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Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease. Stroke is a severe manifestation of dengue. However, few large-scale studies have investigated post-dengue risk of stroke. This population-based cohort study included 57,934 newly diagnosed, laboratory-confirmed dengue patients in Taiwan from 2002 to 2015; patients were matched to nondengue individuals by age, sex, and area of residence at a ratio of 1:4 (n = 231,736). We used subdistribution hazard regression to evaluate short-term (≤ 30 days), medium-term (31–365 days), and long-term (1–3 years) risk of stroke after DENV infection. The robustness of the results to unmeasured confounding was assessed with E-values. DENV infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall stroke (aSHR 4.51; 95% CI: 3.23–6.32; P < 0.0001; E-value = 8.49), hemorrhagic stroke (aSHR 4.13; 95% CI: 2.20–7.76; P < 0.0001; E-value =7.73), and ischemic stroke (aSHR 3.80; 95% CI: 2.37–6.11; P < 0.0001; E-value = 7.06) within 30 days. Stratified analysis by age showed that the aSHRs for overall stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke were larger among dengue patients aged ≥ 65 during the first 30 days. The 30-day risks of overall stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke among elderly dengue patients were 6.71, 1.29, and 3.49 per 1000, respectively. No increased risk was observed after 30 days. DENV infection was associated with a significant short-term increased risk of stroke. Clinical practitioners should remain alert to patients with stroke-associated symptoms during epidemic seasons, especially elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Core tensor sparsity of a Tucker-2 model is enhanced in a particular Tucker-3 model. • Orthogonality constraint is imposed on the third mode matrix to remove cross-talks. • The proposed model is solved by ADMM and HQS using tensor flattening method. • The proposed method improves estimations of non-sparse spatial components. • Novel features of cross-subject relationship increase the classification accuracy. The Tucker-2 decomposition model can reveal the intrinsic relationship in three-way multi-subject fMRI data by fully utilizing tensor structural information and also provide spatial and temporal evidences at both individual and shared levels. However, the third mode factor matrix of Tucker-2 model is an identity matrix, resulting in insufficient sparseness of the core tensor. In this work, we propose a method to enhance core tensor sparsity within the Tucker-2 model. More precisely, the proposed method is a relaxed approach for the Tucker-2 model by separating a non-identity factor matrix in the third mode from the core tensor. An orthogonality constraint is imposed on the third mode factor matrix to eliminate cross-talks, in addition to low-rank constraints on other factor matrices and sparsity constraint on spatial maps. We represent the propose model by flattened tensors, and solve the model using alternating direction method of multipliers and half quadratic splitting. The third mode factor matrix is updated by the orthogonal Procrustes solution. We show results from simulated fMRI data, task-related fMRI data, and resting-state fMRI data including patients with schizophrenia and controls. These results highlight the improvement of the proposed method at both shared and individual levels, compared with the sparsity-low rank-constraint Tucker-2 model and the generalized Tucker-3 model. Moreover, we show that we can extract the cross-subject relationship (CSR) from the third mode matrix. The proposed method improves the estimations of non-sparse spatial sources. The novel CSR matrix bring 7% improvement of accuracy when classifying schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • RIPK2 functions a critical role in gastric carcinoma-related cachexia development in mice. • Methylnissolin protects against gastric carcinoma-related cachexia by regulating RIPK2. • RIPK2 overexpression blocks lipid homeostasis and reduces lipid biosynthesis in mice. • Methylnissolin suppresses RIPK2-mediated lipid homeostasis dysfunction and decreased lipid biosynthesis. • RIPK2 overexpression decreases the expression of lipogenesis genes in TgRC mice. • Deactivating ASK1 improves lipid homeostasis and inhibits gastric carcinoma-related cachexia. Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and ranks fifth in incidence and top 5 in tumor-associated mortality. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms contributing to GC development are still unclear, urgently requiring more studies. It has been proposed that the multifunctional regulator receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIPK2) is both a regulator that induces stomach cancer and its complications such as cachexia. However, the potential molecular function of RIPK2 on regulation of GC is largely unknown. Moreover, 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin, a flavonoid derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, exhibits protective effects against cancer, inflammation, and bacterial infections. Unfortunately the antineoplastic mechanism of oral exposure of such flavonoid are poorly understood. It remains unknown whether 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin is capable of mitigating GC progression, and potential molecular mechanism. This study aims to provide mechanistic evidence that the 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin-triggered mitigation of GC by repressing RIPK2 activity and its downstream ASK1 signaling. The TCGA database, GEO database, subjects with GC phenotype and GC cell lines were used in this work. 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin intervention reduces stomach cancer cell migration, proliferation and invasion in vitro. Also, 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin confers protection against tumor growth in xenograft model in vivo. Mechanistically, on the other hand, in the para -carcinoma tissue, overexpression of RIPK2 reduces lipogenesis and disturbs lipid homeostasis. Overexpression of RIPK2 activates downstream signaling of ASK1, which in turn downregulates PPARα, a master regulator of lipid metabolism. This process results in lower lipogenesis and downregulation of a set of PPARα target genes. Astragalus membranaceus naturally produces 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin, a bioactive substance that when suppression of ASK1 by methylnissolin reduces RIPK2-induced GC and its related cachexia and restores lipid homeostasis. These findings offer important new understandings of stomach cancer and could aid in the development of treatment plans for gastric carcinoma and cachexia related to cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human cerebellum emerges as a posterior brain structure integrating neural networks for sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional processing across the lifespan. Developmental studies of the cerebellar anatomy and function are scant. We examine age-dependent MRI morphometry of the anterior cerebellar vermis , lobules I-V and posterior neocortical lobules VI-VII and their relationship to sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Typically developing children (TDC; n=38; age 9–15) and healthy adults (HAC; n=31; 18–40) participated in high-resolution MRI. Rigorous anatomically informed morphometry of the vermis lobules I-V and VI-VII and total brain volume (TBV) employed manual segmentation computer-assisted FreeSurfer Image Analysis Program [ http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ]. The neuropsychological scores (WASI-II) were normalized and related to volumes of anterior, posterior vermis, and TBV. TBVs were age independent. Volumes of I-V and VI-VII were significantly reduced in TDC. The ratio of VI-VII to I-V (∼60%) was stable across age-groups; I-V correlated with visual-spatial-motor skills; VI-VII with verbal, visual-abstract and FSIQ. In TDC neither anterior I-V nor posterior VI-VII vermis attained adult volumes. The "inverted U" developmental trajectory of gray matter peaking in adolescence does not explain this finding. The hypothesis of protracted development of oligodendrocyte/myelination is suggested as a contributor to TDC's lower cerebellar vermis volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout childhood and adolescence, the brain undergoes significant structural and functional changes that contribute to the maturation of multiple cognitive domains, including selective attention. Selective attention is crucial for healthy executive functioning and while key brain regions serving selective attention have been identified, their age-related changes in neural oscillatory dynamics and connectivity remain largely unknown. We examined the developmental sensitivity of selective attention circuitry in 91 typically developing youth aged 6 – 13 years old. Participants completed a number-based Simon task while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG) and the resulting data were preprocessed and transformed into the time-frequency domain. Significant oscillatory brain responses were imaged using a beamforming approach, and task-related peak voxels in the occipital, parietal, and cerebellar cortices were used as seeds for subsequent whole-brain connectivity analyses in the alpha and gamma range. Our key findings revealed developmentally sensitive connectivity profiles in multiple regions crucial for selective attention, including the temporoparietal junction (alpha) and prefrontal cortex (gamma). Overall, these findings suggest that brain regions serving selective attention are highly sensitive to developmental changes during the pubertal transition period. • Selective attention processing is known to be developmentally sensitive. • The Simon task can be used to gauge interference effects on selective attention. • Alpha and gamma oscillations in attention areas are affected by Simon interference. • Interference affects connectivity of these areas with the TPJ and prefrontal cortex. • Development modulates the impact of interference on connectivity between such areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous investigations have characterized the oscillatory dynamics serving working memory in adults, but few have probed its relationship with chronological age in developing youth. We recorded magnetoencephalography during a modified Sternberg verbal working memory task in 82 youth participants aged 6–14 years old. Significant oscillatory responses were identified and imaged using a beamforming approach and the resulting whole-brain maps were probed for developmental effects during the encoding and maintenance phases. Our results indicated robust oscillatory responses in the theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha (8–14 Hz) range, with older participants exhibiting stronger alpha oscillations in left-hemispheric language regions. Older participants also had greater occipital theta power during encoding. Interestingly, there were sex-by-age interaction effects in cerebellar cortices during encoding and in the right superior temporal region during maintenance. These results extend the existing literature on working memory development by showing strong associations between age and oscillatory dynamics across a distributed network. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to link chronological age to alpha and theta oscillatory responses serving working memory encoding and maintenance, both across and between male and female youth; they reveal robust developmental effects in crucial brain regions serving higher order functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neural and cognitive processes underlying the flexible allocation of attention undergo a protracted developmental course with changes occurring throughout adolescence. Despite documented age-related improvements in attentional reorienting throughout childhood and adolescence, the neural correlates underlying such changes in reorienting remain unclear. Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine neural dynamics during a Posner attention-reorienting task in 80 healthy youth (6–14 years old). The MEG data were examined in the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged in anatomical space. During the reorienting of attention, youth recruited a distributed network of regions in the fronto-parietal network, along with higher-order visual regions within the theta (3–7 Hz) and alpha-beta (10–24 Hz) spectral windows. Beyond the expected developmental improvements in behavioral performance, we found stronger theta oscillatory activity as a function of age across a network of prefrontal brain regions irrespective of condition, as well as more limited age- and validity-related effects for alpha-beta responses. Distinct brain-behavior associations between theta oscillations and attention-related symptomology were also uncovered across a network of brain regions. Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate developmental effects in the spectrally-specific neural oscillations serving the flexible allocation of attention. • The development of cortical dynamics supporting attention reorienting were examined. • Theta and alpha-beta range oscillations were observed across a distributed network. • Marked age-related increases in prefrontal theta oscillations were observed. • Greater attention symptomology related to lower theta during attention reorienting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The inverse spectral problem for the interior transmission eigenvalue problem with the unit time is studied by given spectral data. The authors show that the refractive index on the whole interval can be uniquely determined by parts of its transmission eigenvalues together with the partial information on the refractive index. In particular, we pose and solve a new type of inverse spectral problems involving the interior transmission eigenvalue problem with complex transmission eigenvalues except for at most finite real eigenvalues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inverse problem for differential pencils of second order is studied. We show that the potentials on the whole interval can be uniquely determined by partial information on potentials and parts of two spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inverse spectral problem for Dirac operators is studied. By using the result on the Weyl m -function, we show that the Hochstadt–Lieberman-type and Borg-type theorem for Dirac operators except for one arbitrary eigenvalue hold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies connect beta oscillations in the motor cortices to volitional movement, and beta is known to be aberrant in multiple movement disorders. However, the dynamic interplay between these beta oscillations, motor performance, and spontaneous beta power (e.g., during rest) in the motor cortices remains unknown. This study utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate these three parameters and their lifespan trajectory in 57 healthy participants aged 9–75 years old. Movement-related beta activity was imaged using a beamforming approach, and voxel time series data were extracted from the peak voxels in the primary motor cortices. Our results indicated that spontaneous beta power during rest followed a quadratic lifespan trajectory, while movement-related beta oscillations linearly increased with age. Follow-on analyses showed that spontaneous beta power and the beta minima during movement, together, significantly predicted task performance above and beyond the effects of age. These data are the first to show lifespan trajectories among measures of beta activity in the motor cortices, and suggest that the healthy brain compensates for age-related increases in spontaneous beta activity by increasing the strength of beta oscillations within the motor cortices which, when successful, enables normal motor performance into later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective diastereoselective [3+2] annulation of 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol to trifluoromethyl-substituted styrylisoxazoles catalyzed by DABCO is described, giving highly functionalized tetrahydrothiophenes containing trifluoromethylated quaternary center in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent investigations have studied the development of motor-related oscillatory responses to delineate maturational changes from childhood to young adulthood. While these studies included youth during the pubertal transition period, none have probed the impact of testosterone levels on motor cortical dynamics and performance. We collected salivary testosterone samples and recorded magnetoencephalography during a complex motor sequencing task in 58 youth aged 9–15 years old. The relationships between testosterone, age, task behavior, and beta (15–23 Hz) oscillatory dynamics were examined using multiple mediation modeling. We found that testosterone mediated the effect of age on movement-related beta activity. We also found that the effect of age on movement duration was mediated by testosterone and reaction time. Interestingly, the relationships between testosterone and motor performance were not mediated by beta activity in the left primary motor cortex, which may indicate the importance of higher-order motor regions. Overall, our results suggest that testosterone has unique associations with neural and behavioral indices of complex motor performance, beyond those already characterized in the literature. These findings are the first to link developmental changes in testosterone levels to maturation of beta oscillatory dynamics serving complex motor planning and execution, and specific measures of motor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The default mode network (DMN) plays a crucial role in internal self-processing, rumination, and social functions. Disruptions to DMN connectivity have been linked with early adversity and the emergence of psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood. Herein, we investigate how subclinical psychiatric symptoms can impact DMN functional connectivity during the pubertal transition. Resting-state fMRI data were collected annually from 190 typically-developing youth (9–15 years-old) at three timepoints and within-network DMN connectivity was computed. We used latent growth curve modeling to determine how self-reported depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms predicted rates of change in DMN connectivity over the three-year period. In the baseline model without predictors, we found no systematic changes in DMN connectivity over time. However, significant modulation emerged after adding psychopathology predictors; greater depressive symptomatology was associated with significant decreases in connectivity over time, whereas posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with significant increases in connectivity over time. Follow-up analyses revealed that these effects were driven by connectivity changes involving the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex subnetwork. In conclusion, these data suggest that subclinical depressive and posttraumatic symptoms alter the trajectory of DMN connectivity, which may indicate that this network is a nexus of clinical significance in mental health disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An enhanced multi-modal graph convolutional network is proposed for classifying neuropsychiatric disorders. • The enhanced GCN based on sGraphs and fGraphs. • The features filtered from the sGraph are used to enhance the weights of the corresponding edges in the fGraph, and a multi-layer GCN is used for training and prediction. It has been proven that neuropsychiatric disorders (NDs) can be associated with both structures and functions of brain regions. Thus, data about structures and functions could be usefully combined in a comprehensive analysis. While brain structural MRI (sMRI) images contain anatomic and morphological information about NDs, functional MRI (fMRI) images carry complementary information. However, efficient extraction and fusion of sMRI and fMRI data remains challenging. In this study, we develop an enhanced multi-modal graph convolutional network (MME-GCN) in a binary classification between patients with NDs and healthy controls, based on the fusion of the structural and functional graphs of the brain region. First, based on the same brain atlas, we construct structural and functional graphs from sMRI and fMRI data, respectively. Second, we use machine learning to extract important features from the structural graph network. Third, we use these extracted features to adjust the corresponding edge weights in the functional graph network. Finally, we train a multi-layer GCN and use it in binary classification task. MME-GCN achieved 93.71% classification accuracy on the open data set provided by the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics. In addition, we analyzed the important features selected from the structural graph and verified them in the functional graph. Using MME-GCN, we found several specific brain connections important to NDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) production is closely associated with the first pubertal hormonal event, adrenarche. Few studies have documented the relationships between DHEA and functional brain development, with even fewer examining the associations between DHEA and spontaneous cortical activity during the resting-state. Thus, whether DHEA levels are associated with the known developmental shifts in the brain's idling cortical rhythms remains poorly understood. Herein, we examined spontaneous cortical activity in 71 typically-developing youth (9–16 years; 32 male) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG data were source imaged and the power within five canonical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) was computed to identify spatially- and spectrally-specific effects of salivary DHEA and DHEA-by-sex interactions using vertex-wise ANCOVAs. Our results indicated robust increases in power with increasing DHEA within parieto-occipital cortices in all frequency bands except alpha, which decreased with increasing DHEA. In the delta band, DHEA and sex interacted within frontal and temporal cortices such that with increasing DHEA, males exhibited increasing power while females showed decreasing power. These data suggest that spontaneous cortical activity changes with endogenous DHEA levels during the transition from childhood to adolescence, particularly in sensory and attentional processing regions. Sexually-divergent trajectories were only observed in later-developing frontal cortical areas. • The impact of adrenarche on spontaneous cortical dynamics is poorly understood. • We mapped the relationship between spontaneous activity and DHEA levels using MEG. • In 9–16 year-olds, neural activity increased with DHEA in parieto-occipital cortex. • Posterior alpha activity decreased with increasing DHEA levels. • A DHEA-by-sex interaction was detected in fronto-temporal delta activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we study the inverse spectral problems for Sturm–Liouville operators with Robin boundary conditions and show that if the potential on the interval for some is given a priori, then the potential on the whole interval can be uniquely determined by a subset of pairs of eigenvalues and the weight numbers of the corresponding eigenvalues or by parts of two spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] IRTKS is upregulated in HCCs, which is significantly associated with tumour size. [•] IRTKS promotes cell proliferation, colony formation, and in vivo tumorigenicity. [•] IRTKS enhances the entry into S phase of cell cycle progression. [•] IRTKS activates EGFR-ERK pathway by interacting with EGFR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the inverse spectral problem for Sturm–Liouville operators for the missing eigenvalue problem. We show that a Borg-type theorem for the missing eigenvalue problem of the Sturm–Liouville operator holds by the Weyl -function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]