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Recent studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) demonstrate that there is aberrant regional spontaneous brain activity in obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Nevertheless, the results of previous studies are contradictory, especially in the abnormal brain regions and the directions of their activities. It is necessary to perform a meta-analysis to identify the common pattern of altered regional spontaneous brain activity in patients with OCD. The present study conducted a systematic search for studies in English published up to May 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. These studies measured differences in regional spontaneous brain activity at the whole brain level using regional homogeneity (ReHo), the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF). Then the Anisotropic effect-size version of seed-based d mapping (AES-SDM) was used to investigate the consistent abnormality of regional spontaneous brain activity in patients with OCD. 27 studies (33 datasets) were included with 1256 OCD patients (650 males, 606 females) and 1176 healthy controls (HCs) (588 males, 588 females). Compared to HCs, patients with OCD showed increased spontaneous brain activity in the right inferior parietal gyrus (Brodmann Area 39), left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri (Brodmann Area 24), bilateral inferior cerebellum, right middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann Area 46), left inferior frontal gyrus in triangular part (Brodmann Area 45) and left middle frontal gyrus in orbital part (Brodmann Area 11). Meanwhile, decreased spontaneous brain activity was identified in the right precentral gyrus (Brodmann Area 4), right insula (Brodmann Area 48), left postcentral gyrus (Brodmann Area 43), bilateral superior cerebellum and left caudate (Brodmann Area 25). This meta-analysis provided a quantitative review of spontaneous brain activity in OCD. The results demonstrated that the brain regions in the frontal lobe, sensorimotor cortex, cerebellum, caudate and insula are crucially involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. This research contributes to the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying OCD and could provide a new perspective on future diagnosis and treatment of OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of Pt doping on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological property of the CrN coating. Results showed that this CrN coating exhibited a loose columnar texture and a rough surface with a high Ra value of 3.07 ± 0.035 nm. A prominent coherent growth within the grain appeared in this coating, which provides strong bond strength of coating texture resulting in a high H/E ratio of 0.083. This CrN coating showed an unidirection scratch fracture, but also possessed good wear resistance with a smooth wear track. Pt doping induced a nearly single preferential growth of (200) plane, and resulted in a dense columnar texture and a smooth surface. The Ra value was 2.71 ± 0.285 nm for the CrN–Pt 9.55 coating, and decreased to 1.04 ± 0.14 nm for the CrN–Pt 17.73 coating. However, Pt atoms greatly blocked the coherent growth within the grain, and further degraded the bond strength of coating texture. The CrN–Pt 9.55 coating showed serious multidirection scratch fracture, but also experienced severe wear accompanied with numerous cracks and adhesive debris. In contrast, the hindrance effect and mechanical degradation were further strengthened with the increase of Pt doping content. This CrN–Pt 17.73 coating suffered from most severe fracture damage and debris adhesion during the scratch and sliding wear tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have garnered considerable attention as a low-energy and low-carbon footprint treatment technology. With an increasing number of scholars focusing on AnMBR research, its outstanding performance in the field of water treatment has gradually become evident. However, the primary obstacle to the widespread application of AnMBR technology lies in membrane fouling, which leads to reduced membrane flux and increased energy demand. To ensure the efficient and long-term operation of AnMBRs, effective control of membrane fouling is imperative. Nevertheless, the interactions between various fouling factors are complex, making it challenging to predict the changes in membrane fouling. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the fouling factors in AnMBRs is necessary to establish a theoretical basis for subsequent membrane fouling control in AnMBR applications. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of membrane fouling issues in AnMBR applications, particularly focusing on fouling factors and fouling control. By delving into the mechanisms behind membrane fouling in AnMBRs, this review offers valuable insights into mitigating membrane fouling, thus enhancing the lifespan of membrane components in AnMBRs and identifying potential directions for future AnMBR research. [Display omitted] • Elevated concentrations of ammonia and phosphate accelerate fouling in AnMBR. • Membrane type and structure are crucial in regulating fouling in AnMBR systems. • Modifications and cleaning are essential for the maintenance of AnMBR. • Effective AnMBR performance necessitates comprehensive fouling management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A general FEM for nonlinear heat conduction with temperature-dependent properties and boundary conditions is developed. • The internal nonlinearity of FEM induced by derivatives of temperature-dependent terms is revealed in general FEM. • The induced nonlinearity terminates the equivalence of Galerkin residual and variational analyses. • The general FEM is adopted as local refinement of governing equation in pursuit for efficiency. In simulation of heat conduction with temperature-independent physical properties and boundary conditions (BCs), Galerkin residual analysis and variational analysis yield equivalent finite element method (FEM), the conventional FEM. However, if the properties and BCs are temperature-dependent, it is discovered that their derivatives further induce nonlinearity of FEM which consequently generates divergence between the two analyses. A general FEM, extension of variational analysis, is derived as general form of conventional FEM modeling nonlinear heat conduction. Numerical examples demonstrate that the general FEM produces results with considerably higher accuracy and stability and also possesses higher performances on conforming with both two analyses. Since general FEM degenerates to conventional FEM if derivatives are of small-amplitude or zero and its direct implementation to the entire domain is costive, general FEM is alternatively utilized as local refinement of governing equation only to points with significant derivatives. The strategy of local refinement is optimized to enhance efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epileptic seizures are frequently the first symptom in glioma patients. However, the causal relationship between glioma and epilepsy is not yet fully understood, as it cannot be explained solely by tumor mass effect or peritumoral factors. In this study, we retrospectively enrolled 320 patients with grade 2–4 glioma who received treatment between January 2019 and July 2022, and explored the biomarkers of seizure occurrence and seizure outcome prediction using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Our results showed that IDH1 R132H mutation was an independent risk factor for seizure occurrence in lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients (OR = 4.915, 95%CI = 1.713 – 14.103, P = 0.003). Additionally, IDH1 R132H mutation predicted higher seizure-free ratios in LGG patients with intact ATRX expression (OR = 6.793, 95%CI = 1.217 – 37.923, P = 0.029) one year after diagnosis. Therefore, our findings suggest that IDH1 mutation can predict seizure occurrence and control in LGG patients, providing further insights into the relationship between glioma and epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chylous ascites (CA) is a rare form of ascites that results from the leakage of lipid-rich lymph into the peritoneal cavity. In infants, CA is mostly caused by lymphatic malformation or unknown reasons. The creation of a shunt for the lymphorrhea is the last option for patients unresponsive to all other conservative treatments. Localization of the leakage is a critical problem during surgery. We applied a carbon nanoparticle suspension (CNS) in CA patients to locate the external lymphatic leakage and evaluated its utility during surgery. Twelve infants with CA were treated in our center recently. Ten patients received laparotomy, one refused therapy, and one was cured after undergoing conservative treatment. Recently, two infants with CA received CNS in the visceral peritoneum during laparotomy. The results of the traditional procedure were compared to our innovative technique for CA to evaluate the use of CNS in treating CA. The features of the baseline data did not differ substantially. Location of the leakage with CNS was employed in 2 of the 10 patients whose lymphatic leakages were identified with the resolution of the refractory CA. Overall, in 5 patients, ascites was resolved successfully. The refractory CA was resolved more effectively in patients in whom the leakage site was identified with CNS than in patients in whom the leakage site could not be identified under conventional surgery. Injecting CNS improved the accuracy of lymphorrhagia leakage site identification and the outcomes of infants who underwent surgical treatment for refractory CA. II–III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Concerns about the impact of open surgery for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) have driven interest in minimally invasive techniques. Stereo-electro-encephalography guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SEEG guided RF-TC) offers an alternative choice but with currently limited efficacy. We developed a procedure for optimally extended thermocoagulative lesions and investigated the efficacy and safety for MTLE-HS in a preliminary observational study.Methods: From June 2016 to August 2017, twenty-two patients were selected for the present study. They met the criteria of unilateral MTLE-HS after noninvasive evaluation and then underwent implantation of a combination of SEEG electrodes to form a high-density focal stereo-array, including one electrode along the long axis of amygdalohippocampal complex and three orthogonal electrodes to widely sample mesial temporal structures. A unilateral epileptogenic zone of mesial temporal structures was confirmed in these 21 patients. SEEG-guided bipolar coagulations were performed between two contiguous contacts of the same electrode, or between two adjacent contacts of different electrodes.Results: Surgical procedures were well tolerated, with no related complications. At the follow-up of 12 months, 20 patients (95.2%) experienced a >90% decrease in seizure frequency and 16 patients (76.2%) were free of disabling seizures (Engel class I). Among them, eight (38.1%) were classified as Engel class Ia and the other eight (38.1%) as Engel class Ib. Four others (19%) had rare disabling seizures (Engel class II). Only one (4.8%) experienced an Engel class III outcome.Conclusion: Optimized SEEG-guided RF-TC is a promising complementary option for the treatment of MTLE-HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Silica nanotubes (SNTs) were coated on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form SNTs@CNTs core–shell hybrids, which is an ingenious and rigorous method to study the effect of CNTs for improving thermal stability of composites. SNTs@CNTs, CNTs, SNTs were introduced to silicone rubber (SR) and the different composites were tested and analyzed. The difference in the properties of SR-based composites leads us to get the specific mechanism that CNTs improve thermal stability of composites. This work reveals the mechanism on CNTs improving thermal stability of composites systematically and detailedly for the first time. The theoretical research provides an efficient guideline for further studying CNTs to improve properties of composites. Moreover, SNTs@CNTs/SR composites are also valuable in engineering applications. Experimental results show that the properties of SNTs@CNTs/SR are much better than CNTs/SR. Especially the initial thermal degradation temperature (T i) of SNTs@CNTs/SR composites is 41 °C higher than that of SR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Floating Node Method (FNM), first developed for modeling the fracture behavior of laminate composites, is here combined with a domain-based interaction integral approach for the generic fracture modeling of quasi-brittle materials from crack nucleation, propagation to final failure. In this framework, FNM is used to represent the kinematics of cracks, crack tips and material interfaces in the mesh. The values of stress intensity factor are obtained from the FNM solution using domain-based interaction integral approach. To demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method, four benchmark examples of fracture mechanics are considered. Predictions obtained with the current numerical framework compare well against literature/theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs) are becoming a development trend of new vehicles. Energy management is one of the core problems in REEVs. The structure and control method of the auxiliary power unit (APU) is determined based on the configuration analysis in this paper. An energy management optimization problem is proposed to solve the power distributions of APUs and batteries in the charge-sustaining (CS) stage of REEVs, which are determined by dynamic programming and pseudo-spectral optimal control, respectively. The results show that different limits of the APU power changing rate significantly influence fuel consumption. To obtain the power changing rate of APUs and to evaluate the energy management optimization method of REEVs, a model of the APU control system is built and verified by a platform test; the dynamic response characteristics and control parameters of the APU are obtained by step-changing conditions. Two types of strategies for tracking APU power are proposed for different power changing rates, and the fuel consumption of REEVs is analyzed in four types of driving cycles. The effect on fuel consumption caused by the power changing rate of the APU is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in the development of real-time ice-ship or ice-structure interaction simulators based on theoretical ice sheet bending failure models. The initial ice-structure interaction process is commonly idealized as a bending failure of semi-infinite ice sheets. Existing theoretical models either assume a breaking pattern of radial-before-circumferential cracking, or that of a circumferential-before-radial cracking. However, field observations indicate that the breaking pattern depends on various factors. For generic applications of real-time simulators, the determination of breaking patterns is thus an essential first step towards reasonable ice load predictions. This paper addresses the current research gap by considering a normalized formulation of the ice sheet bending failure. The locations and orientations of the maximum principal stresses at the upper and bottom surfaces of a semi-infinite ice sheet are obtained, from which the criterion for breaking pattern determinations is determined. It is found that factors such as large structure waterline curvature radii, small ice thicknesses, large ice flexural strengths, and small ice compressive strengths induce a breaking pattern of circumferential-before-radial cracking. Conversely, small structure waterline curvature radii, large ice thicknesses, small ice flexural strengths, and large ice compressive strengths result in a breaking pattern of radial-before-circumferential cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice-breaking cones were installed on several vertical jacket structures to reduce severe ice-induced vibrations in the Bohai Sea, China. The failure mode of the ice sheet loading at the junction of the upward and downward breaking cones is our most concern due to the worry that the crushing failure mode may arise at the junction of the upward and downward breaking cones which has much larger diameter than the original vertical leg. Based on field observation and field data the failure mode of the ice sheet loading at the junction of the upward and downward breaking cones is described, and the fracture process is explained by subsequent analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to investigate the dynamic ice forces acting on compliant jacket platforms and to guarantee the platform safety in the Bohai Sea, an extensive measuring system is planned and installed on several prototype structures, which consists of: (1) specially designed load panels to detect dynamic ice forces of high fluctuating frequencies; (2) suitable sensors to measure structure topside's acceleration or displacement; (3) high-definition video cameras to record videos of ice, which are employed to observe the ice–structure interaction phenomenon and to calculate ice thickness/velocity; and (4) meteorological station to record corresponding information like air temperature, wind speed and direction etc. All the signals from different devices are concurrently processed and stored into a central computer. The measuring system has provided fruitful information for the research of dynamic ice force. Meanwhile the structural acceleration response prediction model and the platform safety guarantee system in the Bohai Sea were established based on the measuring system. Some typical events and results are shown in the paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A flow-mixing isothermal microcalorimeter has been used to determine the excess molar enthalpies for five binary systems of diethyl malonate+ (1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-pentanol, n-heptane, and ethyl acetate) at T= (288.2, 298.2, 313.2, 328.2, 338.2, and 348.2K) and p =101.3kPa. The values increase with increasing temperature. The experimental data have been correlated by the Redlich–Kister equation and two local composition models (NRTL and UNIQUAC). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Bazedoxifene (BZA), a new selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) was recently approved in Europe for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Combination therapy using BZA and conjugated estrogens (CE) is currently in late stage development representing a new paradigm for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis. A GeneChip microarray study was designed to compare gene expression profiles of BZA to that of other SERMs, raloxifene (RAL) and lasofoxifene (LAS). In addition, we compared the gene expression profiles of the three SERMs in combination with CE, a mixture of 10 most abundant estrogens present in Premarin. According to the hierarchical clustering heat map analysis, gene clusters that specifically responded to CE treatments or SERM treatments were identified and gene lists sorted based on a set of cutoff filters. A group of genes differentially regulated by CE were also identified to be antagonized by BZA when comparing CE with the BZA+CE treatment. All three SERMs showed significant antagonistic effect against CE-stimulated cell proliferation, based on the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay and GeneChip data, with the order of antagonist activity being BZA>RAL>LAS. These results indicate that SERMs in combination with CE exhibit differential pharmacology, and therefore, combinations of other SERMs and estrogen preparations may not yield the same effects that are observed in clinic by pairing BZA with CE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactors (AFMBR) has attracted growing interest as an emerging wastewater treatment technology towards energy recovery from wastewater. AFMBR combines the advantages of anaerobic digestion and membrane bioreactors and shows great potential in overcoming limiting factors such as membrane fouling and low efficiency in treating low-strength wastewater such as domestic sewage. In AFMBR, the fluidized media performs significant role in reducing the membrane fouling, as well as improving the anaerobic microbial activity of AFMBRs. Despite extensive research aimed at mitigating membrane fouling in AFMBR, there has yet to emerge a comprehensive review focusing on strategies for controlling membrane fouling with an emphasis on low energy consumption. Thus, this work overviews the recent progress of AFMBR by summarizing the factors of membrane fouling and energy consumption in AFMBR, and provides targeted in-depth analysis of energy consumption related to membrane fouling control. Additionally, future development directions for AFMBR are also outlooked, and further promotion of AFMBR engineering application is expected. By shedding light on the relationship between energy consumption and membrane fouling control, this review offers a useful information for developing new AFMBR processes with an improved efficiency, low membrane fouling and low energy consumption, and encourages more research efforts and technological advancements in the domain of AFMBR. [Display omitted] • Comprehensive analysis of the superiority of AFMBR. • Analyses the interaction between energy consumption and membrane fouling control. • Review of energy saving strategies for AFMBR with membrane fouling control. • Enables innovative AFMBR processes reducing fouling and energy use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gradually implicit method with deferred correction (GIMDC) and adaptive relaxation factors (ARFs) is developed for simulation to nonlinear heat transfer with temperature-dependent properties. GIMDC is equivalent to explicit method initially and approaches implicit method gradually. The theoretical analyses of convergence, error and stability indicate that the accuracy and stability of GIMDC are close to implicit method if ARFs are utilized to guarantee convergence. A strict condition for ARFs is derived. GIMDC is compared with PEM (pure explicit method), NIM (Newton iterative method for implicit solution) and FEM (finite element method) which shows that GIMDC is of acceptable numerical accuracy (similar to NIM and 19.28% and 12.89% higher than PEM and FEM respectively in average) and higher efficiency. The numerical tests are presented which shows that using optimized ARFs (confined by strict condition), efficiency, accuracy and stability are ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Riverine microplastic (MP) discharge into the ocean contributes greatly to global MP contamination, yet our understanding of this process remains primitive. To deepen our interpretation of the dynamic MP variation throughout the estuarine water columns, we sampled at Xuliujing, the saltwater intrusion node of the Yangtze River Estuary, over the course of ebb and flood tides in four seasons (July and October 2017, January and May 2018 respectively). We observed that the collision of downstream and upstream currents contributed to the high MP concentration and that the mean MP abundance fluctuated with the tide. A model of microplastics residual net flux (MPRF-MODEL), taking the seasonal abundance and vertical distribution of MP along with current velocity into consideration, was developed to predict the net flux of MP throughout the full water columns. 2154 ± 359.7 t/year of MP was estimated to flow into the East China Sea via the River in 2017–2018. Our study suggests that riverine MP flux can be overestimated due to reciprocating current carried MP from the estuary. Using the tidal and seasonal variation in MP distribution, we calculated the tide impact factor index (TIFI) for the Yangtze River Estuary to be between 38.11% and 58.05%. In summary, this study provides a baseline of MP flux research in the Yangtze River for similar tidal-controlled rivers and a contextual understanding of how to appropriately sample and accurately estimate in a dynamic estuary system. The redistribution of microplastics may be impacted by complex tide processes. Although not observed in this study, it may merit investigation. • Overestimation of riverine MP flux due to reciprocating estuarine MP • Tidal Impact Factor Index (TIFI) ranges from 38.11% to 58.05% for the Yangtze River Estuary. • Tidal currents and their collision with upstream river flow contribute to MPs suspension in the estuary. • Higher MP abundance during slack tides in tidal cycle. • MPRF-MODEL estimated 2,154 ± 359.7 tons/year of MP from Yangtze River flow to adjacent sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, exhibits a number of pharmacological properties, including potent anti-inflammatory action. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the immunomodulatory effects of curcumin in an animal model of chronic mild stress (CMS). Rats were subjected to CMS protocol for a period of 21days to induce depressive-like behavior. The body weight, sucrose preference and locomotor activity were evaluated. Both RT-PCR and ELISA were used to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Modulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was assessed by western blotting. Chronic treatment with curcumin significantly reversed the CMS-induced behavioral abnormalities (reduced sucrose preference and decreased locomotor activity) in stressed rats. Additionally, curcumin effectively inhibited cytokine gene expression at both the mRNA and the protein level and reduced the activation of NF-κB. The study revealed that curcumin exerted antidepressant-like effects in CMS rats, partially due to its anti-inflammatory aptitude. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An increasing number of anthropogenic pressures can have negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, our understanding of how soil microbial communities and functions in response to multiple global change factors (GCFs) is still incomplete, particularly in less frequently disturbed subsoils. In this study, we examined the impact of different levels of GCFs (0–9) on soil functions and bacterial communities in both topsoils (0–20 cm) and subsoils (20–40 cm) of an agricultural ecosystem, and characterized the intrinsic factors influencing community resistance based on microbial life history strategy. Our experimental results showed a decline in soil multifunctionality, bacterial diversity, and community resistance as the number of GCFs increased, with a more drastic reduction in community resistance of subsoils. Specifically, we observed a significantly positive relationship between the oligotroph/copiotroph ratio and community resistance in subsoils, which was also verified by the negative correlation between 16S rRNA operon (rrn) copy number and community resistance. Structural equation modeling further revealed the direct effects of community resistance in promoting the ecosystem functioning, regardless of top- and subsoils. Therefore, these results suggested that subsoils may recruit more oligotrophic microbes to enhance their originally weaker community resistance under multiple GCFs, which was essential for maintaining sustainable agroecological functions and services. Overall, our study represents a significant advance in linking microbial life history strategy to the resistance of belowground microbial community and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals are highly toxic elements which are persistent in the natural environment, resulting in magnification throughout the food chain, adversely affecting both human and environmental health. Consequently, heavy metal pollution has received widespread research attention. This review assesses the current progress in heavy metal pollution monitoring, management and mitigations, which show a lack of systematic criteria for risk evaluation. Risk assessment and multivariate analysis methods are also discussed. Assessment of risk evaluation and multivariate statistical analysis are the basic step for the treatment technologies choosing. The technique used is always site-specific, and it often combines different strategies. Only by comprehensively considering the contaminated time, the concentration and nature of the contaminant, the soil/water and site characteristics, the contaminant's availability, and the existence of specific regulations can appropriate restoration and treatment plans be formulated. Combinations of GIS and modeling appear to be most effective for analysis of heavy metal pollution risk. In recent years, many physico, chemical and bio technologies have been used to remove heavy metal pollution from water and soil, each having inherent advantages and limitations. So far, no single method is universally effective for the removal of all heavy metals. Combining different technologies can lead to greater efficiency and may provide a reasonable method to conduct inter-governmental, cross-border heavy-metal prevention and monitoring, for the control of anthropogenic pollution sources. Efficient and commercially viable scaled-up heavy metal treatment technologies will yield large benefits to human and environmental health, as well as economic output. This review provides an overview of the currently available methods, to inform researchers and other stakeholders in the prevention of heavy metal pollution of water and soil. • - We assesses progress in heavy metal pollution monitoring, management, and mitigation. • – Combining GIS, remote sensing, and modeling appear most effective for risk analysis. • – Combining treatment technologies is more efficient than using individual methods. • - Scaled-up treatment will benefit human and environmental health and economic output. • – Understanding treatment methods will help stakeholders prevent heavy metal pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban flooding has become an increasingly frequent and fatal natural hazard and numerical modeling techniques play a vital role in its prediction and management. We review urban flood numerical simulations by systematically summarizing the calculation methods of surface runoff, drainage systems, and coupled models. Following the review, accuracy and computational efficiency are found to be the two key areas hindering the quality improvement of urban flood models, so an investigation of the key trends in the improvement of model accuracy and computational efficiency is conducted. It is found that the 1D-2D coupling model, finite volume method, unstructured meshing method, and hybrid parallel computing applications are the most effective strategies. Furthermore, the complex coupling of models and the lack of validation data are still crucial challenges in the development of urban flood modeling. This result can be used as a guideline for hydrologists in choosing the proper method of urban flood numerical simulation according to the task. • The methods and applicability of urban flood numerical simulation are summarized to provide support for related research. • We propose that the urban flood model can be improved in two aspects: accuracy and calculation speed model. • The future development of urban flood numerical simulation tends to be modular with a complex coupling model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a long time of navigation, marine fouling occurs on a ship's hull and propeller, leading to higher frictional resistance of the hull and lower effectual output of the propeller, and it also damages the hull and propeller. Currently, there are extensive studies on robots for underwater cleaning of ship hulls with large areas and relatively regular surfaces. However, robots for underwater cleaning of propellers with complicated spatial surfaces are still in demand. Motivated by this need, a solution for cleaning the propeller by the underwater manipulator is proposed in this study. Coarse registration and iterative closest point fine registration were adopted to improve the propeller's locating accuracy. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II was applied to optimize the trajectory of the B-spline joint to obtain an optimized trajectory that meets the specific requirements of the underwater manipulator. Finally, sliding mode control was adopted for high trajectory tracking. The integrated task of locating, trajectory planning, and control was simulated. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the above methods and the feasibility of the proposed scheme. This study serves as a guideline for further research in the analysis and system design of the underwater manipulator for cleaning propellers. • A solution for cleaning the propeller by the underwater manipulator is proposed. • The coarse registration and ICP fine registration are adopted to improve the locating accuracy of the propeller. • NSGA-II is utilized to optimize the trajectory of the B-spline joint to obtain an optimized trajectory that meets the specific requirements of the manipulator. • Sliding mode control is adopted for high trajectory tracking for the underwater propeller cleaning manipulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]