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To investigate the biological effects of arctigenin on B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and to explore its mechanism. B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro were treated with the blank control solution and arctigenin solution of different concentrations, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using the CCK-8 assay and cell loss assay, and the effect of arctigenin on melanoma cell proliferation was evaluated. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of BCL-2 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cells of different groups and to explore the mechanism of action of arctigenin. The proliferation rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P <.05), and the proliferation rate decreased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The apoptosis rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P <.05), and the apoptosis rate increased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The expression levels of BCL-2 and VEGF in B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions were significantly lower than those in the blank control group (P <.05), and the expression levels decreased as the concentration of arctigenin increased. Arctigenin can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of melanoma cells, and the mechanism may be associated with decreasing the expression of BCL-2 and VEGF in melanoma cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The model of lead molecule TeA binding to the QB site in Arabidopsis D1 protein was constructed. • A series of new derivatives were designed and docked to the Q B site of by molecular simulations. • Derivatives D6, D13 and D27 with better affinities than TeA were screened out and synthesized. • D6 and D13 are promising compounds to develop new PSII herbicides with superior performance. • Model-based ligand design is a valuable tool to find new PSII inhibitors based on lead molecule TeA. Computer-aided design has become an important tool to develop novel pesticides based on natural lead compounds. Tenuazonic acid (TeA), a typical representative of the natural tetramic acid family, was patented as a potential bioherbicide. However, its herbicidal efficacy is still not up to the ideal standard of commercial products. We aim to find new TeA's derivatives with improved potency. Molecular docking was used to build ligand-acceptor interaction models, design and screen new derivatives. Phytotoxicity, oxygen evolution rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and herbicidal efficacy were determined to estimate biological activity of compounds. With the aid of a constructed molecular model of natural lead molecule TeA binding to the Q B site in Arabidopsis D1 protein, a series of derivatives differing in the alkyl side chain were designed and ranked according to free energies. All compounds are stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions between their carbonyl oxygen O2 and D1-Gly256 residue; moreover, hydrogen bond distance is the most important factor for maintaining high binding affinity. Among 54 newly designed derivatives, D6, D13 and D27 with better affinities than TeA were screened out and synthesized to evaluate their photosynthetic inhibitory activity and herbicidal efficacy. Analysis of structure-activity relationship indicated that D6 and D13 with sec -pentyl and sec -hexyl side chains, respectively, were about twice more inhibitory of PSII activity and effective as herbicide than TeA with a sec -butyl side chain. D6 and D13 are promising compounds to develop TeA-derived novel PSII herbicides with superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a novel type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterised by intracellular iron overload, increased lipid peroxidation and abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species.It has been implicated in the progression of several diseases including cancer, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases and liver disease. The etiology of endometriosis (EMS) is still unclear and is associated with multiple factors, often accompanied by various forms of cell death and a complex microenvironment. In recent decades, the role of non-traditional forms of cell death, represented by ferroptosis, in endometriosis has come to the attention of researchers. This article reviews the transitional role of iron homeostasis in the development of ferroptosis, the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, and focuses on summarising the links between iron death and various pathogenic mechanisms of EMS, including oxidative stress, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation, autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The possible applications of ferroptosis in the treatment of EMS, future research directions and current issues are discussed with the aim of providing new ideas for further understanding of EMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The work proposes an optimization algorithm combining grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to compute the hyperparameters of support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to improve the classification accuracy of SVM classifiers. • This paper proposes a boundary data extraction method combining classification and regression algorithms for the classification boundary of adaptive sampling methods. • Combining the above two methods this paper proposes an optimized adaptive sampling method and establishes a calculation process to achieve the improvement of the calculation accuracy of the adaptive sampling method. The risk-informed safety margin characterization (RISMC) method utilizes a probabilistic safety margin (PSM) comparison between a load and capacity distribution, rather than a deterministic comparison between two values. The RISMC method can be effective in exploiting the potential safety margins and improving the economics of nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, the high computational cost of the coupling calculation involved in RISMC significantly limits its application. This paper presents an optimized adaptive sampling (OAS) method to efficiently calculate the PSM of NPP accidents. The OAS method uses the support vector machine (SVM) method to predict the limit surface and grey wolf optimization combined with particle swarm optimization to tune the SVM hyperparameters. Additionally, OAS uses the Gaussian regression algorithm to modify the limit surface. The OAS method was firstly tested on three synthetic test functions and then generalized to station blackout (SBO) accidents of China Pressurized Reactor (CPR1000). The SBO results showed that the OAS method reduces the relative error between calculated and true values to about 1 % and improves the calculation efficiency by 5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other types of cell death, is a novel iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and redox imbalance with distinct morphological, biochemical, and genetic features. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, the disruption of antioxidative stress pathways and lipid peroxidation are crucial in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and heart failure. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases will enhance the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This review discusses the latest findings on the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its regulation in cardiovascular diseases, the application of ferroptosis modulators in cardiovascular diseases, and the role of traditional Chinese medicines in ferroptosis regulation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and identify new prevention and treatment options. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic Suspended Passive Shutdown Subassembly (HS-PSS) is a passive nuclear safety technology employed in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors (SFR). During Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR) operation, this component is often subjected to stress cycles caused by flow-induced vibration (FIV), which may lead to material failure and potentially threaten the reactor's safety. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and evaluate the FIV behavior of the HS-PSS in fast reactors. Different from the conventional used before, HS-PSS is a new type of control rod assembly with no existing studies on FIV. In this study, we established a full-scale experiment for FIV of the HS-PSS in different flow conditions and with various movable component positions (600 mm, 800 mm, 1200 mm). Modal experiments were conducted to determine the natural frequencies. FIV test results show that the highest amplitude occurs when the movable component is 800 mm, with a noticeable acceleration response near the first natural frequency. To explain the experimental observations, numerical simulations have been conducted to analyze the HS-PSS flow field characteristics. The simulations have considered different positions of the movable component at a fixed flow rate of 16.281 m3/h and different flow rates with the movable component positioned at 800 mm. The results indicate significant changes in the flow distribution within the HS-PSS and the hydraulic forces applied to the inlet surface of the movable component when the movable component is set at 800 mm. The experimental and numerical analysis results of this study have provided valuable insights for analyzing and assessing the FIV behavior of the HS-PSS in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors. • A test bench was constructed to study the flow-induced vibration of a Hydraulic Suspended Passive Shutdown Subassembly. • Experiments have discovered the location of special movable parts that respond significantly to vibrations. • The flow field simulation results are consistent with the experimental phenomena, explaining the cause of the vibration response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 210–205 Ma Habake pluton was formed in a continental collision setting. • The final closure of the Paleo-Tethys in the West Kunlun orogenic belt occurred after 209 Ma. • The parent rocks of rare metal-mineralized pegmatites are all S-type granites and contain >150 ppm Li. Recent discoveries of rare metal pegmatite deposits in the West Kunlun region are believed to be related to Triassic granites. However, the tectonic background of the mineralization in this region is currently unclear. Additionally, the mineralization potential of the granite must be determined to assess whether further exploration is warranted. This paper reports whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, and zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions for the Habake granitic pluton. The zircon U–Pb dating revealed that these rocks formed in the Late Triassic (210–205 Ma). The two-mica granites are strongly peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series rocks, with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.71294 ∼ 0.71428, εNd(t) values of −7.79 ∼ -8.15, and εHf(t) values of −1.77 ∼ −32.22; these values are similar to those of Triassic BaryanHar Group graywacke rocks. The other granites are weakly peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series rocks, with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70820 ∼ 0.70823 and 0.70942 ∼ 0.71041, εNd(t) of −3.81 ∼ -4.11 and −5.33 ∼ -5.40, and εHf(t) of −0.90 to +7.02 and −1.39 to −7.68, indicating that the granodiorite and biotite granite were respectively derived from partial melting of the juvenile crust and older lower crust in continental collision stage. Our new data show that the end of the continental collision between the South Kunlun Terrane (SKT) and Tianshuihai terrane (TST) likely occurred after 209 Ma. After analysis of the ore-forming parent rocks of the rare metal pegmatites, the graywacke-derived Habake two-mica granites, has lower Li contents that too low(<150 ppm), indicating that they did not form the rare metal pegmatites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been employed in a wide range of applications, e.g. self-driving cars, where safety and lives are at stake. Recently, the robustness of skeleton-based HAR methods have been questioned due to their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. However, the proposed attacks require the full-knowledge of the attacked classifier, which is overly restrictive. In this paper, we show such threats indeed exist, even when the attacker only has access to the input/output of the model. To this end, we propose the very first black-box adversarial attack approach in skeleton-based HAR called BASAR. BASAR explores the interplay between the classification boundary and the natural motion manifold. To our best knowledge, this is the first time data manifold is introduced in adversarial attacks on time series. Via BASAR, we find on-manifold adversarial samples are extremely deceitful and rather common in skeletal motions, in contrast to the common belief that adversarial samples only exist off-manifold. Through exhaustive evaluation, we show that BASAR can deliver successful attacks across classifiers, datasets, and attack modes. By attack, BASAR helps identify the potential causes of the model vulnerability and provides insights on possible improvements. Finally, to mitigate the newly identified threat, we propose a new adversarial training approach by leveraging the sophisticated distributions of on/off-manifold adversarial samples, called mixed manifold-based adversarial training (MMAT). MMAT can successfully help defend against adversarial attacks without compromising classification accuracy. • We propose the first black-box attack in skeleton-based action recognition. The results show that on-manifold adversarial samples in skeletal motion are truly dangerous because they are not easily identifiable under even strict perceptual studies. • A new adversarial defense for skeleton-based action recognition is proposed, by leveraging the sophisticated distributions of on/off-manifold adversarial samples in adversarial training. • A new perceptual study protocol for evaluating motion attack quality is proposed, addressing that there is currently no metrics suitable for evaluating motion attack quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A wasserstein generative adversal network with ladder punishment is proposed to deal with multiple uncertainties of scenery. The maximum fluctuation range of generated scenery output is more than 90 % consistent with the maximum fluctuation range of actual output, which can well reflect the volatility of scenery output. At the same time, the improved ISODATA (Iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm, ISODATA) algorithm is combined to reduce the scene. The effect of scene reduction is improved by 74.1 % compared with the traditional method, and the representativeness of typical scenes is higher. • In the aspect of safety, the risk of voltage exceeding the limit, branch power exceeding the limit and system load loss are proposed. In the aspect of economy, the risk of line loss and operating profit and loss of the system are considered. At the same time, an improved subjective and objective combination weighting method is proposed. The calculation results take into account the knowledge and experience of experts and the data characteristics of indicators, which makes the weight calculation results more convincing, determines the comprehensive operation risk of distribution network, and can be used as a reference for measures to improve the operation risk of distribution network. • The wind-wind output volatility - line failure rate model in lightning weather is established, and the distribution network operation risk under the consideration of wind-wind volatility and lightning weather is analyzed, and the impact of the wind-wind output fluctuation on the system operation risk is considered, and a variety of factors affecting the distribution network operation risk are comprehensively considered to improve the comprehensibility and accuracy of the assessment. Aiming at the problem that the operation state of distribution network is affected by the output fluctuation of renewable energy and the topology of distribution network, a comprehensive risk assessment method of distribution network based on WGAN-GP (Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty, WGAN-GP) and improved subjective and objective combination weights is proposed. Firstly, a Wasserstein generation adversative network with ladder penalty is proposed to deal with multiple uncertainties in the landscape. At the same time, combined with the improved ISODATA (Iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm, ISODATA) scenario reduction method, and considering the change of the topology of distribution network caused by lightning weather, the wind and landscape output fluctuation-lightning weather line failure rate model is established. Secondly, considering the economy and safety of the operation of the renewable energy access system, the risks of voltage overstep, branch power overstep and system load loss are proposed in terms of safety, and economic risk indicators are proposed in terms of economy, considering the risk of system operation line loss and operating profit and loss, so as to comprehensively consider the source of system risk. Thirdly, the improved subjective and objective combination of weights is used to assign reasonable weights. The calculation results take into account the knowledge and experience of experts and the data characteristics of indicators, which makes the weight calculation results more convincing, determines the comprehensive operation risk of distribution network, and serves as a reference for measures to improve the operation risk of distribution network. Finally, CPLEX was used to solve the IEEE33-node distribution network optimization model to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and method, and further analyzed the distribution network operation risk considering wind and lightning weather, and considered the influence of flexible load balance wind and wind output fluctuation on the system operation risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An original activated carbon is prepared using golden needle mushroom roots. • As-prepared AC-5 has excellent physical and chemical properties. • The AC-5 electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 360.4 F/g. • Such novel activated carbon shows a great potential prospect in supercapacitors. Herein, an original activated carbon (AC) is prepared using golden needle mushroom roots and potassium hydroxide. After carbonization under 500 °C, AC-5 exhibits good graphitization degree, appropriate nitrogen and oxygen elements, large specific surface area, and micro-meso porous structures. Notably, AC-5 as electrodes in supercapacitors has excellent electrochemical performances, e. g. high specific capacitance (360.4 F/g), impressive rate capability (77 %, from 10 mV/s to 200 mV/s), and outstanding cycling durability (99.56 %, after 10,000 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of safety and reliability in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) is essential for ensuring the protection of human life, the environment, and the sustainable use of clean energy. The key factor to achieve this goal is enhancing operator performance, as their decisions play a crucial role during reactor accidents. In this sense, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with safety systems in NPP could provide suggestions and recommendations to the operator, leading to a quick and accurate response. However, the complexity of models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), often considered as black boxes, presents challenges for operators to comprehend the decision-making process. This difficulty leads to a lack of trust in the model's output. Therefore, ensuring algorithm transparency becomes crucial to maintain a positive relationship between humans and AI technology. In this study, the necessary data were collected through the automation technique implemented in the (PCTRAN) software. Subsequently, CNN was employed to classify various design-based accidents (DBA), accompanied by transfer learning to optimize accuracy. Finally, Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) was used to provide outcome explainability. The results show the effectiveness of automation in reducing time consumption and optimizing hardware resource utilization. Among the pre-trained models, MobileNet exhibits superior performance by requiring a smaller dataset and less time, achieving the highest accuracy, and demonstrating an optimal balance of (correct and incorrect) data prediction within the classes. Furthermore, the use of Explainable AI (XAI) provides result transparency and clarifies the reasons behind CNN incorrect predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel photocatalyst (D-cys/Au NPs-TiO 2 , DAT) was successfully fabricated. • The highest degradation rate of DAT for chlorpyrifos reaches 96.7%. • The degradation pathway of OPPs involved oxidation of P = S, cleavage of O-P and C-O. • This study provides a potential approach to remove OPPs in fruits and vegetables. The widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in foods, poses a serious threat to human and environmental health, it is crucial to develop methods that can efficiently degrade residual OPPs. Herein, a chiral TiO 2 photocatalyst was developed by modification TiO 2 with D-cys/Au NPs (DAT) for the simultaneous degradation of four OPPs (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, malathion, and parathion) by natural light. The influence of D-Au NPs concentration on the degradation process was optimized, along with the initial pesticide concentration. Under optimal conditions, the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of DAT for four OPPs were 96.7 %, 56.9 %, 42.6 %, and 49.2 %, respectively, after 12 h of natural light exposure. 12 degradation products of OPPs were identified, among which three products were identified for the first time. The degradation pathway revealed that the degradation of OPPs by DAT involves the oxidation of the P═S bond and the cleavage of the P-O bond and C-O bond. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for applying chiral TiO 2 nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of OPPs in foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locating high active metal species into idea support surface to form spatially integrated nanostructure is essential for the adsorption and excitation process of water molecules. In this work, we proposed a spatial confinement strategy through incorporating Au nanoparticles into metal-organic framework (MOF) to realize low humidity sensing detection. We found the porous nature of MOF-303 morphology can provide confined room to induce Au species accumulation around the high active hydrophilic pocket (composed by three μ 2 -OH groups and two N(H)). In-situ Raman results further indicate the spatially-close Au species and hydrophilic pocket sites could synergistically promote chemical adsorption of water molecules and proton transfer processes. The as-fabricated Au@MOF-303 humidity sensor exhibits ultra-high response at low humidity condition (4345 Hz to 3.39 % RH), low humidity hysteresis (0.18 % RH), excellent repeatability and selectivity. Furthermore, the Au@MOF-303 sensor enables real-time monitoring of breathing signals attached to the surgical mask and the proximity of the fingertips. [Display omitted] • Metal-organic framework confined Au catalysts were prepared. • The sensors exhibit high response at low humidity condition (4345 Hz to 3.39 % RH). • Au species and hydrophilic pocket synergistically improve the adsorption of water molecules. • The sensors can monitor human respiration and finger humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of dwindling freshwater resources, it is imperative to comprehensively evaluate crop productivity and soil resource sustainability when considering the use of saline water for irrigation (SWI). This study aimed to investigate the effects of SWI on soil salinity variation and sustainability of flat sowing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through a comprehensive 15-year field experiment conducted in the North China Plain, encompassing six levels of irrigation water salinity (EC iw of 1.3, 3.4, 7.1, 10.6, 14.1, and 17.7 dS m−1, respectively). The results of the 15-year SWI revealed an increase in soil salinity within the cotton root zone, with increases of 5%, 20%, 39%, 67%, 116%, and 156%, respectively, observed across the six treatments. In treatments with higher EC iw values (14.1 and 17.7 dS m−1), salt accumulation extended to a depth of 3.0 m. Long - term SWI has a risk of causing soil sodicity and alkalinity. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH in the treatments with EC iw ≥ 7.1 dS m−1 increased significantly (P < 0.05) after cotton harvest in the 15th year of continuous SWI. Cotton yield performance exhibited a distinct response to varying levels of EC iw. The treatment with an EC iw of 3.4 dS m−1 yielded the highest average cotton yield of 3419 kg ha−1, while cotton yields in treatments with an EC iw of 14.1 and 17.7 dS m−1 were more than 13% and 20%, respectively, lower than the maximum yield (P < 0.05). The sustainability index of cotton yield was at its lowest (0.68) in the treatments with an EC iw of 7.1 dS m−1, with values between 0.72 and 0.75 in the other treatments. Additionally, long-term SWI resulted in changes in cotton quality, including a decrease in micronaire value and an increase in elongation index. A quadratic correlation analysis identified a threshold EC iw of 6.8 dS m−1 for optimum cotton yield. In summary, it is recommended that the EC iw should not exceed 6.8 dS m−1 to ensure the sustainability and safety of long-term SWI for cotton production in this research region. [Display omitted] • The impact of EC iw on soil salt and cotton yield was evaluated in a 15-year experiment. • Salt accumulated in 0-1.0 m depth was positively related to EC iw. • Irrigation with high EC iw (14.1 and 17.7 dS m−1) resulted in salt accumulation to a depth of 3.0 m. • The sustainability index of yield varied from 0.68 to 0.75 under the six treatments. • A threshold EC iw of 6.8 dS m−1 was determined to be the safe limit for irrigation with saline water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Tourmaline in muscovite is of schorl type and tourmaline in barren and ore-bearing pegmatite are of oxy-schorl and fluor-elbaite. • Local fluid/melt composition may have influenced the tourmaline trace element compositions. • Fluid exsolution occurred in ore-bearing pegmatite with high Li contents. • B-isotope variation among tourmaline types linked to melt-fluid-tourmaline fractionation. The Bailongshan in the West Kunlun Orogen (northern Tibet) is a newly-discovered super-large rare-metal (Li-Rb(-Be-Ta-Nb)) pegmatite deposit. Tourmaline occurs widely in muscovite granites and pegmatites at Bailongshan, but comprehensive study is yet to be done on the geochemical evolution of tourmaline from the magmatic to the hydrothermal stages. Here, we present a systematic study of in-situ major, trace elemental and boron isotopic variations of tourmaline from Bailongshan deposit, and discuss the tourmaline genesis and how boron isotopes change during the magmatic to hydrothermal stage. Three types of tourmaline have been identified at Bailongshan deposit, including disseminated tourmaline in the muscovite granite, medium-coarse-grained euhedral tourmaline in the barren pegmatite, and multicolored medium-coarse-grained tourmaline in the ore-bearing pegmatite. EPMA and LA-ICP-MS geochemical analyses reveal that the tourmaline samples belong mainly to alkali group, with the tourmalines from the muscovite granite and the barren pegmatite falling into the schorl solid-solution series and the ore-bearing pegmatite falling into elbaite. There is a major chemical change from Fe-rich compositions with moderate Al in the Y-sites (muscovite granite and barren pegmatite) to Li-rich compositions with high YAl and relatively high F (ore-bearing pegmatite). Most trace element contents vary over several orders of magnitude with median concentrations of 0.1–10 μg/g. High concentrations are found for Ga, Zn, Be, Sc, Sn and Li (several tens to thousands of μg/g), whereas low concentrations (<0.1 μg/g) are found for V, Rb, U, Th, W, and Hf. The tourmalines from muscovite granite and barren pegmatite yielded δ11B = -8.9 to −7.5 ‰ and −8.7 to −6.0 ‰, respectively, whilst the tourmaline in the ore-bearing pegmatite show a wider δ11B range (-8.8 to −5.2 ‰). The B isotopic values indicate a source of the continental crust in a post-collisional setting. The estimated δ11B value of parental granitic magma is −10.0 ‰. The overlap in δ11B values between muscovite granite and barren pegmatite indicates a little isotopic fractionation between tourmaline and melt. Rayleigh fractionation results in the observed δ11B decrease from zone I (-6.9 ‰) to zone V (-8.0 ‰). After the barren-pegmatite-hosted tourmaline formation, the δ11B value of boron-rich magma would have been about −11.5 ‰. The intragrain δ11B variation of tourmaline in the ore-bearing pegmatite is 2.7 ‰, much larger than that from the other zones, indicating the rim of the tourmaline crystallized from fluid exsolved. We calculated the boron-isotope fractionation (between fluid and melt) to be 4.2–5.7 ‰ at 600–450 °C. Chemical variations in tourmaline are continuous in the muscovite granite and barren pegmatite, consistent with fractional crystallization, whereas the tourmaline from the ore-bearing pegmatite may have formed during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. The boron isotopic variations could be attributed to fractionation between melt-tourmaline, melt-fluid and tourmaline-fluid and Rayleigh fractionation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current groundwater models face significant challenges in their implementation due to heavy computational burdens. To overcome this, our work proposes a cost-effective emulator that efficiently and accurately forecasts the impact of abstraction in an aquifer. Our approach uses a deep neural operator (DeepONet) framework to learn operators that map between infinite-dimensional function spaces via deep neural networks. The goal is to infer the distribution of hydraulic heads in a confined aquifer in the presence of a pumping well. We successfully tested the DeepONet framework on multiple problems, including forward time-dependent problems, an inverse analysis, and a nonlinear system. Additionally, we propose a novel extension of the DeepONet-based architecture to generate accurate predictions for varied hydraulic conductivity fields and pumping well locations that are unseen during training. Our emulator's predictions match the target data with excellent performance, demonstrating that the proposed model can act as an efficient and fast tool to support a range of tasks that require repetitive forward numerical simulations or inverse simulations of groundwater flow problems. Overall, our work provides a promising avenue for developing cost-effective and accurate groundwater models. • We propose, for the first time, a neural operator (DeepONet) as a surrogate model to efficiently and accurately emulate the impact of abstraction in the distribution of hydraulic heads in confined, heterogeneous aquifers. • The proposed method can efficiently learn solutions of both the forward and inverse operator. • By proposing a modification to the original formulation of DeepONet, we have achieved precise predictions for varied groundwater head distributions, accommodating the random positioning of wells in the heterogeneous aquifer. • Our experiments demonstrate DeepONet's capability in tackling tasks demanding repetitive forward numerical simulations, even in time-dependent and nonlinear setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Change in the physicochemical and gelling properties of MP upon LF-MFT was studied. • LF-MFT held a superior gel quality by inhibiting oxidation and denaturation than AT. • Particularly, LF-MFT-4 could inhibit the oxidation and denaturation of MP. • LF-MFT-4 helped in holding water by protecting the structure and gelling properties. The impact of low-frequency alternating magnetic field thawing (LF-MFT) on the physicochemical and gelling properties of porcine myofibrillar proteins (MP) was studied. Results showed that compared to atmosphere thawing (AT), LF-MFT helped in inhibiting the oxidation and denaturation of protein during thawing, thereby maintaining a superior MP gel (P < 0.05). In particular, LF-MFT-4 (LF-MFT at 4 mT) could decrease the oxidation of MP, which might be due to having a higher content of total sulfhydryl and less carbonyl of MP than other thawing treatments. The denaturation of MP was reduced since LF-MFT-4 led to less aggregation and degradation than AT. The gelling properties were also retained, and a compact and homogeneous network structure was formed after LF-MFT-4, resulting in excellent water retention. These findings suggested that LF-MFT-4 improved the gelling properties of MP by inhibiting its oxidation and denaturation, demonstrating a potential application of LF-MFT in meat thawing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electrocatalyst possessing superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is highly desirable due to the low sluggish kinetics at the cathode of fuel cell. Here, CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes electrocatalyst (denoted as CoFe 2 O 4 -NC) is synthesized via polymerization of pyrrole, absorbing metal ion and annealing under Ar/NH 3 atmosphere. By in situ integrating the catalytically active CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles with the N-doped carbon nanotubes and enhancing electrical conductivity, the as-obtained electrocatalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity and long-term stability with a half-wave potential of 0.86 V and 10 h continuous cycling, outperforming the reported similar catalysts. This work opens a new path for the expansion of low cost and efficient ORR electrocatalysts to substitute Pt-based metals for energy storage and conversion devices. [Display omitted] • In situ synthesis of CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes. • CoFe 2 O 4 -NC exhibits excellent ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.86 V and long-term stability. • The immobilization of particles on carbon tube prevents the CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles from dissolving or aggregating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding advanced 5G mobile communication, microwave dielectric ceramics are considered as the most potential materials to develop new-generation base station resonators. Herein, ZnNb 2 O 6 ceramics with ε r of approximately 24 have been prepared using the solid-state reaction method, with tailored extra ZnO of x mol% (x = 1, 2 and 3). We have for the first time applied the P-V-L chemical bond theory to investigate ZnNb 2 O 6 ceramics with ZnO doping, by exploring the relationship of dielectric properties and chemical bond characteristics. Particularly, the Raman spectra demonstrates that the full width at half maximum of υ 1 (A g) vibration mode can exhibit significant correlation with the quality factor (Q × f). To further support the experimental study, we have also conducted the first-principle calculation of electron density difference via CASTEP package, which further confirms the change of temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τ f). Our newly designed ZnNb 2 O 6 ceramics doped with 1 mol% ZnO exhibit excellent dielectric properties, i.e., ε r = 23.74, Q × f = 102,824 GHz and τ f = −55.38 ppm/°C, which demonstrates great potential to construct miniaturized 5G base station with advanced ceramic dielectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A two-stage risk dispatching model for integrated transmission and distribution networks is proposed. The day-ahead phase focuses on the economics of the transmission and distribution network, while the intra-day phase focuses on operational safety. • The four dimensions of regulable resources, such as power side, grid side, load side and energy storage side, are coordinated to optimally dispatch the transmission and distribution network. • An improved particle swarm (PSO) algorithm solution model is proposed. In this paper, the dynamic adjustment of the inertia weight factor and learning factor can improve the ability to globally search for optimal values and increase the convergence speed of the algorithm. With the incorporation of more renewable energy sources, distribution networks are shifting from passive to active. The interconnection of the transmission and distribution networks will increase and the tidal currents will become bidirectional, affecting the stable operation of the transmission and distribution networks. This paper proposes a multi-timescale risk dispatch study for transmission and distribution networks that have a high proportion of distributed energy access to meet the rising demand for coupling between the two types of networks. First, a day-ahead scheduling model that takes into account various operational risks is developed with the goal of minimizing total operating costs, and it optimizes the source network load and storage of multiple adjustable resources of the transmission network and distribution network jointly under the risk limit constraint. Second, an intraday scheduling model is built with the goal of minimizing the risk cost of the transmission network and distribution network, and the day-ahead scheduling plan is modified by considering the day-ahead forecast error and the different operational risks of the transmission network and distribution network. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed multi-time-scale risk dispatch model is verified through the analysis of arithmetic cases, and it is proved that the model can enable the interaction and coordination between transmission and distribution networks as well as the synergistic optimization of operating costs and operating risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the structure and function of Salvinia molesta , a biomimetic antifouling film with double-scale microstructure antennae was designed and fabricated using silicone rubber-graphene composite materials (micro-SR-GN). The micro-SR-GN can absorb air bubbles underwater to wrap the whole antenna, forming a "bubble shield" that can act as an environmentally-friendly physical antifouling barrier. Due to its hydrophobicity and double-scale microstructure, micro-SR-GN has strong bubble adsorption function and can maintain bubbles stability at a certain fluid velocity (1.5 m/s). In static and dynamic antifouling experiments, micro-SR-GN exhibited excellent antifouling performance, which could resist the adhesion of both Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and marine algae. These findings suggest that a promising platform could be achieved based on the physical antifouling strategy of "bubble shield" and show broad prospects in maritime industry. • Salvinia inspired biomimetic antifouling film can adsorb bubbles and maintain bubbles stable at a certain flow rate. • Bubble shield can effectively prevent the attachment of common fouling organisms, including bacteria and algae. • The antifouling strategy based on "bubble shield" is environmentally friendly. • The antifouling coating is prepared using a 3D printing template method, which is simple and convenient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, performance degradation and reliability evaluation of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules deployed in desert climate was investigated based on the more than 7-year tracking test. It is found that peak power standard deviation first increased with time, reaching the peak when modules operated for 3 years, and then continuously decreased. Then, relationship among power warranty, power degradation rate and tolerance on maximum power is revealed for the first time. If 1% of module failures during warranty period is allowable, the 30-year warranty can be realized when degradation rate is 0.4–0.6 %/year with tolerance 0 ∼ +5% and 0 ∼ +3%, or degradation rate is 0.5 %/year with tolerance ±5% and ±3%, or degradation rate is 0.4 %/year with tolerance ±10%, ±5% and ±3%. Finally, reproducibility of power measurement is introduced for more accurately evaluating module performance degradation and reliability. Meanwhile, determination procedure of reproducibility for module electrical performance is systematically set forth. It is found that power warranty period can be prolonged if reproducibility is considered. The results obtained in this paper can provide new insights into performance degradation, reliability assessment and power warranty for fielded crystalline silicon solar modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In the context of pole-to-ground faults occurring in DC distribution network, this paper conducts a fault characteristic analysis. To enhance the visibility of fault characteristics, the transient components of the fault are decoupled into zero-mode components by means of the phase-mode transform method. It then utilizes wavelet transformation to extract its high-frequency components, allowing for accurate reconstruction of high-frequency zero-mode current signals at a sampling frequency of 3 kHz. • A pole-to-ground fault location method based on the sparsity of high-frequency zero-mode current is proposed for DC distribution network. The node high-frequency zero-mode voltage equation is constructed, and the compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm is used to solve the node high-frequency zero-mode current sparse vectors to achieve accurate fault line location. This method achieves fault location for the entire network through a small number of measurement points, which reduces the requirement for the number of measurement points, saves investment costs, effectively reduces the dead-zone effect, and has a certain degree of resistance to transition resistance and noise. • A fault distance measurement algorithm based on high-frequency zero-mode current amplitude is proposed. The fault distance measurement algorithm is constructed by reconstructing the high-frequency zero-mode current amplitude of the connected nodes of the fault line, and the fault ranging is carried out to achieve the accurate location of the fault point. The influence of transition resistances on the accuracy of fault location is eliminated. The pole-to-ground fault is the most frequently occurring fault in the DC distribution network. To solve the problem of poor fault location accuracy caused by the inconspicuous characteristics of pole-to-ground fault in DC distribution network, this paper presents a pole-to-ground fault location method for DC distribution network based on high-frequency zero-mode current sparsity. Firstly, the characteristics of pole-to-ground fault are analyzed, the influence of electrical coupling is eliminated by the phase-mode decoupling method, the equivalent circuit of the zero-mode network for pole-to-ground fault in the DC distribution network is established, and the sparse characteristics of high-frequency zero-mode current are demonstrated through analysis. Secondly, the equation of node high-frequency zero-mode voltage is constructed, and the sparse vector of high-frequency zero-mode current is obtained by solving the high-frequency zero-mode voltage equation using compressed sensing reconstruction to achieve fault line location. Finally, by analyzing the equivalent circuit of the fault line, a fault distance algorithm is proposed based on the amplitude of reconstructed high-frequency zero-mode current to achieve accurate fault point location. The simulation experiments of DC distribution network show that the proposed method can accurately locate fault point with low requirement for the number of measurement points and has a certain ability to tolerance transitional resistance and noise interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Xuefengling lithium polymetallic deposit is a superlarge pegmatite deposit. • Micas and columbite-group minerals from the Xuefengling pegmatites magmatic-hydrothermal process similar with the Bailongshan pegmatites, they may have originated from the same parental magma chamber. • The Xuefengling pegmatites show lower degree of fractionation than the Bailongshan pegmatites. The Xuefengling rare metal pegmatite deposit is located in the West Kunlun orogenic belt, Northwest China. It is one part of the Bailongshan orefield, which is located 5 km southeast of the Bailongshan deposit, and it is composed of the Xuefengling, Xuepen, Longmenshan and Shuangya ore segments. The Xuefengling pegmatite and the Bailongshan pegmatite have similar zoning characteristics, and the pegmatite-hosted rare metal mineralization is approximately 206–213 Ma. On the basis of detailed observations and characterization of the textures and mineral assemblages of pegmatites in the Xuefengling deposit, four zones are identified: a quartz–spodumene (QS) zone, quartz–albite–muscovite (QAM) zone, quartz–albite–tourmaline (QAT) zone, and block albite–quartz pegmatite (BAQ) zone. We use the textures and major and trace element compositions of muscovite and columbite-group minerals from the Xuefengling pegmatite to illustrate both the existing state of rare elements and the origin of the Xuefengling pegmatite. Our results show that from Li-poor (QAM and QAT zones) to Li-rich pegmatites (QS zone), the K/Rb and K/Cs ratios of muscovite gradually decrease from 41.6 to 10.9 and 2276 to 208, respectively, and the Mn# values of columbite-group minerals increase from 0.35 to 0.49, which are similar to the progressive evolution trend identified in Bailongshan pegmatites. However, the lower K/Rb and K/Cs ratios of muscovite from the Xuefengling pegmatites than those from the Bailongshan pegmatites indicate that the Xuefengling pegmatites may have formed from the lower degrees of fractional crystallization of the same parental magma chamber, leading to the Bailongshan ore-field pegmatites gradually strengthening their evolution from east to west. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sediment characteristics of a watershed after continuous soil erosion control. • Three main flood patterns decreased in both frequency and sediment concentration. • The dominant relation between suspended sediment concentration and discharge was single-valued. • The implementation of soil and water conservation measures led to limited sediment supply. To investigate the runoff and sediment characteristics of the watershed after continuous soil erosion control in the red soil region of southern China, hydrological data were collected from 2013 to 2020 in the Zhuxi watershed, which is located in the southeast of the red soil region. The results showed that the monthly suspended sediment concentration and annual sediment yield have significantly decreased since 2017. At the event scale, 180 floods were classified into four flood patterns (A, B, C and D) by the K-medoids clustering method based on the flood duration, runoff depth and peak discharge. Each flood pattern resulted in differing levels of the event sediment yield (D > C > B > A), and Pattern C contributed the most to runoff and sediment yield. The study period was divided into two stages according to the annual sediment yield. Compared with 2013–2016, the total runoff and sediment yield of the 3 major flood patterns (A, B and C) in 2017–2020 decreased by 17.88%∼25.12% and 78.92%∼90.34%, respectively. These flood patterns decreased not only in frequency but also in suspended sediment concentration, which was caused by the changes in the runoff-sediment relationships of flood events. Six types of suspended sediment concentration and discharge (SSC - Q) relations appeared in the flood events, indicating that the sediment sources and sediment transport processes were complex and dynamic. In 2017–2020, the single-valued relation became the dominant type of SSC - Q relations for all flood patterns, which suggests that the sediment supply was inhibited. The results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the runoff and sediment processes of a watershed after continuous soil erosion control, which is beneficial for revealing the development of soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of a series AB 2 Laves-type metal hydride alloys, in which Ce was doped into Ti 0.24 Zr 0.76 Ni 1.15 Mn 0.7 V 0.15 and annealed the alloys, was studied and correlated to hydrogen storage properties and electrochemical performances. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy results revealed that Ce formed a CeNi 3 secondary phase instead of entering the Laves phases. The synergistic effect of the CeNi 3 and (Ti,Zr)Ni phase improved the hydrogen storage and electrochemical discharge properties of the Ce-doped (Ce 0.02) alloy. Especially, the secondary phases could decrease the hydrogen absorption plateau, reduce the hysteresis phenomenon, and increase the hydrogen storage capacity (from 0.9 wt% to 1.4 wt% at 25 ℃). The formation of CeNi 3 H x hydride on the surfaces of alloy electrodes led to a higher discharge capacity (∼500 mAh/g) and a faster activation rate. The Ce 0.02 alloy also showed a good cyclic stability ∼82.08%, after 500 charge-discharge cycling, which could be ascribed to the good corrosion resistance of the CeNi 3 phase on the surface of alloy. In addition, annealing treatment promoted the depletion of (Ti,Zr)Ni secondary phase and the transformation from the C14 to C15 phase. The Ce-doped AB 2 alloy can be used as a hydrogen storage and hydride battery electrode material. • Annealing resulted in the transformation from the C14 to C15 Laves phase. • Full discharge capacity of Ce 0.02 alloy as an anode reaches 500 mAh/g at 10 mA/g. • Synergistic effect of the CeNi 3 and (Ti,Zr)Ni phases on the Laves phases. • Secondary phases improves discharge and hydrogen storage capacity, and HRD ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The competitive fatigue failure behaviour of the Al–CFRP riveted joint is studied. • The improvement of the fatigue life of riveted joints by the adhesive is revealed. • The relevance between slip states, heat and joint property degradation is studied. • The fretting mechanism between the interface of the Al alloy and CFRP is analyzed. Fatigue tests on Al alloy–carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) single-shear lap riveted joints and adhesive–riveted hybrid joints are conducted to reveal the failure mechanisms of joints under different loads. The novelty of this study is that the effect of heat accumulation caused by interfacial friction on joint competitive failure is considered. Results show that the Al–CFRP joint is a typical competitive fretting fatigue, and the failure modes of heterogeneous joints are affected by the sensitivity of the mechanical properties of materials due to the external environment change. The failure location of the joint under low load is the Al plate. As the load increases, the joint enters a gross slip state accompanied by a temperature rise. In addition, the performance of the CFRP decreases significantly, leading to the fracture of the CFRP plate. The existence of the adhesive slows down the interfacial wear, which can improve the service life by 500% under lower loads, but it cannot prevent the temperature rise under higher loads and only improves the life by 80%. When selecting life-enhancing methods in engineering applications, the hybrid joint can be considered under low loads, and high-temperature-resistant composites are recommended under high loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, novel sodium alginate–based double-network hydrogel beads were prepared and applied for the water-retention and slow release of fertilizers (WSF). The WSF beads were prepared by ion-crosslinking and the free radical polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and polymerizable β-cyclodextrin in the presence of urea-loaded halloysites. The WSF beads were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and TGA. Their swelling capacity and water retention were measured by a weighing method and their slow-release behavior was studied by spectrophotometry. The water retention and slow release results showed that the fertilizer displayed improved urea release and water retention properties, indicating that halloysite nanotubes clearly improved the performance of fertilizers. In addition, the experimental data of the slow release of urea in water and soil better fitted the Korsmeyer-Peppas model compared with the Higuchi model, a zero-order model or a first order mode. The release behavior of the fertilizer beads followed a Fickian diffusion mechanism. • Alginate-based double-network hydrogel beads were used as fertilizers. • The beads were fabricated via ion-crosslinking and the free radical polymerization. • The fertilizers contain sodium alginate, halloysite nanotubes and β-cyclodextrin. • The fertilizers have the advantages of slow-release and water-retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants have excellent abilities to regenerate from detached tissues, in which various phytohormones play critical roles. It has been reported that jasmonate and auxin appeared sequentially during direct de novo root regeneration (DNRR) after leave detachment. However, the role of salicylic acid (SA) is still unknown in this procedure although it is another important plant hormone. We have demonstrated the potential of electrochemical sensors for real time screening of SA but the stability still needed to be improved. Herein a digital plotter was used to modify the carbon tape modified electrodes with pencil traces in order to improve the reproducibility. The modified electrodes in paper-based analytical devices were applied to monitor SA during direct DNRR. The drawing routines and the distances between two close traces were optimized. Our results showed that the carbon tape modified electrodes achieved more reproducible responses of SA. Combined with in vivo sampling, the results using our approach demonstrated that amounts of SA in the wild Arabidopsis thaliana leaves during direct DNRR reached highest at around 72 h after detachment and then decreased, implying that the wave of SA contents might follow that of auxin during direct DNRR. The application of the digital plotter offered a cost-effective and more reproducible method for preparation of disposable working electrodes, which might be extended for other biochemical assays. A digital plotter was used to fabricate pencil trace modified carbon tape electrodes, which were coupled in paper-based analytical devices for real time sensing of salicylic acid in Arabidopsis leaves during direct de novo root regeneration. Image 1 • A digital plotter was used to modify the carbon tape electrodes based on pencil traces. • Salicylic acid could be detected with the modified electrode more reproducibly. • Real time amounts of salicylic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves could be obtained. • The wave of salicylic acid might follow that of auxin during plant regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the structural behavior of geogrid reinforced soil retaining walls (GRSW) with a deformation buffer zone (DBZ) under static loads, the model tests and the numerical simulations were conducted to obtain the wall face horizontal displacement, vertical and horizontal soil pressures, and geogrid strains. Results showed that compared with the common GRSW, the horizontal displacement of GRSW with DBZ decreased, and the horizontal soil pressure acting on the face panel of GRSW with DBZ increased. The vertical and horizontal soil pressures showed a nonlinear distribution along the reinforcement length, and the value was smaller near the face panel. The horizontal soil pressure acting on the face panel of GRSW with DBZ was greater than that of the common GRSW in the middle portion. The cumulative strain of the geogrid had a single-peak distribution along its length; the maximum strain of the geogrid was 0.45%, the maximum tension was approximately 29.12% of ultimate tensile strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the preparation of highly active, long-term durable, and low cost electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction is still a challenge for energy conversion and storage. This work reports CoS 1.097 embedded in flower-like biomass derived from red blood cells (RBCs) nanocatalyst, was synthesized via a one-step, hydrothermal method. Compared to pure CoS 1.097 microspheres, the generated flower-like CoS 1.097 -biomass (CoS 1.097 -B) nanosheets exhibits enhanced OER electrocatalytic activity with a onset potential of 1.43 V (vs. RHE), an overpotential of 260 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and a low Tafel slope of 83 mV dec−1. Moreover, the CoS 1.097 -B displays good OER stability with little decrease after 400 cycles. Our work provides a reference for designing catalysts with high activity and good stability using biomass under mild conditions. Image 1 • Novel synthesis of CoS 1.097 embedded in flower-like biomass nanocatalysts. • More exposed CoS 1.097 particles impart large active area. • The CoS 1.097 -B exhibits excellent activity and stability towards OER. • The CoS 1.097 -B requires an overpotential of 260 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. • The Tafel slope of CoS 1.097 -B is only 83 mV dec−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ferromagnetic tip-induced superconductivity is successfully realized in Weyl semimetal TaAs by cryogenic point contact measurements. Typical p-wave-like point contact spectra are observed in some point contact states. Related magneto-transport measurements show that the topologically nontrivial nature under the tip maintains and the induced superconductivity coexists with the ferromagnetism. The experimental results suggest that the induced superconductivity in TaAs may show nontrivial topology. (WP: Weyl point; SC: superconductivity; FM: ferromagnetism). The metallic tip-induced superconductivity in normal Weyl semimetal offers a promising platform to study topological superconductivity, which is currently a research focus in condensed matter physics. Here we experimentally uncover that unconventional superconductivity can be induced by hard point contact (PC) method of ferromagnetic tips in TaAs single crystals. The magneto-transport measurements of the ferromagnetic tip-induced superconducting (FTISC) states exhibit the quantum oscillations, which reveal that the superconductivity is induced in the topologically nontrivial Fermi surface of the Weyl semimetal, and show compatibility of ferromagnetism and induced superconductivity. We further measure the point contact spectra (PCS) of tunneling transport for FTISC states which are potentially of nontrivial topology. Considering that the magnetic Weyl semimetal with novel superconductivity is hard to realize in experiment, our results show a new route to investigate the unconventional superconductivity by combining the topological semimetal with ferromagnetism through hard PC method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recurrent or previously irradiated head and neck cancers (HNC) are therapeutically challenging and may benefit from high-dose, highly accurate radiation techniques, such as stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR). Here, we compare set-up and positioning accuracy across HNC subsites to further optimize the treatment process and planning target volume (PTV) margin recommendations for head and neck SABR.Methods and Materials: We prospectively collected data on 405 treatment fractions across 79 patients treated with SABR for recurrent/previously irradiated HNC. First, interfractional error was determined by comparing ExacTrac x-ray to the treatment plan. Patients were then shifted and residual error was measured with repeat x-ray. Next, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was compared with ExacTrac for positioning agreement, and final shifts were applied. Lastly, intrafractional error was measured with x-ray before each arc. Results were stratified by treatment site into skull base, neck/parotid, and mucosal.Results: Most patients (66.7%) were treated to 45 Gy in 5 fractions (range, 21-47.5 Gy in 3-5 fractions). The initial mean ± standard deviation interfractional errors were -0.2 ± 1.4 mm (anteroposterior), 0.2 ± 1.8 mm (craniocaudal), and -0.1 ± 1.7 mm (left-right). Interfractional 3-dimensional vector error was 2.48 ± 1.44, with skull base significantly lower than other sites (2.22 vs 2.77; P = .0016). All interfractional errors were corrected to within 1.3 mm and 1.8°. CBCT agreed with ExacTrac to within 3.6 mm and 3.4°. CBCT disagreements and intrafractional errors of >1 mm or >1° occurred at significantly lower rates in skull base sites (CBCT: 16.4% vs 50.0% neck, 52.0% mucosal, P < .0001; intrafractional: 22.0% vs 48.7% all others, P < .0001). Final PTVs were 1.5 mm (skull base), 2.0 mm (neck/parotid), and 1.8 mm (mucosal).Conclusions: Head and neck SABR PTV margins should be optimized by target site. PTV margins of 1.5 to 2 mm may be sufficient in the skull base, whereas 2 to 2.5 mm may be necessary for neck and mucosal targets. When using ExacTrac, skull base sites show significantly fewer uncertainties throughout the treatment process, but neck/mucosal targets may require the addition of CBCT to account for positioning errors and internal organ motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The individual WO 3 film and a series of Hierarchical structure WO 3 /TiO 2 complex films were fabricated by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The influence of TiO 2 thickness on electrochromic properties of WO 3 thin films is investigated. The capability for accommodating H+, the diffusion coefficient (D) value of H+ and the life-time or cycle stability of WO 3 films were effectively enhanced by appropriate thickness (60 nm) of TiO 2 coated on WO 3. • Hierarchical structure WO 3 /TiO 2 complex films were fabricated by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. • Electrochromic properties of hierarchical structure WO 3 /TiO 2 complex films were improved compared with WO 3 film. • Hierarchical structure WO 3 /TiO 2 (60 nm) complex film exhibited outstanding electrochromic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Smooth point-to-point trajectory planning method for industrial robots is proposed. • Acceleration is planned with fourth-order polynomial determined by one coefficient. • Velocity, acceleration and jerk of each joint and end-effector are continuous. • Velocity, acceleration and jerk at the initial point and final point are zero. • Velocity, acceleration and jerk of each joint meet the kinematical constraints. In this paper, a smooth point-to-point trajectory planning method for industrial robots is proposed. The trajectory is planned in the joint space. The joint motion is divided into three parts, namely accelerated part, constant velocity part and decelerated part. In the accelerated part and decelerated part, the acceleration is planned with fourth-order polynomial formed with the property of the root multiplicity. Then near time-optimal trajectory can be obtained by maximizing the constant velocity part under kinematical constraints. The results show that the fourth-order polynomial formed with the property of the root multiplicity is determined by only one coefficient. Compared to the classical description, the arduous stage of solving the numerous polynomial coefficients can be eliminated. With the proposed trajectory planning method, the displacement, velocity, acceleration and jerk of each joint and end-effector are all continuous. At the initial moment and end moment, the velocity, acceleration and jerk of each joint and end-effector are zero. The velocity, acceleration and jerk of each joint meet the kinematical constraints. The end-effector moves smoothly and the proposed trajectory planning method is very effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We generalize basic results relating the associated graded Lie algebra and the holonomy Lie algebra of a group, from finitely presented, commutator-relators groups to arbitrary finitely presented groups. Using the notion of "echelon presentation," we give an explicit formula for the cup-product in the cohomology of a finite 2-complex. This yields an algorithm for computing the corresponding holonomy Lie algebra, based on a Magnus expansion method. As an application, we discuss issues of graded-formality, filtered-formality, 1-formality, and mildness. We illustrate our approach with examples drawn from a variety of group-theoretic and topological contexts, such as link groups, one-relator groups, and fundamental groups of orientable Seifert fibered manifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate potential findings associated with cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-positive HCC, with special emphasis on MR texture analysis.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with CK19-negative HCC and 38 patients with CK19-positive were retrospectively evaluated by texture analysis based on conventional MRI. Clinicalpathological characteristics, conventional MR imaging findings, and the MR texture analysis contained of 2415 texture features in the seven conventional sequences were compared. Significant features for differentiating were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of the significant findings were performed and compared to evaluate their diagnostic performance.Results: There was no significant difference between the top1 texture feature (three-dimensional standard deviation separation of intensity on T2-weighted original images, abbreviated as: StdSeparation 3D) and the combined top1-6 feature in identifying CK19-positive HCC(P = 0.660). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level ≥400 ng/mL(P = 0.013), arterial rim enhancement(P = 0.005), and StdSeparation 3D texture character(P = 0.002) were independent variables associated with CK19-positive HCCs. The combination of the three indices showed a better performance than AFP level(P = 0.0028), arterial rim enhancement(P < 0.0001), and their combination(P = 0.0098); while no significantly better than the StdSeparation 3D texture character alone(P = 0.0788). An acceptable discrimination(AUC = 0.765) with both sensitivity and specificity greater than 75% was achieved for StdSeparation 3D texture character.Conclusion: Serum AFP level ≥400 ng/mL, arterial rim enhancement, and the StdSeparation 3D texture character were independently associated with CK19-positive HCC. The StdSeparation 3D texture character may be a reliable imaging biomarker which can improve the diagnostic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Camptothecin, as a hydrophobic drug, is encapsulated in a carrier, which usually has a very low drug load and is easy to leak. The drug loading of HCT exceeded 10%, however, HCT was obatined by electrostatic adsorption, which is not easy to dissociate during the long circulation in the body and avoids the possibility of drug leakage. • HCT preparation is divided into two steps. Importly, it is simple and easy to repeat for industrialization. • HCT has the dual targeting of tumor cells and cell subapparatus mitochondria, thus improving the therapeutic effect. Delivering traditional DNA-damaging anticancer drugs into mitochondria to damage mitochondria is a promising chemotherapy strategy. The impermeability of this mitochondrial inner membrane, however, impedes the delivery of drug molecules that could impact other important biological roles of mitochondria. Herein, the prodrug camptothecin (CPT)-triphenylphosphine (TPP) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) via electrostatic adsorption (HA/CPT-TPP, HCT) was used to mediate the mitochondrial accumulation of CPT. These nanoparticles (NPs) showed enhanced drug accumulation in cancer cells through tumor targeting. HCT entered acidic lysosomes through endosomal transport, HA was degraded by hyaluronidase (HAase) in acidic lysosomes, and the positively charged CPT-TPP was exposed and accumulated fully in the mitochondria. Subsequently, CPT-TPP significantly disrupted the mitochondrial structure and damaged mitochondrial function, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and energy depletion. Finally, HCT enhanced lung cancer cell apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Furthermore, greatly increased tumor growth inhibition was observed in nude mice bearing A549 xenograft tumors after the administration of HCT via tail injection. This study demonstrated that the mitochondria-targeted delivery of CPT may be a promising antitumor therapeutic strategy. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemically converting nitrate, widely distributed in industrial wastewater and contaminated water bodies, into ammonia is a promising route for resource recovery and wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, treating harmful algal blooms (HABs) is presented worldwide, are time and resource-consuming, and carries a high CO 2 footprint. Rather than considering this carbon and nitrogen-rich biomass as disposable waste, consider it a vast renewable resource. Therefore, this study presents a Fe-dispersed carbon-based catalyst derived from HABs biomass, with a maximum ammonia yield rate of 16449 μg h−1 cm−2 (1.2 mmol h−1 mg cat −1) and NH 3 Faradaic efficiency of 87.3%. This catalyst also possessed decent stability with continuous operation over 50 h. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the Fe-N 4 site facilitates electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction by reducing the energy barriers of the NO 3 --to-NH 3 pathway. Thus, this strategy of upcycling HABs biomass waste into functional catalysts offers a multipronged approach to renewable and carbon-neutral energy technologies. [Display omitted] • Harmful algal blooms (HABs) were resourced to prepare Fe single-atom electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction (NO 3 RR). • Fe-N-BC achieved 16449 μg h−1 cm−2 NH 3 yield with 87.3% Faradaic efficiency at 150 mA cm−2. • The Fe-N 4 structure effectively reduces the NO 3 RR reaction energy barrier. • We proposed a full conversion process from nitrate sources to ammonia downstream products (NH 4 Cl). • The CO 2 emission could be reduced by about 146,000,000 tons per year by resourcing Taihu HABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woven lattice truss sandwich panels (WLTSPs) structure has excellent anti-stripping ability and energy absorption effect. The warp and weft distributions have an effect on the WLTSPs. Foam-filling technique and different heights of WLTSPs were double studied by the testing. Through the compression test and lateral compression test reveal the deformation, damage, failure and energy absorption. In the compression testing, the foam-filling can effectively increase peak force (PF) and energy absorption (EA), especially the weft distribution along the length direction-the specific energy absorption per unit mass of foam (△SEA) is 7.086 J/g. The foam filling transforms the piles from compression-shear coupled damage to progressive damage. In the lateral compression testing, when the WLTSPs at a low height the foam filling leads the load-displacement curve changes from brittleness to ductility. Foam filling improves the PF of PB by up to 459% at the height of 80 mm and restrain the decrease of bearing capacity with the increased height. The failure modes of the WLTSPs includes bending failure to progressive failure, concave, and the end fracture compression. • Foam filling technology has an effect on the performance and energy absorption of WLTSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycerol carbonylation is one of the most efficient reaction pathways to utilize glycerol, one of the by-products in biodiesel industry. So far, the vast majority of the reported glycerol carbonylation catalysts contain metals, which are not environmentally friendly. The recent emerging Lewis acid-base chemistry had provided powerful alternatives for metal-free catalysis. Here, we report the facile preparation of the B,N,P co-doped porous carbon materials, and the Lewis acidic/basic defects were detected in their structures. The obtained material BNP@C-800 exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the catalytic carbonylation of glycerol with urea, which achieved up to 93.6% glycerol conversion and 93.7% glycerol carbonate selectivity under metal-free conditions. The catalyst BNP@C-800 could be easily recycled for five times only by simple treatments without obvious loss in catalytic activity. In addition, the key reaction intermediate glycerol urethane was successfully characterized via React-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, a heterogeneous Lewis acid-base synergistic catalysis mechanism is proposed. [Display omitted] • The facile preparation of B, N and P co-doped porous carbon materials. • Introducing Lewis acid-base sites into porous carbon materials. • Efficient metal-free catalysts for carbonylation reaction of glycerol with urea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saline water is widely used as an alternative water resource for agriculture to overcome the freshwater shortage in arid and semiarid regions. But long-term using of the saline water for irrigation would negatively affect soil properties and crop production, and the salinity of the irrigation water should be properly managed to reduce the risks. In this study, saline water with five levels of electrical conductivities (EC iw) at 1.3 (CK), 3.4, 7.1, 10.6, and 14.1 dS·m−1 were used to irrigate winter wheat and summer maize with annual double cropping system in the North China Plain (NCP) from 2006 to 2019, to decide the threshold value for long-term using saline water. Crop yields and soil salinity were continuously examined from 2006 to 2019, and soil physicochemical properties were monitored in 2018 and 2019 after 12 years' saline water irrigation. Results showed that soil salinity in the 0 100 cm layer could be maintained at a low level using saline water with EC iw at 3.4 dS·m−1. Soil salt accumulated in winter wheat seasons could be leached from the main root zone in the following summer maize seasons, which were rainy in this region due to the monsoon climate. No significant difference was observed in grain yields for treatment with EC iw at 3.4 dS·m−1 compared to CK treatment. The electrical conductivity of the saturated soil extract (EC e), soil pH, sodium adsorption ratio, and bulk density within the top soil layer of 0 30 cm increased with the increase in EC iw , whereas the soil organic carbon, porosity, macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) content, and activities of catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase decreased, indicating the long-term using saline water irrigation deteriorated soil properties. But the difference in soil properties between the treatment of EC iw at 3.4 dS·m−1 and the CK was not apparent. There were reductions below 5% in relative grain yields and soil quality index (SQI) with EC iw lower than 3.17 and 3.10 dS·m−1 compared with CK treatment, respectively. Comprehensive consideration to maintain a stable crop production and benign soil quality, EC iw of 3.10 dS·m−1 for long-term saline water irrigation was recommended as the safe utilization threshold in the NCP. • Water with EC iw varying from 1.3 to 14.1 dS·m−1 was used to irrigate wheat and maize for 14 years. • Using 3.4 dS·m−1 saline water to irrigate produced similar yield as that using freshwater, without apparent salt accumulation. • Saline water with EC iw over 3.4 dS·m−1 caused yield reduction and soil salt accumulation. • Soil physicochemical properties were influenced by the long-term using of saline water with EC iw over 3.4 dS·m−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing or eliminating the slip regime and mix regime is an effective way to reduce the fretting wear, while the diamond-like carbon (DLC) film, as a self-lubricating solid lubricant, can reduce friction coefficient while improving the surface strength. The most valuable thing is that DLC film can change the film's composition, structure, and physical and chemical properties by controlling its deposition process. This regularability can realize the reduction or elimination of slip regime and mix regime under different fretting conditions, so it is important to explore the changing regulation law of the fretting regime by changing the sp2/sp3 hybrid bond content ratio and microstructure of DLC film. Here, DLC films with different sp2/sp3 hybrid carbon content ratios were obtained by annealing; the fretting performance was studied under different normal loads and amplitudes. The following rules are obtained by drawing the running conditions fretting map and analyzing the tangential stiffness, friction coefficient and dissipation energy: with increasing the sp2/sp3 hybrid carbon content of DLC film, the fretting regime moves towards the slip regime, while the friction coefficient and dissipated energy will increase. In addition, the short-range ordered microstructure, such as onion-like carbon structure, will facilitate the fretting regime towards the partial slip regime. This work demonstrates the controllability and potential of DLC films in fretting. [Display omitted] • By annealing, only the sp2/sp3 hybrid carbon content changed in the control variable, and the evolution trend of fretting regime was explored with this variable. • According to the analysis on the friction force vs displacement amplitude (Ft-D) curves, not only the running conditions fretting map (RCFM) is plotted, but also the tangential stiffness and energy dissipation are obtained. • Through the influence law of sp2/sp3 hybrid carbon content and short-range ordered structure on the fretting regime, the optimal film preparation parameters adapted to the operating conditions can be regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a kind of slow-release and water-retention fertilizer was fabricated by free radical copolymerization of potato starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide, and β-cyclodextrin modified by maleic anhydride, accompanying halloysite nanotubes whose cavities were enlarged by acidification and loaded with urea in advance. The fertilizer was characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, and XRD. Its swelling behavior in distilled water and salt solutions as well as the ability to hold water was studied by weighing method. Finally, its controlled-release behavior to urea was investigated. The results suggested the as-prepared fertilizer had good abilities to retain water and control urea release. Moreover, the addition of halloysite helped to improve the release properties of the fertilizer. The study on urea release kinetics indicated the release behavior of urea in water was controlled by its concentration, whereas the release behavior of urea in soil fitted with Fickian diffusion mechanism. • Fertilizers were obtained in urea solution by radical polymerization • Fertilizers were based on starch, halloysite nanotubes and β-cyclodextrin • Halloysite nanotubes could load more urea by acidification • The fertilizers have the properties of slow-release and water-retention [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) cytosensor was fabricated onto a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) in order to detect hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) which was released from tumor cells. The ECL probe Ru(bpy) 3 2+@silica-Au nanocomposite (Ru@SiO 2 -Au) was fabricated and served as ECL reagent. The ECL of Ru@SiO 2 -Au nanocomposite was quenched by the ferrocene (Fc). AuPd nanoparticles (AuPd NPs), which were modified on the paper working electrode (PWE), were served as the catalyst of H 2 O 2 to produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for cleaving Fc-labelled DNA to achieve "signal-on", and AuPd NPs also severed as coreaction accelerator. H 2 O 2 was released from cells under the stimulation of phorbol myristate acetate. Fc-labelled DNA strand was cleaved via •OH. Fc molecule departed from the PWE surface, The ECL could be recovered. An ECL cytosensor on a 3D origami device was constructed. The ECL response of the Ru@SiO 2 -Au-Fc system was related to the number of cells. The ECL intensity was quantitatively related with the logarithm of MCF-7 cells number and H 2 O 2 concentration, the detection limit was 30 cells mL−1. As a consequence, this work provided a really low-cost and disposable μ-PAD for sensitive detection of intracellular H 2 O 2. What's more, this work had potential application value for studying cellular biology and pathophysiology. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Ru@SiO 2 -Au NPs act as ECL luminophores, in which Au NPs enhance the ECL signal. • Fc-labelled DNA I is cleaved via OH* to achieve Ru@SiO 2 -Au NPs "signal-on". • AuPd NPs severe as the catalyst to cleave DNA and ECL coreaction accelerator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic value of liver extracellular volume (ECV liver) measurement by equilibrium MR in staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and to compare its performance with serum fibrosis indices. Materials and methods 91 CHB patients were included and underwent gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI with T1 mapping sequence before and 15-min after contrast. ECV liver , aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index based on the four factors (FIB-4) were calculated and compared between fibrosis subgroups, and the correlations between the three indices and fibrosis stage or inflammatory activity were measured by Spearman correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic performance in evaluating liver fibrosis stage was assessed and compared using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Interobserver agreement showed an excellent interclass correlation coefficient of 0.895 for ECV liver. ECV liver , APRI and FIB-4 were different between fibrosis stages as a whole (F / H = 18.44–24.36, P ≤ 0.001). ECV liver had the strongest correlation with fibrosis stage (r = 0.727, P < 0.001), while APRI and FIB-4 had weak correlations (r = 0.466 and 0.440, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that only ECV liver was independently correlated with fibrosis stage (P < 0.001). The fibrosis stage was the only independent factor correlated with ECV liver comparing to inflammatory activity (P < 0.001). AUCs of ECV liver were larger than both APRI and FIB-4 in fibrosis staging, with significant differences in the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and cirrhosis (F4) (P = 0.0024 to 0.0049). Conclusion MR ECV liver provides a promising noninvasive tool in staging liver fibrosis for CHB patients, superior to the fibrosis indices of APRI and FIB-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Hylophalangopsis chinensis Lin and Huang, 2006 is attributed to Zeuneropterinae. • Hylophalangopsis chinensis Lin and Huang, 2006 is considered transitional species. • The zeuneropterines suggest a warm and humid climate. Abstract In the Dazhuoma stratigraphic section near the Gangni Township, Amdo County, northern Tibet, China, the Paleocene-lower Eocene Niubao Formation yields plenty of well-preserved microfossils and insects. A restudy of Hylophalangopsis chinensis Lin and Huang, 2006, an orthopteran insect from this formation, indicates that it should be attributed to Zeuneropterinae of Stenopelmatidae instead of Prophalangopsidae of Hagloidea in the original study. Some characters preserved in this species are herein considered transitional between Aboilinae (Prophalangopsidae) and Stenopelmatoidea, supporting the deduction that a close relationship exists between Stenopelmatoidea and Aboilinae. The close relationship of Hylophalangopsis with the other zeuneropterines in Canada and Scotland indicates a middle-late Paleocene age for the lower Niubao Formation, supported by some previous studies, and further suggests a warm and humid climate in the Dazhuoma area in the middle-late Paleocene, supported by some important evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The combination of gold nanostars with three-dimensional opal photonic crystals was applied to SERS trace detection. • The faster detection time and lower detection limits were obtained. • The local electromagnetic field distribution for the photonic crystals and AuNS composite substrates were calculated. Abstract The efficient extraction of targets from complex environment is the key to analyze explosive traces and soil pollution. In recent years, the focus of Raman detection of trace organic pollutants is to create hotspots for amplifying Raman signals. This paper demonstrated the combination of gold nanostars (AuNS) fabricated by seed mediated growth method with three-dimensional opal photonic crystals for SERS trace detection. As a result, the obtained composite structures show excellent SERS activity with low detection limits of 540 ppt to 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) (0.54 ppb) and fast detection time of 10 s. The utility of the composite structures was demonstrated by directly detecting soil pollution in water with a simple dropping. Additionally, the local electromagnetic field distribution for the photonic crystals and AuNS composite substrates were calculated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Overall, this work provides a simple, rapid, and sensitive way to monitor the insecticides in the soil and other side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ceramic sheets of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 (NVP) with NASICON-related structure have been prepared by tape-casting method. The addition of 60Na 2 O-10Nb 2 O 5 -30P 2 O 5 glass to NVP is demonstrated to enhance markedly the density of the sintered NVP sheet and its electrical conductivity. The best densified NVP sheet with a thickness of a few tens of μm is obtained by sintering tape-casted NVP added with 5 wt% glass at 920 °C, which exhibits a total conductivity of 2.9 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature. A Pt | NVP sheet | Pt cell works as a tiny solid-state battery with a cell potential of 1.7 V, in which NVP acts as both cathode and anode active materials via redox reactions of V4+/V3+ and V3+/V2+ as well as a Na+ ion conducting electrolyte between the two electrode layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]