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Objective Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is a plasticizer used in food contact materials. Dietary exposure to BBP might lead to reproduction and developmental damages to human. The present paper was aimed to assess the health risk of BBP dietary exposure in Chinese population. Methods The BBP contents were detected in 7409 food samples from 25 food categories by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The dietary exposures of BBP in different age and sex groups were estimated by combining the content data with food consumption data derived from 2002 China National Nutrient and Health Survey, and evaluated according to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BBP established by European Food safety Agency. Results It was found that BBP was undetectable in most samples and the highest level was 1.69 mg/kg detected in a vegetable oil sample. The average dietary exposure of BBP in people aged ≥2 years was 1.03 μg/kg bw per day and the highest average exposure was found in 2–6 years old children (1.98 μg/kg bw per day). The BBP exposure in 7-12 months old children excessed 10% of tolerable daily intake (TDI) in worst scenario. Conclusion The health risk of BBP dietary exposure in Chinese population is low and, considering BBP alone, there is no safety concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An UPLC–MS/MS method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP) and florfenicol (FF) in fish muscle. Muscle tissue was blended with octadecylsilyl-derivatized silica (C 18 ). A column made from the C 18 /muscle tissue matrix was washed with n-hexane, after which CAP was eluted with acetonitrile/water (50:50, v/v) and partitioned into ethyl acetate. The final extract was evaporated, and reconstituted into methanol/water (10:90, v/v) for the analysis of UPLC–MS/MS. The correlation coefficient ( r 2 ) with each matrix-matched calibration curve is higher than 0.999. CC α and CC β of the fenicols upon the method were ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 μg kg −1 and 0.11–0.16 μg kg −1 respectively. At the fortified levels, mean recoveries of the three compounds were ranged from 84.2% to 99.8%, and the RSDs were lower than 12%. The method was accurate and reproducible, being successfully applied to the monitoring of CAP, TAP and FF in fish samples obtained from the Chinese market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This report described a method for simultaneous determination of cyanuric acid (CYA) and melamine (MEL) in dairy products. The samples were extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile/water and cleaned by graphite carbon/strong cation exchange (CARB/SCX) mixed-mode solid phase extraction column. The CYA and MEL were derivatized with bis(trimethylsily1)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) containing 1% Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), and quantified with the internal standards of 15N3-cyanuric acid and 13C3-melamine by GC–MS. The results indicated that CARB/SCX mixed solid phase extraction column could be used for sample pretreatment. The fortification recoveries were 80.8–101.5%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 3.6–7.9%. The detection limits of CYA and MEL were 0.025mgkg−1 and 0.01mgkg−1 respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used in food contact materials that has been reported as an endocrine disruptor. In the present study, DEHP concentrations were analyzed in foods in order to determine dietary exposure among the Chinese population, including the general population (aged 2–100) and four age group, that is children aged 2–6, adolescent aged 7–12, young people aged 13–17 and adults aged 18 years old and above. 1704 food samples were collected during 2011–2012 and categorized into 12 food groups which covered major foods in China. Food consumption data were taken from China National Nutrient and Health Survey which was performed in 2002 and includes data from 68,959 subjects. Mean concentrations of DEHP were combined with individual food consumption data to estimate dietary exposure. It was found that DEHP levels in foods ranged from not detected to 3.41mg/kg, with highest mean values in meat (0.23mg/kg) and vegetable oils (0.21mg/kg). Mean dietary intakes of DEHP in the general population, children, and adults were 2.34, 4.51, 2.03μg/kg bw per day, respectively. The 97.5% intakes in these populations were 5.22, 8.43, 3.64μg/kg bw per day, respectively. The main food sources of DEHP dietary intake were cereals (39.44%), drinking water (16.94%) and meat (15.81%) in children, and cereals (44.57%), meat (15.70%) and drinking water (12.28%) for adults. These findings suggested that dietary exposure to DEHP among Chinese population was lower than tolerable daily intake of DEHP and there are no health concerns based on generally accepted exposure limits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: There are increasing concerns on heavy metal contaminant in vegetables. We analyzed 343 vegetables from Zhejiang province, China for the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb, and evaluated the health risk to local residents by calculating health hazard index (HI). The mean levels of As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 0.009, 0.015, 0.003 and 0.022 mg/kg, respectively. The samples with 4.37% (Cd), 2.62% (Hg) and 3.79% (Pb) were exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) set by Chinese legislation. The mean and 97.5 percentile levels of heavy metals were used to present the mean and high exposure assessment. At the mean exposure level, all HIs were less than the threshold of 1. The HIs of Hg and Cd at high exposure were 1.01 and 1.85. It indicates that for the general people there is low health risk to As, Cd, Hg and Pb by the vegetable intake. Furthermore, considerable attentions should be paid for the possible pollution of heavy metals in vegetables, especially for Cd. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] A method for ethyl carbamate (EC) analysis was developed by GC–MS. [•] Diatomaceous earth solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for purification. [•] In-house validation showed the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5.0μg/kg. [•] A collaborative trial was carried out for further validation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Improved HS-GC–MS method is simpler to operate and had better applicability. • Coffee beans and coffee power were the products with the highest contents of furan and its derivatives. • Furan and 2-methylfuran were the residues with the highest detection rates and contents in coffee products. • Research on the control of furan and its derivatives in the production process of coffee products should be strengthen. The current study analysed concentrations of furan and its derivatives in coffee products commercially available in China based on an improved headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS) method and estimated health risks. A total of 101 samples of coffee products on the Chinese market was analysed. Furan (98%, ND-6569 μg/kg) and 2-methylfuran (100%, 2–29639 μg/kg) were the compounds with the highest concentrations and detection rates in coffee products. The mean dietary exposure of Chinese consumers to furan and the sum of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran in coffee products was 0.09 and 0.46 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. For the neoplastic effects of furan, the margin of exposure (MOE) was 14,556 for the mean dietary exposure of consumers. For the non-neoplastic effects of furan, MOEs were 711 and 139 for furan and the sum of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran, respectively. Overall, a health concern is indicated for coffee consumers with MOEs below 10000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]