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Residential consumers have electrical and thermal loads. Therefore they can be utilized hybrid thermal and electrical energy systems to procure their required energy. In the proposed system, in order to supply residential loads, a hybrid energy system (HES) is proposed which consists of photovoltaic/solid oxide fuel cell/thermal and electrical storages/boiler. Also, the uncertain parameters such as thermal and electrical loads, electricity market price, and solar irradiation are considered in the stochastic formulation. Uncertain parameters can be led to financial risks in the system operation. In order to measure imposed risks, in this paper, a novel risk management method called downside risk constraints method is used to model the financial risks imposed from the uncertain parameters. According to obtained results, the operator of the hybrid energy system by utilization of the downside risk constraints method has obtained a strategy that is scenario independent. In other words, the downside risk constraints method by minimizing the imposed risks introduced a zero-risk strategy which operation cost would not increase by changing the scenario. Results are shown that system operators by paying 1.3% more expected cost ($ 40.22 instead of $ 39.69), can make its operation independent of the scenario. Also, risk-based operational strategies of the proposed hybrid energy system are reported in the results as graphical results. The proposed risk-measurement operation problem of the designed hybrid energy system is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and modeled by GAMS software using CPLEX solver. • Optimal operation of fuel cell/PV/battery/grid hybrid energy system is studied. • Optimal operation of hybrid energy system considering demand response program. • Uncertainties of thermal and electrical demands, electricity price is modeled via stochastic optimization. • Use of downside risk constraints method to model the imposed risks from the uncertain parameters. • Operational risk-averse and risk-neutral strategy of the proposed hybrid energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Kauffman is an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus that is widely distributed in the world. In this study, the mitogenome of H. russula was sequenced and assembled. The mitogenome of H. russula is composed of circular DNA molecules, with a total size of 55,769 bp. Further analysis indicated that the frequent use of A and T in codons contributes to the high AT content (80.87%) in the H. russula mitogenome. Comparative analysis indicated that the length and base composition of the core protein-encoding genes, and the number of tRNA genes in the H. russula mitogenome varied from that of other Agaricales mitogenomes. Gene arrangement analysis revealed a novel gene order in the H. russula mitogenome. In addition, the expansion of the mitogenome in Agaricales was found to be closely related to the increase in the number of introns. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined mitochondrial gene set showed strong support for tree topologies, and H. russula was determined to be relatively distant from other Agaricales species. This study is the first report on the mitogenome of a member of genus Hygrophorus as well as family Hygrophoraceae , which improves our understanding of mitochondrial differentiation and evolution in the important ectomycorrhizal fungi Hygrophorus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lyophyllum decastes and Lyophyllum shimeji are the two primary species within the L. decastes complex, and they differ considerably in their nutritional lifestyles and preferred growth environments. However, differences in their mitogenomes have not yet been investigated. In this study, the mitogenomes of the two species were sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology, successfully assembled, and compared. The two mitogenomes of L. decastes and L. shimeji comprised circular DNA molecules of sizes 50,643 bp and 73,678 bp, respectively. The lengths and base compositions of their core protein coding genes (PCGs) and tRNA genes varied considerably between the two mitogenomes. Further, gene collinearity analysis indicated a large-scale gene rearrangement between the two mitogenomes. Of the 15 core PCGs, the genetic distance of the atp9 gene was the smallest between the two species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved in the two Lyophyllum species. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined mitochondrial gene dataset resulted in a well-supported topology, wherein the two Lyophyllum species were most closely related to Tricholoma matsutake. This study represents the first report of mitogenomes for the Lyophyllum genus. As such, the results will provide a basis for understanding the differentiation and evolution of mitogenomes in the Lyophyllum genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lactarius is one of the most prominent genera of mushroom-forming fungi in the world. In the present study, complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from six Lactarius species were sequenced and assembled. The six mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, with total lengths ranging from 38,445 bp to 60,843 bp. The GC contents, GC skews, and AT skews of the mitogenomes varied among the six species. Mitogenomic synteny analysis revealed the presence of gene rearrangements among the mitogenomes. Among the 15 core protein coding genes (PCGs) within the mitogenomes, nad4L exhibited the least genetic distance among species, indicating a high degree of conservation. In addition, the Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were <1, suggesting that they were subject to purifying selection. Comparative analyses indicated that the increase of intron numbers and sizes contributed to the expansion of mitogenomes in Lactarius. Phylogenetic analyses based on three combined gene datasets yielded identical and well-supported (BPP ≥ 0.83) topologies, dividing the six Lactarius species into two groups. This study provides the first report of mitogenomes from Lactarius and promotes further understanding of the genetics, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships of this important ectomycorrhizal fungal genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of six Russula species were sequenced using next generation sequencing. The six mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, with lengths ranging from 40,961 bp to 69,423 bp. The length and number of protein coding genes (PCGs), GC content, AT skew, and GC skew varied among the six mitogenomes. The increased number and total size of introns likely contributed to the size expansion of mitogenomes in some Russula species. Gene synteny analysis revealed some gene rearrangements among the six mitochondrial genomes. The nad4L gene had the lowest K2P genetic distance of the 15 core PCGs among the six Russula species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved. The Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were <1, suggesting that they were all subject to purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on two gene datasets (15 core PCGs, and 15 core PCGs + rnl + rns) recovered identical and well-supported trees. In addition, cox1 was identified as a potential single-gene molecular marker for the phylogenetic analysis of relationships among Agaricomycetes species. This study provides the first report of mitogenomes from the Russulaceae family and facilitates the investigation of population genetics and evolution of other ectomycorrhizal fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Cr(VI)-resistant bacterium LYB-23 was isolated from waste chromium residues in Sichuan and identified as Bacillus velezensis. The chromium tolerance of LYB-23 was improved by domestication (continuously increasing the chromium concentration in the medium from 60 to 200 mg/L). Subsequently, we screened a mutant strain, B. velezensis SA-23, using atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis for 90 s based on the domesticated strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration of B. velezensis on chromium increased from 80 mg/L for the original strain to 200 mg/L for the domesticated strain and to 400 mg/L for the mutant strain. The Cr(VI) reduction experiment results show that SA-23 can completely reduce 100 mg/L Cr(VI) within 24 h, and the reduction rate of 200 mg/L Cr(VI) reached 78.45% within 72 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that ARTP mutagenesis did not change the type of functional groups on the surface of bacteria after reductive adsorption of Cr(VI) and the crystalline state of Cr(III); however, mutagenesis changed the biological morphology of bacteria and greatly enhanced the role of phosphate groups in the process of adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). This experiment for the first time used the combined domestication and ARTP mutagenesis to effectively improve the tolerance of bacteria to Cr(VI) and their reduction adsorption efficiency, which proved to be an efficient method for the breeding of environmental remediation engineering bacteria and for promoting the application of microbial remediation. [Display omitted] • The MIC of LYB-23 for Cr(VI) increased from 80 to 200 mg/L after domestication. • A mutant strain SA-23 was screened with MIC of 400 mg/L to Cr(VI). • The reduction rate of 200 mg/L Cr(VI) by SA-23 reached 78.45% within 72 h. • Mutagenesis significantly enhanced the function of phosphate groups of SA-23. • This study established a new breeding method of environmental remediation bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is dedicated to explore the transient coupled thermoelasticity solution of the FG-GPLRC multi-curved composite panel subjected to thermal shock for the first time. Time dependent equations of motion within the context of theory of elasticity are formulated and analytically solved by means of Navier approach. The temperature gradient is acquaried by employing the energy balance equation for the composite cylindrical panel subjected to thermal shock at its outer surface and thermally isolated at its inner surface. The time history of deflections, stresses and temperature are acquired by applying modified format of Dubner's and Abate's technique to inverse the Laplace transform. The effective thermoelastic properties of the composite are calculated according to correlations presented by modified form of Halpin-Tsai micromechanics. The numerical results of this study are compared with those recorded in the associated high-quality sources to verify their accuracy. The thorough parametric exploration is executed to analyze the role of various items like mid-radius to thickness ratio, distribution patterns and weight fraction of GPL in the transient coupled thermoelasticity response of FG-GPLRC multi-curved composite panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a cadmium-tolerant bacterium, Enterobacter ludwigii LY6, was isolated from cadmium-contaminated soil in Shifang, Sichuan province, China. The cadmium chloride removal rate of the strain LY6 with a treatment of 100 mg/L cadmium chloride reached 56.0%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that exopolysaccharides (EPS) might be the main means of cadmium adsorption by the strain. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses indicated that cadmium sulfide nanoparticles formed on the surface of bacteria cultured in a medium containing 100 mg/L cadmium chloride. In addition, the expression of several genes increased with the increase of the cadmium concentration in the medium, including the multiple antibiotic resistance proteins marA and marR, and the cold shock protein CspA. GO functions, such as the redox activity, respiratory chain and transport functions, and KEGG pathways involved in "bacterial chemotaxis" and "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis" were found to be closely related to bacterial cadmium tolerance and biosorption. This is the first report that E. ludwigii can reduce sulfate to form cadmium sulfide nanoparticles under high concentration cadmium exposure. The genes related to cadmium tolerance identified in this study lay a foundation for the genetic breeding of cadmium-tolerant strains. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were found to form on the surface of bacteria cultured in a medium containing 100 mg/L cadmium chloride, which contributes to the excellent heavy metal tolerance of E. ludwigii LY6. Image 1 • Cadmium removal rate of the Enterobacter ludwigii LY6 could reach 56.0%. • Exopolysaccharides might be the main means of cadmium adsorption. • Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles formed on the surface of E. ludwigii. • Multiple antibiotic resistance proteins were closely related to cadmium tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Monte Carlo method is suitable to use for the problems of turbomolecular pumps (TMPs). This method has three calculation models, namely, the 2D, ideal 3D, and real 3D models. Theoretically, real 3D models demonstrate the real geometry of TMP and should be more accurate than 2D and ideal 3D models. In this study, a simple modified algorithm of a real 3D model based on that of Amoli et al. is used to calculate the maximum compression ratio K max of a single-stage TMP in both the free molecular and transitional flow regimes. When the upstream and downstream areas are added to the calculation domain and are sufficiently large to ensure that the velocity distribution of incident molecules near the inlet and outlet of the blade area is close to the real condition, calculation results are quite accurate compared with the experiment data reported by Sawada and are much better than those reported by other previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]