Search

The clinical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging. We developed copper sulfate (CuS)/disulfiram (DSF)/methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanoplatform (CuS/DSF/EL/PVP) and evaluated its efficiency for treating IBD. After oral administration, the pH-sensitive EL protected the CuS/DSF/EL/PVP against degradation by acidic gastric juices. Once the colon was reached, EL was dissolved, releasing DSF and Cu2+. Further, the main in vivo metabolite of DSF can bind to Cu2+ and form copper (II) N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate (CuET), which significantly alleviated acute colitis in mice. Notably, CuS/DSF/EL/PVP outperformed CuS/EL/PVP and DSF/EL/PVP nanoplatforms in reducing colonic pathology and improving the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines (such as IL-4 and IL-10) in the colonic mucosa. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the nanoplatform reduced colonic inflammation and promoted intestinal mucosal repair by upregulating C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-related genes and signaling pathways. Furthermore, CuS/DSF/EL/PVP showed potential for improving colitis Th1/Th17 cells through innate immunity stimulation, down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the intervention with CuS/DSF/EL/PVP led to increased intestinal flora diversity, decreased Escherichia–Shigella abundance, and elevated levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria Prevotella, Lactobacillus , and Bifidobacterium , indicating their potential to modulate the dysregulated intestinal flora and suppress inflammation. Our study introduces the CuS/DSF/EL/PVP nanoplatform as a therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This approach demonstrates significant efficacy in targeting the colon and alleviating acute colitis in mice. It uniquely modulates gut immunity and microbiota, exhibiting a notable impact on inflammation-related cytokines and promoting intestinal mucosal repair. The nanoplatform's ability to regulate gut flora diversity, combined with its cost-effective and scalable production, positions it as a potentially transformative treatment for IBD, offering new avenues for personalized medical interventions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The clinical translation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine has been greatly exploited. With the merits of high surface area to volume ratio, facile control of components, well retained topography, and the capacity to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), nanofibers have received a great deal of attention as bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Electrospinning has been considered as an efficient approach for scale-up fabrication of nanofibrous materials. Electrospun nanofibers are capable of stimulating cell–matrix interaction to form a cell niche, directing cellular behavior, and promoting the MSCs adhesion and proliferation. In this review, we give a comprehensive literature survey on the mechanisms of electrospun nanofibers in supporting the MSCs differentiation. Specifically, the influences of biological and physical osteogenic inductive cues on the MSCs osteogenic differentiation are reviewed. Along with the significant advances in the field, current research challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. Graphical Abstract This review gives a comprehensive literature survey on the mechanisms of electrospun nanofibers in supporting the MSCs differentiation. The influences of chemical or physical osteogenic inductive cues on the MSCs osteogenic differentiation are reviewed. Along with the significant advances in the field, current research challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. Image 1 Highlights • The application potentials of various kinds of electrospun nanofibers used for MSCs-based bone tissue engineering were summarized. • Inorganic inductive materials with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties could alter the mechanical property of electrospun nanofibers, which could be then converted to biochemical signals that are able to active the osteogenic differentiation. • Organic cues could be encapsulated by electrospun nanofibers and their release from the nanofiber matrix could be controlled to a sustained release manner so as to realize a better osteogenic differentiation outcome. • Topological cues included fiber diameter, pores, orientation, patterns and other stimuli such as the mechanical property and surface conductivity could direct the cell growth along the aligned nanofiber orientation or micropattern direction to present different cell shapes, which were conductive for specific differentiation of MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been receiving great attention as NIR photothermal transducing agent in tumor photothermal therapy. Keeping in mind the low efficiency of the conventional top-down exfoliated 2D TMDs and the complexity of their surface modifications, we herein proposed a bottom-up strategy for the one-pot hydrothermal and controlled synthesis of surface polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) modified WS 2 nanosheets. The material design was based on the chelating-coordinating effect between the lone pair electrons of oxygen of PVP carbonyl group and the unoccupied orbital (5d orbitals) of tungsten. The WS 2 nanosheets with synchronous surface PVP grafting showed an excellent photothermal conversion performance, while the surface anchored PVP guaranteed its colloidal stability. Moreover, the strong X-ray attenuation ability and near-infrared (NIR) absorbance of WS 2 -PVP 360kDa enabled the sensitive in vitro and in vivo computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging. The WS 2 -PVP 360kDa nanosheets were biocompatible and exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo anti -cancer efficacy. Findings in this report may greatly promote the design of colloidal stable and biocompatible 2D TMDs and their future clinical translations. Statement of Significance. A bottom-up strategy for the one-pot and controlled synthesis of surface polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) modified WS 2 nanosheets was proposed for the first time. By hydrothermally treating the mixture solution of tetrathiotungstate and PVP, Owing to the chelating-coordinating effect between the lone pair electrons of oxygen of PVP carbonyl group and the unoccupied orbital (5d orbitals) of tungsten, PVP was synchronously graphed on WS 2 -PVP nanosheets surface. The formed WS 2 -PVP nanosheets were colloidal stable, biocompatible, and exhibited promising computed tomography, photoacoustic imaging and tumor photothermal therapy efficacy both in vitro and in vivo . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, particularly MoS 2 nanosheets, have been deemed as a novel category of NIR photothermal transducing agent. Herein, an efficient and versatile one-pot solvothermal synthesis based on “bottom-up” strategy has been, for the first time, proposed for the controlled synthesis of PEGylated MoS 2 nanosheets by using a novel “integrated” precursor containing both Mo and S elements. This facile but unique PEG-mediated solvothermal procedure endowed MoS 2 nanosheets with controlled size, increased crystallinity and excellent colloidal stability. The photothermal performance of nanosheets was optimized via modulating the particulate size and surface PEGylation. PEGylated MoS 2 nanosheets with desired photothermal conversion performance and excellent colloidal and photothermal stability were further utilized for highly efficient photothermal therapy of cancer in a tumor-bearing mouse xenograft. Without showing observable in vitro and in vivo hemolysis, coagulation and toxicity, the optimized MoS 2 -PEG nanosheets showed promising in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report a facile approach to fabricating electrospun drug-loaded organic/inorganic hybrid nanofibrous system for antibacterial applications. In this study, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) particles loaded with a model drug, amoxicillin (AMX) were dispersed into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution to form electrospun hybrid nanofibers. The loading of AMX onto n-HA surfaces (AMX/n-HA) and the formation of AMX/n-HA/PLGA composite nanofibers were characterized using different techniques. We show that AMX can be successfully adsorbed onto the n-HA surface and the formed AMX/n-HA/PLGA composite nanofibers have a uniform and smooth morphology with improved mechanical durability. Cell viability assay and cell morphology observation reveal that the formed AMX/n-HA/PLGA composite nanofibers are cytocompatible. Importantly, the loaded AMX within the n-HA/PLGA hybrid nanofibers shows a sustained release profile and a non-compromised activity to inhibit the growth of a model bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. With the significantly reduced burst-release profile, good cytocompatibility, improved mechanical durability, as well as the remained antibacterial activity, the developed AMX/n-HA/PLGA composite nanofibers should find various potential applications in the fields of tissue engineering and pharmaceutical science. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report the fabrication of a novel carbon nanotube-containing nanofibrous polysaccharide scaffolding material via the combination of electrospinning and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly techniques for tissue engineering applications. In this approach, electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were assembled with positively charged chitosan (CS) and negatively charged multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or sodium alginate (ALG) via a LbL technique. We show that the 3-dimensional fibrous structures of the CA nanofibers do not appreciably change after the multilayered assembly process except that the surface of the fibers became much rougher than that before assembly. The incorporation of MWCNTs in the multilayered CA fibrous scaffolds tends to endow the fibers with improved mechanical property and promote fibroblast attachment, spreading, and proliferation when compared with CS/ALG multilayer-assembled fibrous scaffolds. The approach to engineering the nanofiber surfaces via LbL assembly likely provides many opportunities for new scaffolding materials design in various tissue engineering applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • MXene-based nanofibrous membrane for the multi-modal antibacterial applications. • The nanofibrous membranes can control the release of antibiotics. • Hyperthermia can destroy bacteria and further promote AMX release. • The nanofibrous membrane as a physical barrier promotes the wound healing. Featured with a three-dimensional network structure, electrostatic spinning nanofibrous membranes can maintain the hygroscopic balance in the wound place and promote the wound healing, thus have been extensively studied as a promising wound healing dressing. In this study, amoxicillin (AMX), MXene, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were mixed and electrospun into an antibacterial nanofibrous membrane (MXene-AMX-PVA nanofibrous membrane). In the composite nanofibrous membrane, the PVA matrix could control the release of AMX to combat bacterial infection, while the MXene could transform the near-infrared laser into heat, leading to local hyperthermia to promote the AMX release. Meanwhile, the local hyperthermia could also destroy the noncellular components of bacteria and synergistically cause the bacterial inactivation. The bacteriostatic activity and wound healing ability of the composite nanofibrous membrane were systematically verified on the S. aureus in vitro and the S. aureus -infected mouse skin defect model in vivo. This membrane not only functioned as a physical barrier to co-load the AMX and MXene, but also exhibited the high antibacterial and accelerated wound healing capacity, which will advance the design of novel wound healing dressings and antibacterial strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]