Search

This study analyzes the use of eye-tracking measures to evaluate user experience (UX) in website design and examines how adherence to design best practices affects it. The primary focus is on the impact of link appearance on perceived website UX. The experiment compared two versions of a website: A (design-compliant) and B (non-compliant). The study involved 102 participants who interacted with both website versions while their eye movements were monitored and recorded. The objective was to determine if eye-tracking metrics, specifically fixation periods, visit durations, and the number of fixations, could effectively distinguish between more user-friendly and less effective designs. The results revealed significant variations in different eye-tracking metrics between the two versions, indicating that such measures can be useful indicators of user experience quality. These findings support the premise that well-designed websites promote better user interaction, as evidenced by more efficient eye movement patterns. This study advances the field of human-computer interaction by providing empirical evidence on the efficacy of eye-tracking measures in evaluating web design, with implications for enhancing user interface design standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EffiESGen web application is a new huge step regarding the using of new technology on and for education, stimuli of the aggressive creation of examination schedules and improved cooperation among the representatives of the educational sector. Built with a user-oriented design principle, EffiESGen manages to respond to the multifaceted issues that are characteristic of the conventional exam timetabling. The features employed in the application utilize advanced formulations that help in processing scheduling information for uniformity and resource allocation. EffiESGen gives administrators a system where they can easily post and share exam timetables, at the same time offer students a system where they can retrieve and download their own specific exam timetables. The benefits of using collaborative tools like messaging and file sharing are the added ability to have an easy communication between the students, instructors and administrators in making the process of scheduling exams more collaborative and less of a hassle. This paper aims at describing the process of creation of EffiESGen, stating the major characteristics and positive impact which it can bring to the institution in terms of exam management. Using empirical studies and various users' views, EffiESGen's real-life application and effectiveness is described, proving its purpose of enriching everyone's learner-centered process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing exploitation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has enabled the design of user interfaces in a way that integrating artificial intelligence capabilities has become crucial in the modern digital landscape. Exploring the main features and best practices for designing user interfaces for Web applications, which effectively support and leverage AI functionalities, is currently one of the relevant topics in this context. This research work discusses the fundamental principles of user interface (UI) design, and the challenges posed by the integration of AI into web applications. It emphasizes the need to strike a balance between the AI advanced capabilities and the users' ability to understand and control the system. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of creating intuitive and engaging UI designs that empower users to interact with AI-driven features effortlessly. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of various UI design techniques specifically tailored for AI-enabled web applications user interfaces. Additionally, the paper explores the incorporation of AI-driven recommendation systems, personalized interfaces, and adaptive designs, which dynamically adapt to users' preferences and behavior. To validate the proposed user interface design principles, the study presents a proposal for a guidelines structure that promotes empirical evaluations through user studies and usability testing. Results collected via a survey based on measuring the effectiveness and user satisfaction of AI-enabled Web interfaces. User interfaces in real-life scenarios are presented and provides information on the impact of UI design decisions on user interaction and overall experience. The outcomes of this research work contribute to a deeper understanding of UI design for AI-supported Web applications user interfaces and offer practical guidelines for designers and developers. By embracing the suggested principles, organizations and designers can create Web interfaces that effectively harness the power of AI while prioritizing user-centricity, accessibility, and ethical considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined online persuasion through website design by using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and Persuasive System Design (PSD). This study investigates the phenomenon of the success of Lazada and Shopee to provide guidelines for website designers and local sellers to enhance the e-commerce website's persuasiveness. The persuasive design features in Lazada's and Shopee's e-commerce websites were evaluated based on the design criteria of the ELM and the PSD model. This study has examined (1) the influence of central route elements (Dialogue Support and Primary Task Support) towards Lazada and Shopee user's attitude change, (2) the influence of Lazada and Shopee user's attitude change towards behavioral intention and (3) the influence of Lazada and Shopee user's behavioral intention towards actual online buying behavior. A total of 414 samples were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results from the analysis indicated that Primary task support through navigation design (PTN) was found to be the most influential persuasive design criteria, followed by Social support through connectedness (SSC), and Dialogue support through argument quality (DSA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing new technological solutions, especially in the field of website design, can bring many benefits, including improving the usability of online stores and increasing the profits of the enterprise. With the development of technology and increasing competition, it is important for online stores to effectively present their offers and effectively convey product information. An online store should grow with the brand, respond to customer needs, and adapt to the audience. One of the tools that can help design more usable online stores is eye tracking - a method of studying users' eye movements while using the website. This article presents the results of empirical research aimed at comparing the format of product specifications on online store designs and choosing the best format in terms of usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel demountable interlocking web connection is developed for precast floor diaphragms. • In-plane shear behaviour of the connection is studied through tests and finite element analysis. • Reusability of the connection is verified experimentally. • Failure mode of the connection is affected by the faceplate tooth width. • Existing design recommendations are assessed in predicting the shear capacity of the connection. Traditional web connections in precast floor diaphragms adopt cast-in-situ or field welding techniques, which pose significant challenges for the disassembly and reuse of floor slabs. This paper introduces an innovative demountable interlocking web connection that relies on neither traditional welding nor bolting methods, with greatly improved assembly and disassembly efficiencies. Besides, multiple shear connectors can be installed in one go to reduce installation time compared with bolted connection. To assess the in-plane interaction behaviour between shear connectors and embedded steel plates, as well as to evaluate the reusability of this new web connection, a comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted through monotonic loading tests. Results indicated that the proposed web connection exhibited excellent force transmission capabilities, and effectively transferred shear forces through the deformation of the shear connectors. By using faceplates made of high-strength steel, the shear damage was efficiently limited to the connectors, which can be easily demounted and reinstalled to allow the slab to be reused. Additionally, the results also showed that increasing the number of shear keys did not impair the normalised shear resistance per connector but could greatly improve the installation efficiency. Finite element analysis was carried out to further investigate the parameters that influence the connection performance of the proposed web connection. Design recommendations were proposed based on parametric results to predict the in-plane shear resistance of this innovative demountable interlocking web connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the viability of reinforcing multi-openings beams with web steel plates (SPs) as an alternative to conventional shear reinforcement. Eight beams with multi openings and one solid beam were part of the experimental program. Internal reinforcement was provided by different web SP designs for each beam. The existence of transverse apertures and the distribution, thickness, and number of longitudinal and transverse SPs are investigated. It was investigated how important factors affected the tested beams' stiffness, toughness, failure mechanism, load displacement behavior, peak load and accompanying deflection, and cracking load. The results showed that lateral buckling that developed on the steel plates' compression side at the shear span was the reason why all of the tested beams collapsed. In comparison to a single LSP-beam, the peak loads of the beams rose by 59 % and 69 %, respectively, when two and three longitudinal steel longitudinal (LSPs) were executed. Furthermore, compared to performing two thinner LSPs, conducting one thicker LSP, having same thickness of two thinner LSPs, reduced the first crack load, peak load, deflection, stiffness, and toughness of the beams by 17.5 %, 31.39 %, 33.3 %, 1.06 %, and 43.14 %, respectively. Additionally, a finite element approach was used to computationally study the effects of the opening arrangement and the SP-to-beam height ratio. The findings demonstrated a 141 % increase in beam capacity when the SP-to-beam height ratio was raised from 0.4 to 1.0. The beam capacity was increased by 15 % due to the lack of openings near the supports. • This study examined the reinforcing of multi-openings concrete beams using steel plates (SPs). • Applying two or three SPs increased the peak loads of the studied beams by 59 % and 69 %, respectively. • By increasing the SP-to-beam depth ratio from 0.4 to 1.0, the beam capacity was increased by 241 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex architectural structures may be built in a simple and cost-effective way if their geometry respects the fabrication constraints. Examples of such structures are provided by gridshells that are built from straight and flat slats which are bent on site so that they become tangential or normal to the design surface. Tangential slats follow geodesic curves on the surface, while normal slats are attached along asymptotic curves. Extending work by Frei Otto, Julius Natterer and others, who placed the slats tangentially, Eike Schling proposed structures which also contain slats normal to the reference surface. In the present paper we address those gridshells that consist of three families of bent elements, either tangential or normal to the design surface, and are arranged in a triangular web. We propose algorithms for the computational design of such webs that start from a boundary strip and propagate it, partially under additional guidance, to an entire web. • Computational design of gridshells based on triangular webs of geodesic and asymptotic curves. • Propagation algorithms for the stable computation of such webs. • A design framework combining propagation, optimization, and interactive editing procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web Accessibility refers to apps, websites, and digital tools designed to be accessible by all users, including those with disabilities. The web is a source of public information, education, employment, government, commerce, health, entertainment, and many others, and every person, regardless of ability, has the right to access it. Imagine missing out on thousands of new customers because your competitor has an easier-to-use, WCAG-compliant website. This systematic literature review aims to analyze the empirical methods of evaluating accessibility to educational websites, disabilities, and errors. Some of the papers we will review here use automated tools, real users, or experts to evaluate web accessibility. After analyzing the results, we will determine if the websites comply or not with the Web Accessibility Content Guidelines (WCAG). Also, what are the differences between automated tools, real users, and experts in evaluating websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, there is neither research nor application, both mobile and website specifically designed to facilitate courses in the community, a non-profit organization. This paper discusses how to design a prototype for a mobile community-based, especially in the Personal Evangelism course at the Catholic Church of Mary Mother of Carmel in Jakarta, to give a solution to manage communication and course activities between members. This study uses the Task-centered User Interface design method which allows the interface to be designed and evaluated according to the user's work. In explaining the methodology, there are four phases including users' identification, requirements, design solution, and walkthrough evaluations. The evaluation is done in natural settings involving users and using the USE Questionnaire for the evaluation tool. The result obtained from the testing of the prototype with Usefulness (UF) aspect results is 82.88%, Ease of Use (EU) aspect results is 83.91%, Ease of Learning (EL) aspect results is 84.70%, Satisfaction (SA) aspect results is 81.21%, and the result of all usability aspects are 83.11% where Usefulness (UF), Ease of Use (EU), Ease of Learning (EL) respectively affected Satisfaction (SA). The finding of this study as a recommendation for the organization about the prototype is useful and worthy of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design-oriented studies play a pivotal role in shaping the future of hospitality, as they directly influence guest experience, operational efficiency, and even brand identity. This research pioneers the exploration of how font and corner curvature—two indispensable elements of website graphic design—affect the perception of luxury in digital branding through hedonic values and readability. Utilizing a mock-up luxury hotel website, we examined the effects of corner and font curvature through an experiment with 182 participants. The results show that: 1) both rounded corners and fonts increase the site's hedonic value, 2) rounded fonts improve readability, 3) hedonic value and readability significantly enhance luxury perception, and 4) sharp corners improve luxury perception. We recommend a combination of sharp corners and rounded fonts for luxury hotels, as sharp corners enhance luxury perception while rounded fonts improve readability and hedonic values. This approach balances brand identity with functionality and digital pleasure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the heart rate of a fetus is the only method for continuously monitoring fetal well-being during labour. Decelerations in the fetal heart rate, usually corresponding with contractions, provide information regarding the ability of the fetus to cope with a reduced oxygen supply caused by contractions. For this reason, visual and computer-based assessments of fetal well-being depend upon the correct identification of decelerations. Agreement between clinical professionals when identifying these features is poor. Automated methods offer a more consistent alternative, but must perform at a level comparable to a trained human observer. Collecting data to train these systems can be difficult due to time restraints on experts in fetal medicine. In this study, we designed a website to crowd-source data from clinical professionals at their convenience. This data was combined with that from other publicly available sources to produce a dataset that was used to train a convolutional auto-encoder to locate decelerations. Crowd-sourcing was found to be an effective method for collecting data that was suitable to successfully train a deep learning model to locate decelerations. The model trained using this data provided a comparable level of accuracy to users of the website and other models used for the same purpose. • Crowd-sourcing of data from medical professionals. • Use of deep learning for fetal heart-rate deceleration detection. • Improved specificity for deceleration detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a test program to study the web crippling behavior of cold-formed stainless steel stiffened C-sections. A total of 51 specimens having different stainless steel types, web slenderness ratios, flange conditions and bearing lengths were tested under interior-two-flange (ITF) load case codified in American Specification ASCE/SEI 8. The failure modes, load-displacement relationships and web crippling capacities of specimens with unfastened and fastened flanges were obtained and fully reported. It is found that the fastened flanges could significantly enhanced the web crippling capacities of the C-sections, especially for those with high web slenderness ratios. The test results showcased the specimen lengths had significant effects on the web crippling capacities of C-sections under ITF load case. The obtained experimental web crippling capacities were compared with the nominal predictions calculated by the American and European design provisions. It is indicated that the current American design provisions are generally unconservative and unreliable for the cold-formed stainless steel stiffened C-sections under ITF load case, except for austenitic stainless steel sections with flanges fastened. By contrast, the European design provisions are generally quite conservative in predicting the web crippling capacities. The reasons of unsatisfactory predictions by the codified design rules are discussed. • A total of 51 tests were conducted on cold-formed stainless steel stiffened C-sections under ITF load case. • The effect of flange unfastened/fastened conditions on web crippling capacities was investigated. • The effect of specimen lengths on web crippling capacities was examined. • Existing codified web crippling design rules are assessed and essential reasons of the unsatisfactory results are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents web crippling and structural design of high strength steel unlipped channel sections under end-two-flange (ETF) loading based on experimental and finite element investigations. The experimental programme was composed of six grade S690 and four grade S960 test specimens, and the corresponding test set-up, procedures and results were reported in detail. The web crippling test results were used in the numerical modelling programme to validate the developed FE models, which were then adopted to perform parametric studies to enlarge parameter ranges of the bearing length, web slenderness and inside bend radius. Given that codified design rules for S690 and S960 high strength steel unlipped channel sections undergoing web crippling are absent, the corresponding normal strength steel design provisions, as stipulated in the European code EN 1993-1-3 and American specification AISI S100, were evaluated for their suitability to high strength steel unlipped channel sections. It is shown that the ultimate strength of high strength steel unlipped channel sections nonlinearly increases with increasing bearing length but with decreasing web slenderness and inside bend radius. The design methods of current EN 1993-1-3 and AISI S100 provide inaccurate and scattered resistance predictions for high strength steel unlipped channel sections. Finally, a modified AISI S100 design method and a slenderness-based design method were proposed, which can outperform the codified design methods. • Web crippling of high strength steel unlipped channel sections under ETF loading is studied. • Ten web crippling tests and 160 supplementary numerical simulations are performed. • Codified design methods of EN 1993-1-3 and AISI S100 are found to be inaccurate. • An improved AISI S100 design method and a slenderness-based design method are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on web crippling behavior of hot rolled rectangular hollow section (RHS) with web holes. A total of 20 rectangular hollow sections, subjected to interior-two-flange (ITF) and end-two-flange (ETF) loading conditions undergoing web crippling, were experimentally tested. The experimental program was designed to obtain web crippling of specimen having slenderness (h/t) value of 21.32, by varying size and offset distance of web holes under two flange loading conditions. Finite element models of experimentally tested beams were developed, and results of finite element analysis showed good agreement with experimental results. A parametric study was then conducted using finite element analysis on different cross section sizes, to demonstrate the effect of size and position of web holes on web crippling capacity of rectangular hollow sections. It was demonstrated that ratio of diameter of web hole to the depth of flat portion of web (a/h) and ratio of offset distance of web hole to the flat portion of web (x/h) are the primary parameters affecting the web crippling strength. Design recommendations in the form of reduction factors for both loading conditions are proposed, that are conservative to both experimental and finite element results. To assess the reliability level of design recommendations, reliability analyses were undertaken. • Web crippling tests on rectangular hollow section with web holes were performed. • Finite element models were developed and verified against experimental results. • Parametric study involving analyses of 360 finite element models was conducted. • The effects of size and position of web holes were evaluated. • Equations of strength reduction factors were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Web crippling of high strength steel unlipped channel sections under EOF loading is studied. • Ten web crippling tests and 160 supplementary finite element simulations are performed. • Design methods in the European code and American specification are inaccurate. • An improved AISI S100 design method and a slenderness-based design method are proposed. This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations into the web crippling behaviour and structural design of high strength steel unlipped channel sections under end-one-flange loading. An experimental programme including six grade S690 and four grade S960 steel test specimens was firstly carried out, and the corresponding test set-up, procedures and results were reported. The web crippling test results were subsequently used in a finite element programme to validate developed finite element models, which were then adopted to perform parametric studies to cover wider parameter ranges of the bearing length, web slenderness and inside bend radius. It is found that the ultimate web crippling strength of high strength steel unlipped channel sections increases with increasing bearing length but decreasing web slenderness and inside bend radius. Considering that relevant codified design provisions are absent, the design rules of normal strength steel unlipped channel sections, as prescribed in EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and AISI S100, were assessed for their suitability to high strength steel unlipped channel sections. The codified design methods provide inaccurate and scattered resistance predictions for high strength steel unlipped channel sections under end-one-flange loading. Thus, an improved AISI S100 design method and a novel slenderness-based design method were proposed, which can outperform the codified design methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents laboratory tests, numerical simulations and web crippling design of high strength steel unlipped channel sections under interior-two-flange loading. An experimental programme comprising 10 test specimens (with six for grade S690 high strength steel and four for grade S960 high strength steel) was firstly implemented, and test results including failure modes, full load-deformation curves and ultimate loads were reported. Subsequently, finite element models were constructed and validated against the obtained test results, and then used to conduct supplementary parametric studies to widen the examined parameter ranges of high strength steel unlipped channel sections. Considering that relevant codified design rules are absent, the applicability of the design rules of EN 1993–1-3, EN 1993–1-5 and AISI S100 for normal strength steel unlipped channel sections to their high strength steel counterparts was evaluated against the obtained test and numerical results. It is shown that the resistance predictions from the codified design provisions were generally inaccurate and scattered. Hence, a modified AISI S100 design method and a slenderness-based design method were proposed and demonstrated to be accurate, consistent and reliable for the web crippling design of high strength steel unlipped channel sections under interior-two-flange loading. • Web crippling of high strength steel unlipped channel sections under ITF loading is studied. • A total of 10 web crippling tests and 150 finite element simulations are carried out. • The codified European and American design methods are found to be inaccurate. • An improved AISI S100 design method and a slenderness-based design method are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web Navigation Prediction is a popular area of research as users on the web are continuously growing. Capturing users' behavior provides insights about the user demands, accessibility patterns, and inconsistencies in the website design. Several navigation models have been developed in the past. Most of the models rely upon fixed threshold mechanism for prediction, which is inadequate as they require multiple computational steps which not necessarily give the best possible value. To combat this issue, we propose two models based on dynamic thresholds: All-Kth Modified Markov Model based on Geometric threshold (KMMM G) and (b) All-Kth Modified Markov Model based on Branching Factor Threshold (KMMM BF). Our experiments show that longer navigations are rare and are highly co-related. However, smaller navigations are more and are less co-related. Dynamic threshold models produce more optimum predictions as compare to fixed threshold models. KMMM B F performs the best and achieves the highest prediction accuracy, 78.53%, 91.32%, and 61.37% on CTI, MSWEB, and BMS dataset, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A wealth of online anxiety information exists but much of it is not evidence-based or well-balanced. This study evaluated anxiety websites (N = 20) on readability, quality, usability, visual design, and content.Results: Overall, websites were of reasonable quality but only half were considered understandable according to the PEMAT usability scale (70% cutoff value). The average reading level across websites was 11.2 (SMOG), which is higher than NIH recommended grade 6-7 level. Websites had variable design features and a trending association suggested websites with better design come up earlier in search results. The number of topics covered varied across websites and most did not adequately cover all topics of interest. Most websites included information about psychological and self-help treatments, how treatment works, and what treatment entails. The Top 5 websites were: (1) Anxiety BC, (2) ADAA, (3) Mind, (4) Beyond Blue, and (5) Web MD.Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate existing anxiety information websites based on the dimensions described above and their relationship to Google search results.Practice Implications: This study highlights the importance of considering several dimensions in developing mental health resources and provides direction for strategies to improve existing websites and/or develop new resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loanable technology is an emerging specialized collection in academic libraries. An effective collection depends on several moving parts, including funding; space; a collection management strategy; and information systems, including web pages, to support access to the collection. The current study surveys websites from institutions carrying the Carnegie classification of "Doctoral University: Very High Research" to determine the existence and design variations of loanable technology websites. The paper notes tendencies and exceptions in the designs and develops a general design framework to guide future design decisions. The results offer design options and recommendations based on variations of affordances; the scope and variety of the items in collections; and the use of images, catalog records, and supporting documents. A structural analysis of design variations can thus enhance the coherence, completeness, and overall effectiveness of loanable technology websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by how important healthy diet can prevent people from experiencing serious diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer and others. The objective of the study is to describe the creating process of a project called Nutritious, a website platform that offers diet consulting services with nutritionists, healthy food catering, and purchasing fresh ingredients. In this process, the ergonomics and design principles, along with the use of System Usability Scale (SUS) were utilized to form a user-friendly website design. To obtain data as input for features and design criteria required by users, the questionnaires and interviews were conducted. The questionnaire collected information about the required features and design preferences filled by 100 respondents, while the second questionnaire applied to assess a designed website involved 50 respondents. Based on average percentage value the SUS of 83.12% the website design are in an excellent range category or rated as a user-friendly website. Further research the offered services to meet user expectations is suggested to conduct after the services run in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) and other intrasaccular flow disruptors show promise in treating intracranial aneurysms. We performed a bibliometric analysis to provide novel insights into the trends and trajectory of these devices. We systematically assessed bibliometric data such as citations, journals, study designs, open access status, and multi-institutional involvement for the top-cited articles on WEB and other disruptors. The top 100 cited studies on the WEB had citations from 7 to 144 (mean ± standard deviation 35.6 ± 29.5), while only 33 studies were published for other intrasaccular flow disruptors (4.24 ± 8.45). Of the other devices, the Contour has the most publications (n = 21). Retrospective reviews were the most common study design for both WEB and other intrasaccular devices. France published the most studies in the top 100 WEB papers (n = 35), while Germany led for other flow disruptors (n = 10). In all studies analyzed, no senior authors from Africa are present. The top 100 WEB publications had a higher mean citation count (35.6 vs. 4.24, P < 0.001), higher mean citations per year (5.24 vs. 1.03, P < 0.01), and a higher proportion of multi-institutional collaborations (44.0% vs. 12.1%, P < 0.01) than other intrasaccular flow disruptors. In conclusion, countries with the most publications on WEB are not necessarily the ones leading the way with newer intrasaccular devices, while study designs remain similar. There is a limited contribution to the literature outside of Europe and North America. Our findings identify notable collaborators and trends, providing a snapshot of the field and a roadmap for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li–O 2 batteries have attracted great attention because of their high theoretical energy density, which exceeds the highest possible value of currently used Li-ion batteries. The operation of Li–O 2 batteries include the formation and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 at the cathode, and cell degradation occurs because such discharge products accumulate on the pores and cause pore clogging. For reversible charge–discharge process, in this study, a biaxially multilayered high crystalline carbon nanotube (CNT) web was designed and fabricated by a modified direct spinning method, which was the first demonstration that realize the biaxially multilayered structure in one-step process. The high crystallinity of the CNT surface reduced its decomposition and the biaxial alignment of CNT enabled the web to be opened for O 2 gas and electrolytes without pore clogging. The pore size distribution verified that effective pores were better developed in the biaxially multilayered CNT web, which facilitated the flow of O 2 gas and electrolytes. The use of this specially designed CNT as a cathode improved the cyclability by 75% and dramatically reduced the overpotential. For the practical use of Li–O 2 batteries, a 3D folded cell with biaxially multilayered CNT web electrode is fabricated and demonstrated 30 cycles at 100 W h/kg cell cutoff. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce is currently described as the biggest revolution of the pandemic world. Despite the decline in the GDP of many countries around the world, the growth of the e-market is extremely high – about 20-40% depending on the industry. Revenue of e-commerce companies is growing faster than many other industries – even new technologies. E-commerce services are encountered by most consumers and businesses. All this makes it imperative that business skills apply to e-business as well. Universities and colleges are tasked with preparing students in the best possible way to take up meaningful work. They impart not only theoretical knowledge, but also combine it with practice. This compatibility makes graduates not only able to do something in practice, but also to use professional nomenclature. This is why teaching e-business becomes so important. One of the manifestations of this need it's the introduction of an innovative way of teaching this subject, which involves the design of websites and web applications (based on the CMS platform WordPress) by students of management and management and production engineering. This methodology was introduced in the winter semester 2019/2020 and continued in the following academic year. Based on the research conducted (using a survey technique) among 233 students of the UTP University of Science and Technology (UTP) in Bydgoszcz for two consecutive years (2019-2021), it can be assumed that such a method of teaching is needed, appreciated by students and the market, and worth continuing in future years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present day environment of cyber-attacks is a threat to even the most secure systems. With each passing day, the attackers are adapting new technologies to infiltrate systems and exploit even the minutest of the vulnerabilities. In such a scenario, it is imperative to design and develop web applications that are not only secure but sustainable as well. While security is the most defined feature of a web application, sustainability also must be prioritized because any web application will be more efficacious if it proffers both to the users. In this league, it is imperative to reckon in on mechanisms that can effectively evaluate the web applications' sustainable–security during the development process. To achieve the high level of sustainable-security in web applications, this contribution has used the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) for evaluating the efficacy of the overall sustainable-security and its characteristics. Furthermore, the study tests the Fuzzy AHP method on ten successive versions of an institutional web application to corroborate the efficiency of this approach. Despite the web application's sensitivity, this study has used various versions of three web applications of the university. Results have been conclusive and far more effective when compared to the existing processes for testing the sustainable–security of web applications. Besides saving upon the time and resource investments, the mechanism proposed in our study seeks to set a template which the web developers can adhere to for optimizing on the sustainable-security while developing the web applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the health website is an easily accessible source for patients to use when seeking health information, the quality of online health information has been a critical issue that concerns all stakeholders in healthcare. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between users' evaluation of the health website quality and their gaze behavior on the web pages. Eye tracking and a self-report questionnaire based on the HONcode principles were used to address the objective. We found that (1) the evaluations of authority, privacy, financial disclosure, and advertising policy are positively correlated with the fixation count and total fixation duration toward corresponding page components, while the evaluations of complementarity and attribution are negatively correlated with the fixation count and total fixation duration to corresponding page components; and (2) the fixation count and total fixation duration toward health information sources are negatively related to the evaluation of health website quality, while the fixation count and total fixation duration to site owner are positively related to the quality evaluation. Users' attention to page components is closely related to the evaluation of principles, and also has a certain impact on the overall quality evaluation of a health website. Based on the findings, our research may serve to improve the health website design and be a foundation to develop an automatic evaluation approach of the health website quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of applications requires proper management of content, interaction elements and space. In web systems flow of interactions is often based on attention catching components in a form of elements of navigation or advertising content. Distance from central part of interface is affecting user behavior, what can be overcome by scaling size of the objects within the interface according to Fitts's law. Here we examine the effects of flickering elements with different frequency, direction and distance from central elements of webpage on user attention and habituation reduction. The aim of the study was to examine how to overcome users' resistance to stimuli based on objects flickering with different frequencies located in different directions and distances. We wanted to check if the higher flicker frequency can compensate the larger distance and increase and user focus depending on whether the element is located nearest or farthest, similarly like objects sizes for Fitts's law. Results showed that flicker increases the attention to objects with higher distance but has no effect on nearest objects. I was possible to improve total time attracted by distance objects by twenty percent, however the higher performance was observed to nearest objects, no matter what frequency was used for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the content of 72 academic library Information Commons (IC) Web sites using content analysis, quantitative assessment and qualitative surveys of site administrators to analyze current implementation by the academic library community. Results show that IC Web sites vary widely in content, design and functionality, with few established standards. Recommendations for developing a consistent set of standards are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transaction logs of user activity on an academic library website were analyzed to determine general usage patterns on the website. This paper reports on insights gained from the analysis, and identifies and discusses issues relating to content access, interface design and general functionality of the website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web sites are increasingly used by academic libraries to promote key services and collections to teaching faculty. This study analyzes the content, location, language, and technological features of fifty-four academic library Web pages designed especially for faculty to expose patterns in the development of these pages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of Digital Twin (DT) technology has sparked interest in virtual replication of physical assets and processes. However, to fully capitalize on DT's potential, we need robust and scalable frontend solutions. This study proposes an innovative approach to overcome the limitations of traditional monolithic frontend frameworks by leveraging micro-frontend technologies. Our goal is to enable seamless connectivity between DTs and develop tailored presentation layers by decomposing complex systems into modular web-based DTs. Additionally, our framework tackles the challenges posed by multi-vendor elements within DTs and facilitates service and virtual environment orchestration for seamless integration and operation, enabling real-time data exchange between virtual models and physical machinery. Insights from its implementation across various applications, including training, monitoring, and control, shed light on its advantages and limitations. This research aims to revolutionize DT creation and management by introducing a scalable and adaptable framework designed to enable Web 3D for Industry and Manufacturing. By integrating cutting-edge micro-frontend technologies, our approach seeks to enhance maintainability, efficiency, and productivity. However, potential limitations such as code duplication and app payload concerns must be acknowledged. Future research will address these limitations to broaden applicability and improve performance. Overall, our proposed framework offers promising solutions to many challenges in industrial settings, paving the way for more efficient and effective DT deployment and management. [Display omitted] • Proposed a modular architecture for Digital Twins (DTs) using micro-frontends and micro-services to enhance scalability, flexibility, and maintainability. • Highlighted the benefits of transitioning from monolithic frameworks to modular architectures, reducing maintenance challenges and improving system adaptability. • Addressed potential downsides of micro-frontends, such as communication overhead and performance issues, emphasizing the need for careful planning and control. • Implemented and validated the architecture through three industrial use cases, demonstrating improvements in operator training, process monitoring, and immersive VR environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the seismic performance of staggered truss framing system under different failure modes, two trusses were designed according to the capacity design method. Then, two models with a scale of 1/2.5 were made and subjected to quasi-static tests. The hysteresis curve, stiffness, energy dissipation, and ductility coefficient of the two models were analyzed. The test results show that the specimen designed for chord failure has better seismic performance than that designed for diagonal web failure. The ultimate drift ratios of the two specimens are both less than 1.5%, indicating that the deformation ability of the staggered truss is insufficient. By analyzing the relationship between the plastic hinge rotation and the drift ratio of the truss, it is suggested that the limit value of the drift ratio of the staggered truss framing system should not exceed 1.5%. The yield-bearing capacity calculated by considering the composite effect of the chord and floor slab is closer to the test results than that calculated without considering the composite effect, indicating that the composite effect of the chord and floor slab should be considered when designing the trusses. Through the numerical analysis, it is recommended to take a minimum amplification factor of 1.3 for the internal force of web members to realize the purpose of chord failure. • Quasi-static tests were conducted on two staggered truss specimens with different failure modes. • The failure mode of "strong web members and weak chords" can be realized by adjusting the internal force of web members. • The seismic performance of the staggered truss with chord failure mode is better than that with diagonal member failure mode. • When designing a staggered truss framing system, the composite effect of the chord and floor slab cannot be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel type of bolted steel girders with trapezoidal corrugated webs (BSG-TCW) was introduced in this paper, and the shear behaviour of such girders was thoroughly investigated by experimental study, numerical simulation, and analytical analysis. A total of six bolted steel girders with trapezoidal corrugated webs were designed and fabricated, and were tested subject to three-point bending afterwards. It was revealed that all the girder specimens experienced shear buckling failure. The obtained experimental results, including the ultimate shear resistances, the shear strain distribution characteristics of the web, and the critical local buckling loads of BSG-TCW were reported and discussed herein. Elaborate finite element (FE) models capable of accurately simulating the shear behaviour of BSG-TCW were developed by ABAQUS, and were further validated against the experimental results. Upon validation of the numerical models, the influences of key parameters including the web depth, web panel thickness, corrugation profile were separately evaluated, and different boundary conditions of web panels corresponding to either bolting or welding were analysed in detail. Moreover, based on the summarised test data and the 76 generated FE results, the accuracy and applicability of existing calculation methods for the shear resistance of welded steel girders with trapezoidal corrugated webs were assessed, and newly modified formulae taking into account the shear contribution of the T-flanges were proposed for predicting the elastic shear buckling strength and the shear resistance of BSG-TCW. • A novel type of bolted steel girders with trapezoidal corrugated webs is presented. • Shear tests were performed on six girder specimens fabricated by high strength bolts. • Critical local buckling and ultimate shear performance of girder specimens were obtained. • FE models of girders were validated against shear tests and parametric studies were conducted. • Newly revised design formulae for critical shear buckling stress and shear resistance were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Web crippling analysis and design of channel sections were presented. • Parametric studies were performed on sections having different stiffened flanges. • FE strengths, load-displacement relationships and failure modes were predicted. • A reliability analysis was performed. • NAS, AS//NZS, EC and previously published design rules were assessed. Web crippling analysis and design of cold-formed high strength steel channel sections having different stiffened flanges are presented in this paper. 3D finite element models were developed for the analysis of sections with unstiffened flanges, stiffened flanges with simple lips, stiffened flanges with inward return lips and outward return lips loaded under End-Two-Flange (ETF) and Interior-Two-Flange (ITF) loading conditions. The models were verified against tests recently reported by the authors on cold-formed high strength channel sections having different stiffened flanges. The web crippling strengths, load-displacement relationships and failure modes were predicted numerically and compared well against that measured experimentally. Extensive parametric studies were performed using the validated models on 280 channel sections having different web slenderness, ratios of bearing length to web thickness, cross-section geometries and shapes of flange lips. The web crippling numerical strengths were compared with the web crippling design strengths specified in North American Specification, Australian/New Zealand Standards and Eurocode as well as with other proposed design equations in the literature. In addition, a reliability analysis was performed to assess the reliability of the design rules. It is found that the design strengths were either unconservative or conservative, and generally unreliable for the cold-formed channels with unstiffened and stiffened flanges investigated. Therefore, a modification for the North American Specification design equation was proposed. The modified proposed design equation provided more accurate and reliable web crippling strengths compared with specified and available in the literature web crippling design strength predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental investigation on web crippling behaviour of cold-formed stainless steel square and rectangular hollow sections (SHS and RHS) at elevated temperatures. A total of 21 web crippling tests were conducted under the Interior Two-Flange (ITF) loading condition as codified in ASCE/SEI 8–22 Specification at various temperatures up to 800 °C. Tensile flat and corner coupon tests were conducted to obtain the material properties of the cold-formed stainless steel SHS and RHS at various temperatures corresponding to those pre-set in the web crippling tests. Details of the test specimens, setups and procedures are comprehensively documented in this paper. Furthermore, the specimen temperatures together with the test results, including failure modes, web crippling strengths and load-deformation curves are fully reported. The obtained test results were used to evaluate the suitability of codified web crippling design provision as per ASCE/SEI 8–22, where reduced material properties were used in calculating the web crippling strengths at elevated temperatures. In addition, the test results were also compared with the predictions obtained from existing design rules in literatures for cold-formed stainless steel SHS and RHS at elevated temperatures. Moreover, reliability analyses were conducted to assess the reliability levels of these design provisions. It is demonstrated that the available web crippling design provisions can provide generally conservative and reliable strength predictions, and therefore are deemed suitable for predicting the web crippling strengths of cold-formed stainless steel SHS and RHS at elevated temperatures. • This investigation serves as the first test programme to study web crippling behaviour of CFSS sections at elevated temperatures. • Flat and corner coupon tests were conducted to obtain material properties at various temperatures. • A total of 21 web crippling tests were conducted under ITF loading condition with temperatures up to 800°C. • Test results are reported and existing web crippling design provisions are also assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Integrating the suggestions made in the telework and intrinsic motivation related literature, a heuristic design toolset is developed for digital conference apps, filling the gap of heuristics in the field of digital conference. • The heuristic design toolset for digital conference apps to provide a reference for pre-design development and post-optimization of digital conference. Web conferencing software can help workers work remotely and provide them with greater flexibility and autonomy. However, existing web conferencing software faces certain technical, functional, and design-related limitations. These problems lead to a less than ideal user experience and consequently result in a lack of intrinsic motivation on the part of the user. To improve this situation, we conducted a System Literature Review (SLR) to integrate and summarize the principles proposed in the literature and ultimately developed a heuristic design toolkit for web conferencing software based on self-determination theory. This toolkit contains a total of 15 principles corresponding to autonomy, competence and relatedness. Through heuristic and expert evaluations, we verified that the toolkit is effective in identifying problems. Therefore, the results of this research can help designers to develop web conferencing software and evaluate its usability in order to address the usability issues of the software and to satisfy the basic psychological needs of the users, thus enhancing users intrinsic motivation to use the web conferencing software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the inheritance and promotion of movie culture, this paper designs a web system with B/S architecture. With the separation of Model Layer, View Layer and Controller Layer, the system has three modules, including topic area, recording area and recommendation area. The web development and research implement the communication and construction of movie community culture, which is of great significance for the understanding of the development tendency of social network. The users' data of the system is helpful for the exploration of their network behaviors and personality characteristics, which can expand their spiritual world and reduce the pressure of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of reduced web section (RWS) connections is becoming more often, while the research is focusing on both areas: (a) the performance of beams with large web opening areas near the supports, and (b) the seismic behaviours of steel beam-to-column connections of different types when subjected to cyclic loads. The beam web opening is used as a mechanism to counterbalance the low inelastic capacity of the welds and to shift the stresses from the welding and shear panel zones to the weak beam section in line with the concept of "weak beam-strong column" often employed for the seismic-resistant design of Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs). However, limited data yet exists on the design and seismic behaviour of such connections and those are only for UKB and UKC section profiles. This paper presents an extensive FE study of the seismic performance of fully welded RWS moment connections to deep columns. The effect of using different beam spans is also investigated together with the effect of web opening size and position (web opening at different shear-moment interactions). European HE and IPE profiles are employed for this study in an effort to introduce RWS connections in Eurocode 8, and understand potential variations in design when using European sections as previously reported in RBS connections. Finally, a step-by-step design procedure is presented based on AISC 358 (AISC 358 [3]). • FE study of the seismic performance of fully welded RWS moment connections to deep columns. • Introduction of web openings can increase the ductility of the connections. • European HE and IPE profiles for RWS connections towards Eurocode 8. • Various beam spans together with the different web opening size and position. • A proposed design procedure is presented based on AISC 358 (AISC 358 [ 2 ]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-Government websites stand to allow an easier approach for citizens to access government information and services. However, in the application, many Indonesian do not access E-Government website, and the main reason is due to the unattractive design. It is imperative to match the website design with the user's physical and cognitive skills limitations, to increase the website effectiveness. This study aims to conduct experiments by examining citizens physical and cognitive capability constraint in 15 website designs of City and Regency Governments in Indonesia. Physical aspects were tested using Eye Tribe Tracker and Neurosky Mindwave was mobilized to investigate cognitive aspects and both aspects were assessed towards total 48 respondents The research data was being examined employing One Way ANOVA analysis to obtain a website with the highest average value. This study contributes to provide website design recommendations that include layouts, background colors, and typography for City and Regency Governments in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold-formed steel sections are used in many different shapes based on their applications. Recently, a new C-section known as SupaCee was introduced in Australia with higher flexural capacities compared to traditional channel sections. However, all cold-formed steel sections are vulnerable to web crippling failures due to their higher plate slenderness. Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS 4600) and North American (AISI S100) Standards use a unified web crippling design equation with four coefficients while Eurocode 3 Part 1.3 uses different design equations to predict the web crippling capacities of cold-formed steel sections. The web crippling coefficients were developed based on the experimental studies undertaken since the 1940s. These experimental studies utilised different test set-ups and specimens lengths and hence the accuracy of predictions using these coefficients may be inadequate. No coefficients are available for unlipped channel sections with fastened supports and high strength SupaCee sections while the same coefficients are used for lipped channels with fastened and unfastened supports. To address these shortcomings, the web crippling behaviour of unlipped and lipped channel and SupaCee sections was experimentally investigated based on recently developed AISI S909 web crippling test guidelines. Finite element analyses were then performed to extend the range of cold-formed steel sections. Using the web crippling capacity results from both experiments and finite element analyses, new equations were proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of lipped and unlipped channel and SupaCee sections. Suitable direct strength method based web crippling design equations were also developed. This paper presents the important details of several detailed web crippling studies undertaken recently including a suite of web crippling design equations that can be adopted in relevant cold-formed steel standards. • Investigated web crippling behaviour of several cold-formed steel sections. • Developed advanced finite element models, validated and used in detailed parametric studies. • Proposed improved web crippling coefficients for AS/NZS4600/AISI S100 equations. • Developed predictive equations for the buckling loads for DSM based design. • Developed DSM equations for the web crippling design of cold-formed steel sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building floor systems are made from steel girders connected to a concrete slab or a composite slab with ribbed decking. In office buildings with large free span areas, different technical and economic constraints lead to a substantial reduction of the floors thickness, by providing openings in the webs of beams designed to allow the passage of pipes and ducts. The web openings may have a significant effect on the deflection of beams subjected to transverse loading and in many cases, be the paramount parameter in their design. In this paper, an analytical model previously developed for the evaluation of total deflection of composite symmetric cellular beams has been improved, through a better consideration of the flexural stiffness of the beam webs under vertical shear forces. The analytical results presented are compared against other existing proposals in the literature then verified against the numerical solutions obtained using the Cast3m software. The analytical models developed herein are used to predict the total deflection of composite symmetric cellular beam with various geometrical and loading characteristics, subjected to transversely applied loading. • The proposed approach can be very easily applied • The analytical solution is based on the same basic principles of a Vierendeel type beam • The analytical model gives the additional deflection starting from the effect of vertical shearing at the opening • The contribution of the additional deflection is more significant especially in case of beams with short lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a finite element analysis based study of web crippling failures in cold-formed steel unlipped channel sections with their flanges fastened to supports under one-flange load cases (EOF and IOF). Currently no design equations are available in the current cold-formed steel specifications to determine the web crippling capacities of unlipped channel sections with restrained flanges under one flange load cases. Hence the web crippling behaviour of unlipped channel sections was first investigated experimentally using 28 tests and suitable coefficients were proposed for the current web crippling design equation. However, the applicability of the proposed coefficients was limited to the tested channel sections. In this study advanced finite element models were developed in ABAQUS/CAE and validated in terms of ultimate failure loads, load versus deflection curves and failure modes. The developed models were analysed using nonlinear static and quasi-static analysis based on implicit and explicit integration schemes. This study addressed the effects of mesh size, element type, mechanical property model and inertia of support and loading plates. Also, the effects of two enhancement techniques of explicit analysis such as mass scaling and artificial loading rates with different thicknesses were investigated and the results are presented. A detailed parametric study was then conducted using the validated finite element models. New and improved design equations were proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of unipped channel sections using the results from both finite element analysis based parametric study and experiments. • Investigated web crippling behaviour of unlipped channel sections fastened to supports. • Finite element models with contacts were developed and validated using test results. • Web crippling coefficients are not available for unlipped channels fastened to supports. • Proposed improved web crippling coefficients for AS/NZS4600/AISI S100 equations. • Proposed improved web crippling equations based on numerical and experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of digital transformation is a period in which entities, universities, public and employees are transformed and; new business models and business practices are formed. Digital transformation is a functional use of web in design, manufacturing, marketing, selling, promotion and is data-oriented management model. Therefore, capabilities of firms are increased and their processes are improved. Digital technologies are developments regarding smartphones, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, robotics systems, internet of things, 3D printing, virtualization, cyber security, sensor technologies, advanced robotics systems, automation and etc. which all is intensely used in many fields of economic and social life.SME's consist of 99,83 % total enterprises, and 72,7 % of total employment, 50,6 % of total value added and provide 55,1 % of export, take an important role in economy. They should transform their organizational structures and business making cultures starting from manufacturing technologies to management percepts as to get a productive digital transformation process. The fact that SME's being able to perform cost-benefit analysis of digital technologies and being aware of that technologies is significant.This paper provides a comprehensive view of the factors affecting digital transformation process and describes the digital transformation of the manufacturing sector in Turkey.The programs and softwares that SMEs can use to perform digital transformation, and can benefit from it, are explained. Empirical studies on SMEs shows that SMEs have erratic behaviors in terms of information and communications technology (ICT) investment and need external support to integrate digital transformations in the overall strategy of the firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • This research introduces a solution for opening and closing any door remotely without using a key through the internet. • All the presented system functions are designed using use-case diagram. • The proposed system is implemented using Arduino board with Wi-Fi and web pages designed by php language. • The introduced system is simple and any one can use easily. • A proto-type of the proposed system is created and this is clear in the attached video. Abstract Controlling door access is an important aspect regarding real-life problems. The problem arises when there is a difficulty to access a certain facility, especially when keys are not available. This is paper proposes a keyless Entry System that focus on using Arduino circuit board together with a Wi-Fi module and php language in order to grant access to a locked door. The main goal of this work is to combine both software and hardware to solve real-life problems like the one this paper focusing on. The second goal is to explore which services can be obtained when such systems applied on the ground. Finally, to gain knowledge regarding basic Electrical Engineering concepts with respect to circuit boards and hardware implementation. A prototype of the suggested system and a web site were created for system user to have a control over his room door to lock or unlock it remontely. The created prototype of the proposed system shows that the introduced one will be helpful for those who are concerned with such problems will make life much easier by applying it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• To overcome the time-consuming nature and improve the cost-effectiveness of classical web development, being automatic is the most convenient alternative recent researchers suggest. • In this paper, a novel approach is presented that automates the website generation process by incorporating web designer best practices and driving new prototype websites without the significant effort of redesigning websites. • It takes high-fidelity mock-up design artifacts such as screen captures of real-world websites, and generates functional websites similar to the input websites, which involves three steps: GUI element detection, classification, and code generation. • First, image processing techniques are applied to detect atomic web GUI elements from a mock-up design artifact of a real-world website. • Second, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to classify the extracted web GUI elements into their domain-specific types such as headings, paragraphs, images, etc. • A recursive algorithm is proposed that constructs the appropriate document object model (DOM) hierarchy for a website by recursively grouping classified web GUI elements within each other. • Finally, the constructed DOM is converted to the accurate native code. • The approach was implemented as a tool called webdraw. • Design science research evaluation shows that webdraw achieves an average of 90 % web GUI element classification and generates website prototypes that are visually similar to the target website design mock-up artifact while producing functional GUI code. • Furthermore, interviews with industry professionals illustrate webdraw 's industry relevance for improving their industrial web design and development workflows. To overcome the time-consuming nature and improve the cost-effectiveness of classical web development, being automatic is the most convenient alternative recent researchers suggest. Over the years, researchers have been working on inventing new approaches to generating websites automatically. In this paper, a novel approach is presented that automates the website generation process by incorporating web designer best practices and driving new prototype websites without the significant effort of redesigning websites. It takes high-fidelity mock-up design artifacts such as screen captures of real-world websites, and generates functional websites similar to the input websites, which involves three steps: GUI element detection, classification, and code generation. First, image processing techniques are applied to detect atomic web GUI elements from a mock-up design artifact of a real-world website. Second, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is trained to classify the extracted web GUI elements into their domain-specific types such as headings, paragraphs, images, etc. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is typically represented in code as a hierarchical tree, with nested GUI elements bundled together within one another to construct a tree. A recursive algorithm is proposed that constructs the appropriate Document Object Model (DOM) hierarchy for a website by recursively grouping classified web GUI elements within each other. Finally, the constructed DOM is converted to the accurate native code. The approach was implemented as a tool called WebDraw. Design science research evaluation shows that WebDraw achieves an average of 90% web GUI element classification and generates website prototypes that are visually similar to the target website design mock-up artifact while producing functional GUI code. Furthermore, interviews with industry professionals illustrate WebDraw 's industry relevance for improving their industrial web design and development workflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of Web Augmentation lies in the fact that all users need to adapt the content, style, or behavior of the web pages they visit. This is because every human being has different desires and needs, yet everyone accesses web pages designed for the general public, which cannot satisfy everyone. Web Augmentation tools have diverse objectives, such as modifying content, style, or behavior. Similarly, some tools are designed to adapt web pages for mobile devices, while others target computers. This mapping study aims to provide insights into recent trends in Web Augmentation for each of its features. By analyzing the data provided, valuable information can be extracted to inform the development of new mechanisms for creating Web Augmentation tools in the future. • A systematic mapping study is carried out in the field of Web Augmentation. • Forty-three papers are finally selected for data extraction and analysis. • Seven Web Augmentation characteristics have been extracted and analyzed. • Web Augmentation features have evolved since the beginning of the study until nowadays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are considering the possibility of using eye tracking technology in the context of information security. We expect that this novel technique will have a very effective impact in this field. Eye tracking technology is widely used to investigate user behavior when working with a computer. This technology allows to obtain analysis in the form fixation point (location of a user's eye gaze), scan-path (gaze trajectory), heat maps (areas of interest), salient picture components. Eye tracking research has been widely used to improve the design and usability of web pages, as well as to explore an understanding how users are guided by them. Moreover, this technology is widely used in the protection of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the influence diagram (ID) depicting a Bayesian game is common knowledge to its players then additional assumptions may allow the players to make use of its embodied irrelevance statements. They can then use these to discover a simpler game which still embodies both their optimal decision policies. However the impact of this result has been rather limited because many common Bayesian games do not exhibit sufficient symmetry to be fully and efficiently represented by an ID. The tree-based chain event graph (CEG) has been developed specifically for such asymmetric problems. By using these graphs rational players can make analogous deductions, assuming the topology of the CEG as common knowledge. In this paper we describe these powerful new techniques and illustrate them through an example modelling a game played between a government department and the provider of a website designed to radicalise vulnerable people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]