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First described in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, planar cell polarity (PCP) is a developmental process essential for embryogenesis and development of polarized structures in Metazoans. This signaling pathway involves a set of evolutionarily conserved genes encoding transmembrane (Vangl, Frizzled, Celsr) and cytoplasmic (Prickle, Dishevelled) molecules. Vangl2 is of major importance in embryonic development as illustrated by its pivotal role during neural tube closure in human, mouse, Xenopus, and zebrafish embryos. Here, we report on the molecular and functional characterization of a Vangl2 isoform, Vangl2-Long, containing an N-terminal extension of about 50 aa, which arises from an alternative nearcognate AUA translation initiation site, lying upstream of the conventional start codon. While missing in Vangl1 paralogs and in all invertebrates, including Drosophila, this N-terminal extension is conserved in all vertebrate Vangl2 sequences. We show that Vangl2-Long belongs to a multimeric complex with Vangl1 and Vangl2. Using morpholino oligonucleotides to specifically knockdown Vangl2-Long in Xenopus, we found that this isoform is functional and required for embryo extension and neural tube closure. Furthermore, both Vangl2 and Vangl2-Long must be correctly expressed for the polarized distribution of the PCP molecules Pk2 and Dvl1 and for centriole rotational polarity in ciliated epidermal cells. Altogether, our study suggests that Vangl2-Long significantly contributes to the pool of Vangl2 molecules present at the plasma membrane to maintain PCP in vertebrate tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal inclusion cyst is a rare benign condition with low potential for malignant transformation but high recurrence rates. Debulking surgery is the recommended first line management for these patients, however, recurrence rates are up to 50 % (Padmanabhan et al., 2020; Chapel and Husain, 2021). A 26-year-old male being worked up for non-specific abdominal pain with cross-sectional imaging showing multiple multicystic lesions in the abdomen and pelvis. There was a pre-operative suspicion of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and decision was made for diagnostic laparoscopy and biopsy. Mucin and an abnormal small bowel mesentery was found intraoperatively and sampled leading to the diagnosis of peritoneal inclusion cyst. Treatment of peritoneal inclusion cyst range from surveillance to aggressive treatment with complete cytoreductive surgery with involved field peritonectomy and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy. First line management of peritoneal inclusion cysts is for debulking surgery. Arguments for less invasive and more aggressive management has been proposed, however, further data needs to be collected to determine gold standard of treatment. • Peritoneal inclusion cysts previously known as multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma • Benign pathology but has a high risk of recurrence • Most commonly affects women over men • Current mainstay treatment is debulking surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal satisfaction with the birth experience is multidimensional and influenced by many factors, including mode of delivery. To date, few studies have investigated maternal satisfaction outside of the immediate postpartum period.Objective: This study investigated whether differences in satisfaction based on mode of delivery are observed more than a decade after delivery.Study Design: This was a planned, supplementary analysis of data collected for the Mothers' Outcomes after Delivery study, a longitudinal cohort study of pelvic floor disorders in parous women and their association with mode of delivery. Obstetric and demographic data were obtained through patient surveys and obstetrical chart review. Maternal satisfaction with childbirth experience was assessed via the Salmon questionnaire, administered to Mothers' Outcomes after Delivery study participants >10 years from their first delivery. This validated questionnaire yields 3 scores: fulfillment, distress, and difficulty. These 3 scores were compared by mode of delivery (cesarean prior to labor, cesarean during labor, spontaneous vaginal delivery, and operative vaginal delivery). In addition, the impact of race, age, education level, parity, episiotomy, labor induction, and duration of second stage of labor on maternal satisfaction were examined.Results: Among 576 women, 10.1-17.5 years from delivery, significant differences in satisfaction scores were noted by delivery mode. Salmon scale scores differed between women delivering by cesarean and those delivering vaginally: women delivering vaginally reported greater fulfillment (0.40 [-0.37 to 0.92] vs 0.15 [-0.88 to 0.66], P < .001) and less distress (-0.34 [-0.88 to 0.38] vs 0.20 [-0.70 to 0.93], P < .001) than those who delivered by cesarean. Women who delivered by cesarean prior to labor reported the greatest median fulfillment scores and the lowest median difficulty scores. Median distress scores were lowest among those who delivered by spontaneous vaginal birth. Among women who underwent cesarean delivery, labor induction and prolonged second stage were associated with higher difficulty scores. These factors did not affect satisfaction scores among women who delivered vaginally. Among women who delivered vaginally, operative vaginal delivery was associated with less favorable scores across all 3 scores.Conclusion: Maternal satisfaction with childbirth is influenced by mode of delivery. The birth experience leaves an impression on women more than a decade after delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]