytes. Integration of metabolic imaging and imaging mass cytometry uncovered locoregional tumor-host interdependence, resulting in spatially exclusive adaptive transcriptional programs. Inferring copy-number alterations emphasizes a spatially cohesive organization of subclones associated with reactive transcriptional programs, confirming that environmental stress gives rise to selection pressure. A model of glioblastoma stem cells implanted into human and rodent neocortical tissue mimicking various environments confirmed that transcriptional states originate from dynamic adaptation to various environments. [Display omitted] • Five spatially distinct transcriptional programs are identified in glioblastomas • Hypoxia induces defined transcriptional and genomic responses, including CNAs • Immunosuppressive tumor-myeloid cell interactions are enhanced in segregated niches • Non-stress environments support subtype transition towards developmental stages Ravi et al. employ spatially resolved multi-omics in glioblastoma samples and identify segregated niches hallmarked by immunological and metabolic stress factors. These spatial niches are influenced by the tumor microenvironment and reflect transcriptional adaptations to inflammatory or metabolic stimuli and recapitulate neural developmental stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ni-ZnO is impressive in hampering breast cancer cells growth. • Ni-ZnO revealed nuclear condensation and fragmentation. • Ni-ZnO is worth enough to serve as an anticancer drug. Nanostructured zinc oxide received much attention with its distinctive properties. Undoped and doped ZnO formation by hydrothermal route was summarized. ZnO hexagonal structure was confirmed by sharp X-ray diffraction peak corresponding to crystalline plane (1 0 1), and doped ZnO diffraction peaks have a minor shift to inferior angle by 0.6˚. FTIR confirmed Zn-O vibration band observed at 422 cm−1. The doping concentration played a vital role in materials morphology and optical properties. SEM confirmed the existence of thin uniform nanoplate surface morphology. ZnO oxygen vacancies were revealed by PL spectra, which exhibited a chief role in anticancer mechanism and activity with green emission (491 nm, 2.52 eV) originated from electrons shift between ionized oxygen vacancy and valence band. Prepared ZnO with and without dopants have been explored to reveal anticancer applications, and obtained results are more suitable for real-time applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Improved specific capacitance of 365 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 was achieved. • Outstanding 99% cyclabilty even after 5000 cycles was achieved. • Product explored enhanced stability. Electrode material potential evolution is a proficient and vast challenge to deliver improved electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. This work reports a combination of ternary selenide (CoNiSe 2) electrode performance. Different surfactant effect seems to boost up prepared electrode performance. Hexagonal structured CoNiSe 2 revealed sharp XRD peak at 33.4° (1 0 1) plane and explored crystalline phase purity. FTIR uphold functional O–H group and a metal complex. The sharp band at 476 cm−1 ascribed to Se bonding with the obtained product. PEG-1000 influence on ternary selenide elucidates charge transfer kinetics between energy levels among CTAB and HMTA. The electrode shows outstanding energy storage capacities with 99% of cyclability long-lasting even after 5000 cycles. The ternary selenide using PEG 1000 assisted surfactant experiences enhanced stability with an improved capacitance of 365 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1. Among surfactants, PEG 1000 assisted CoNiSe 2 showed excellent performance and proves the product is well suitable for the storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Unique layered structural property enhanced electrochemical performance. • Increased specific capacitance of 1100 Fg−1 at 0.5 A/g at 0.5 V. • Better rate capability and stability achieved within studied range. • Product explored enhanced stability and retains 98.1% after 2000 cycles. Material storage property enrichment with good electrochemical performance is a foremost challenge. Cobalt hydroxide and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite synthesized via chemical precipitation method showed improved specific capacitance and cycle stability. The unique rGO layered structure in composite enhanced overall electrochemical performance. Raman spectra revealed disordered rGO structure and A 1g mode of Co(OH) 2 in composite. rGO/Co(OH) 2 electrode showed increased specific capacitance of 1100 Fg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1 with better rate capability and good stability (98.1%) after 2000 cycles. These results proved that rGO/Co(OH) 2 is a perfect electrode for electrochemical energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Polymer alloys, particularly interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) exhibit excellent coating properties. Often combination of polymers result in IPNs with controlled morphologies and synergistic behavior. In this study, corrosion-resistant IPNs were prepared from immiscible resins (epoxy, silicone and thiophene) using a cross-linking agent and a catalyst. GPC, FTIR, NMR, TG, DTA and SEM studies used to fix the best performing IPN. Surface morphology studies using SEM confirm the incorporation of silicone and polythiophene in to the epoxy polymer to form homogeneously micro structured IPN. The heat-resistance of the IPN was determined as per ASTM 2485. The improved corrosion resistance of the IPN was evaluated by AC impedance measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Acoustic methods testify variety of sedimentary bodies in the Slovak mountain lakes. • Occurrence of glaciolacustrine laminated deposit in certain lakes. • Revealing the postglacial intralacustrine landslides. • Non-karstic bottom springs causing the perturbation and hiatuses in limnic record. An acoustic survey using sub-bottom sonar (SBS) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle EcoMapper (AUVEM) combined with coring was used for the investigation of bottom topography, thickness of the sediments, and geodynamic factors influencing the postglacial deposition in Tatra Mts. lakes. This combined study of seven lakes shows four basic acoustic units and four subunits that are interpreted in terms of stratigraphy and lithology. However, the presence of particular acoustic units may not be encountered in all the lakes due to the effects of local and internal lake processes. Thick horizontal reflections with high amplitude reflectors characterize the bedrock or the infill with a thickness of more than 6 m. Chaotic internal reflection configuration and high amplitude reflectors are common and reflect the glacigene deposits of unknown thickness in the bottom of the lakes. Above the signals of glacigene sediments lie reflections with weak to moderate amplitude reflectors, and with a parallel and chaotic configuration. They correspond to the glaciolacustrine laminated clay and silt and postglacial gyttja that contain clastic outwash from various mass movement deposits. The transition zone between these two SBS reflections is formed by a discontinuous, parallel and wavy configuration with the acoustic bottom. This type of signal is interpreted as a mixture of cobbles, boulders, and fine-grained sediments. The exact lithological content and the presence of the acoustic units are determined by other factors that may not be visible around the lakes and can cause stratigraphic hiatuses. As a prominent and un-recognized factor in the Tatra Mts. until now is the presence of the bottom springs (pockmarks) of the non-karstic origin, which effectively disturb the fine clastic and organic matter deposition and hence can limit the use of the lake deposit for palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological studies. The mass movement processes – debris flow, rockfall – forming the mountain geo-relief are frequent and their products are visible in the marginal facies. The sonar inspection also provides evidence of mass movement deposits, which have no indication on the terrestrial environment and thereby represent intralacustrine landslides as a result of bedrock instability due to the late Pleistocene deglaciation or Holocene climatic variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Acoustic methods testify variety of sedimentary bodies in the Slovak mountain lakes. • Occurrence of glaciolacustrine laminated deposit in certain lakes. • Revealing the postglacial intralacustrine landslides. • Non-karstic bottom springs causing the perturbation and hiatuses in limnic record. An acoustic survey using sub-bottom sonar (SBS) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle EcoMapper (AUVEM) combined with coring was used for the investigation of bottom topography, thickness of the sediments, and geodynamic factors influencing the postglacial deposition in Tatra Mts. lakes. This combined study of seven lakes shows four basic acoustic units and four subunits that are interpreted in terms of stratigraphy and lithology. However, the presence of particular acoustic units may not be encountered in all the lakes due to the effects of local and internal lake processes. Thick horizontal reflections with high amplitude reflectors characterize the bedrock or the infill with a thickness of more than 6 m. Chaotic internal reflection configuration and high amplitude reflectors are common and reflect the glacigene deposits of unknown thickness in the bottom of the lakes. Above the signals of glacigene sediments lie reflections with weak to moderate amplitude reflectors, and with a parallel and chaotic configuration. They correspond to the glaciolacustrine laminated clay and silt and postglacial gyttja that contain clastic outwash from various mass movement deposits. The transition zone between these two SBS reflections is formed by a discontinuous, parallel and wavy configuration with the acoustic bottom. This type of signal is interpreted as a mixture of cobbles, boulders, and fine-grained sediments. The exact lithological content and the presence of the acoustic units are determined by other factors that may not be visible around the lakes and can cause stratigraphic hiatuses. As a prominent and un-recognized factor in the Tatra Mts. until now is the presence of the bottom springs (pockmarks) of the non-karstic origin, which effectively disturb the fine clastic and organic matter deposition and hence can limit the use of the lake deposit for palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological studies. The mass movement processes – debris flow, rockfall – forming the mountain geo-relief are frequent and their products are visible in the marginal facies. The sonar inspection also provides evidence of mass movement deposits, which have no indication on the terrestrial environment and thereby represent intralacustrine landslides as a result of bedrock instability due to the late Pleistocene deglaciation or Holocene climatic variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A polycrystalline with dual phase in nature of cubic and monoclinic structure was observed. • The largest and lowest energy gap values are found to be 4.03 eV and 2.44 eV for Gd and metal copper. • White sponge, nanorods, nanoneedles and nanorice shaped morphology has observed by FESEM. • The MIS diode was achieved a minimum ideality factor values of 5.34. • The excellent opto-electronics properties of the developed photodetectors make it suitable for future nano-electronics. Here we are reporting the development of Gadolinium based copper oxide nanocomposites via a cost-effective low-temperature co-precipitation process. X-ray diffraction study approves the dual phase polycrystalline cubic and monoclinic structure with predominant orientations along (2 2 2) and (0 0 2) directions. A strong &sharp peak is positioned at ~512 cm−1in FT-IR is assigned to metal oxide (Cu-O/Gd-O) network terminal stretching & phonon band. Absorption study reveals strong absorption peaks for the samples prepared from pure copper (Cu) and gadolinium (Gd), however poor absorption was noticed from mixed CuO-Gd2O 3 nanocomposites.The largest and lowest energy gap values are found to be 4.03 eV and 2.44 eV for Gd and metal copper, respectively. White sponge, nanorods, nanoneedles and nanorice shaped morphology has observed from FESEM analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectrum unveils the essential elements like Cu, Gd and oxygen. The peak fitting of Gd4d exhibits two major peaks at 143.6 and 155.8 eV binding energies correspond to spin orbit doublet splitting of 12.2 eV between 4d 5/2 and 4d 3/2 , respectively. From I-V study, we observed that the presence of CuO-Gd 2 O 3 nanocomposites at p-Si/Al interface improved the performance of the MIS diode. The excellent opto-electronics properties of the developed photo-detectors make it suitable for future nano-electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases (PMT) are critical for the growth and development of nematodes. • Analysis of PMT1 from the pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) confirms biochemical function. • The crystal structure of BxPMT1 reveals how the enzyme functions to methylate substrates. • Site-directed mutagenesis identifies key residues on two surface loops as critical for phosphobase methylation.. In free-living and parasitic nematodes, the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine provides a key metabolite to sustain phospholipid biosynthesis for growth and development. Because the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases (PMT) of nematodes are essential for normal growth and development, these enzymes are potential targets of inhibitor design. The pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) causes extensive damage to trees used for lumber and paper in Asia. As a first step toward testing BxPMT1 as a potential nematicide target, we determined the 2.05 Å resolution x-ray crystal structure of the enzyme as a dead-end complex with phosphoethanolamine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. The three-dimensional structure of BxPMT1 served as a template for site-directed mutagenesis to probe the contribution of active site residues to catalysis and phosphoethanolamine binding using steady-state kinetic analysis. Biochemical analysis of the mutants identifies key residues on the β1d-α6 loop (W123F, M126I, and Y127F) and β1e-α7 loop (S155A, S160A, H170A, T178V, and Y180F) that form the phosphobase binding site and suggest that Tyr127 facilitates the methylation reaction in BxPMT1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]