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Encryption deduplication technology first encrypts the file or chunks of data, then detects and removes duplicate ciphertexts, storing only one copy on the cloud storage server (CSP). Although traditional encryption deduplication schemes have the function of ciphertext deduplication, they also have a serious problem. Since the key generation algorithm and the encryption algorithm are deterministic, the frequency of plaintext chunking will be leaked. It is possible for the attacker to infer the information of the plaintext. We propose a Randomized Encryption deduplication method against Frequency Attack (REFA) that provides high randomness in ciphertexts. The core idea of REFA is that after obtaining a convergence key generated with the aid of a key server, the user randomizes the convergence key with a random value of the same length. Then, REFA encrypts the plaintext chunk with a randomized key. Our scheme hides the random value in the ciphertext and encrypts the convergence key for user ownership verification. REFA perfectly masks the frequency of plaintext chunks and has high storage efficiency and data security. Furthermore, the CSP performs ciphertext updates with ciphertexts uploaded by subsequent users. REFA can effectively protect against frequency analysis attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate relationships between various symptoms occurring 1–2 and 5–6 days following days after thoracoscopic surgery, to identify core symptoms, and to monitor changes in core symptoms over time following lung cancer thoracoscopic surgery. We evaluated symptoms using the Anderson Symptom Scale (Chinese version) and the Lung Cancer-Specific Symptoms Template in 214 lung cancer patients hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of a provincial hospital in Jiangsu Province from March 2023 to September 2023. Data was collected at 1–2 days and 5–6 days postoperatively. Symptom networks were constructed for each time point, and centrality indicators were analyzed to identify core symptoms while controlling for influencing factors. According to the network analysis, fatigue (rs = 26.00、rc = 0.05、rb = 1.02) had the highest strength, closeness, and betweenness in the symptom network 1–2 days after lung cancer surgery. At 5–6 days after surgery, shortness of breath (rs = 27.00) emerged as the symptom with the highest strength, fatigue (rc = 0.04) had the highest closeness, and cough (rb = 1.08) ranked highest in betweenness within the symptom network. Fatigue stands out as the most core symptom in the network 1–2 days after lung cancer surgery. Shortness of breath, fatigue and cough are the most core symptoms in the symptom network 5–6 days after surgery. Therefore, clinical staff can improve the postoperative symptom experience of lung cancer patients by developing symptom management programmes tailored to these core symptoms. • This study used R network analysis to construct symptom networks for different periods after lung cancer surgery. • This study visualises the complex relationship between multiple symptoms after lung cancer surgery and identifies the most central and influential symptoms. • This study explores the dynamic evolution of core symptoms after lung cancer surgery. • The results of this study will provide a research base for accurate and efficient clinical symptom management and the development of symptom networks in oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral venous catheterization is challenging in small children. The local warming technique has been used to increase the peripheral vein cross-sectional area (CSA) and improve the success rate. However, there is limited evidence on the effect of local warming on venous CSA in children under sedation. A pilot randomized controlled trial. Eligible children aged 1 to 4 years undergoing ambulatory surgery were enrolled. At the bedside in the ambulatory surgery center, they were routinely sedated with 1 mcg/kg of intranasal dexmedetomidine. Through a computer allocation program, children were randomized into either a control group or a local warming group. Cephalic vein and basilic vein at 1 cm proximal to cubital fossa were scanned with ultrasound to measure venous CSA. Children in the control group received no intervention; those in the local warming group had a prepared hot pack of ~40°C applied to the target area on the arm for 5 minutes. A second ultrasound measurement was undertaken in both groups. A total of 35 from 40 children were analyzed. Cephalic vein CSA and basilic vein CSA increased significantly vs the first measurement within the local warming group (P <.05 for both) but not in the control group (P >.05 for both). Cephalic vein CSA was significantly different between groups at the second measurement (P <.05) but not at the first measurement (P >.05). Basilic vein CSA was significantly different between groups neither at the first measurement nor at the second measurement (P >.05 for both). The application of local warming resulted in an average of 34% increase (from 4.1 to 5.5 mm2) in cephalic vein CSA and an average of 21% increase (from 4.8 to 5.8 mm2) in basilic vein CSA. The application of local warming induced mild venodilation in cephalic vein with an increase in CSA by 34% and had little venodilation effect on the basilic vein with an increase in CSA by only 21%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts often face credibility challenges during times of crisis. However, opioid use disorder (OUD) researchers preserved their scientific credibility despite the increasing public scrutiny of medical knowledge during the opioid epidemic. Building on 30 in-depth interviews with OUD researchers, this article examines how researchers conduct scientific research, collaborate with non-expert stakeholders, and communicate research outcomes to the public. It distinguishes between performative credibility – a discourse enacted through languages, meanings, and symbols in constructing the reality of credibility, and descriptive credibility – the description, perception, and measurements of credibility under a given credibility discourse. It argues that the crisis of expertise is situational – it depends on whether and how performative credibility is sustained. This article finds that OUD researchers enact at least three credibility discourses: professional, data-driven, and community-centered. While researchers can have multiple discourses in mind, their choices of enacting a specific credibility discourse when interacting with non-experts and the public are contingent upon their rankings in the profession, medical training backgrounds, forms of patient interactions, and access to OUD medications. This case recenters sociological studies of expertise and trust on the enacting power of experts' statements and actions. It also reveals the relevance of social locations in understanding the formation of the credibility crisis. Finally, it provides a conceptual framework for understanding public (mis)trust in science and medicine. • The crisis of expertise is situational. • Responses to credibility challenges are contingent upon experts' social locations. • The diversity of credibility discourses helps sustain public trust in science. • Epistemic contests among experts reduce the severity of public challenges. • The anticipation of science being politicized promotes public distrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nursing staff regarding sarcopenia and explore associating factors that influence them. Sarcopenia has an insidious onset and is easily overlooked. However, it is has become very common in older people, seriously jeopardizing the quality of life in patients. The present situation of nurses in China is inadequate, even though they are the primary professionals tasked with screening for sarcopenia, the ability to recognize and effectively manage the disease, and the critical role they play in preventing and controlling sarcopenia in patients. We conducted a cross-sectional design of nurses. Facilitated sampling was used in seven hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 409 hospital nursing staff participated in the survey from December 2022 to March 2023. The main survey instruments were the nursing staff about the knowledge of sarcopenia, beliefs, a behavior questionnaire, and a self-designed general information questionnaire. Descriptive of general data, t-test, and ANOVA for influencing factors of three dimensions, whereas multiple linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS23.0 software. Questionnaires were distributed to 460 nurses, and of the 426 (92.6%) questionnaires returned, 409 (96.0%) were valid. The total mean score of nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and behavior about sarcopenia was 125.42 (SD 18.97), the mean score of knowledge latitude was 29.09 (SD 7.80), the mean score of attitude dimension was 57.53 (SD 7.63), and the mean score of behavior latitude was 38.80 (SD 10.71). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the nurse's position, Knowledge of sarcopenia, whether or not they were specialist nurses and years of experience in the workplace were the most significant factors correlated with the level of knowledge, belief, and practice (P < 0.05). In China, nurses have little knowledge about sarcopenia, but their attitude towards sarcopenia care is positive. However, there is potential for improvement in nursing behavior toward sarcopenia management. Managers are advised to develop targeted training programs for nurses. Further, it improves their screening and diagnosing abilities, allowing them to prevent and control sarcopenia more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The stems of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr commonly named "Kuan-Jin-Teng" in Chinese, have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as a Tibetan medicine.Purpose: The effects of the EtOAc fraction of ethanolic extract from the stems of T. sinensis (KJT) on the pro-inflammatory cytokines and MAPK pathway were studied in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model.Study Design: Anti-arthritic activity of KJT was investigated in CIA model.Methods: The chemical constituents of KJT were analyzed by LC-MS and HPLC. The CIA model was established with injecting the bovine CII emulsified in Freund's adjuvant in Wistar rats. Several doses of KJT (50.0, 100.0 and 200.0 mg/kg) were administrated via oral gavage to CIA rats daily for 4 weeks. The anti-arthritic activity of KJT was investigated by clinical arthritis scoring, paw swelling inspection and hyperalgesia measurement, as well as radiological and histological analysis in CIA rats. The impacts of KJT on the activation of MAPK pathway, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17) in ankle joints, serum, and spleen in CIA rats were examined by western blot, immunohistochemical staining, ELISA, and quantitative real-time PCR respectively. Lastly, the effects of KJT on production of the nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the regulation of the phosphorylation of p38 and Erk were detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells.Results: KJT significantly alleviated the paw swelling, hyperalgesia and arthritic severity, and reduced the synovial tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the CIA rats. Moreover, KJT suppressed the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17 in ankle joints, serum, and spleen and reversed the up-regulation of the phosphorylation of p38 and Erk in CIA rats. KJT was also demonstrated to inhibit the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and phosphorylation of p38 and Erk in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Conclusion: These results suggest the mechanisms of KJT performing its anti-arthritis effect may be attributed to inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous studies uncovered the glucose-lowering properties of snow chrysanthemum tea, however, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms were yet to be uncovered. Flavonoids are the most active and abundant components in snow chrysanthemum tea. In this study, we treated leptin-deficient diabetic ob/ob or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 J obese mice with or without total flavonoids of snow chrysanthemum (TFSC) for 14 weeks. Results indicated that TFSC ameliorated dyslipidemia and fatty liver, thereby reducing hyperlipidemia. Further mechanism experiments, including RNA-seq and experimental validation, revealed TFSC improved glycolipid metabolism primarily by activating the AMPK/Sirt1/PPARγ pathway. Additionally, by integrating UPLC, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and experimental validation, we identified two novel hypoglycemic compounds, sulfuretin and leptosidin, in TFSC. Treatment with 12.5 μmol/L sulfuretin obviously stimulated cellular glucose consumption, and sulfuretin (3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 μmol/L) significantly mitigated glucose uptake damage and reliably facilitated glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Remarkably, sulfuretin interacted with the ligand-binding pocket of PPARγ via three hydrogen bond interactions with the residues LYS-367, GLN-286 and TYR-477. Furthermore, a concentration of 12.5 μmol/L sulfuretin effectively upregulated the expression of PPARγ, exhibiting a comparable potency to a renowned PPARγ agonist at 20 μmol/L. Taken together, our findings have identified two new hypoglycemic compounds and revealed their mechanisms, which significantly expands people's understanding of the active components in snow chrysanthemum that have hypoglycemic effects. [Display omitted] • TFSC alleviates dyslipidemia and pathoglycemia via AMPK/Sirt1/PPARγ pathway. • Marein, okanin and isokanin were the confirmed TFSC's hypoglycemic components. • Sulfuretin and leptosidin are newly discovered hypoglycemic ingredients of TFSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To investigate the effects of infochemicals from Daphnia magna reared at different densities on the growth and morphological development of Scenedesmus obliquus, we cultured S. obliquus with filtrates from D. magna with a density of 0, 6, 30, 150, 300, and 600 ind L−1, respectively. Results showed no significant differences in S. obliquus growth rates among the treatments with different Daphnia densities. On days 3 and 5, the proportion of eight-celled colonies in the treatments constituted 30% of the S. obliquus populations. Importantly, the number of cells per particle increased significantly with increasing density of Daphnia, indicating a grazer density-dependent response. Specifically, the density-response relationship followed a rectangular hyperbolic model in the first five days of treatment, and then switched to a linear model, which implies that the relationship between the inducible colony size of S. obliquus and Daphnia density may also be dependent upon incubation time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Weighted multiscale support vector regression was proposed for fast quantification of binary and ternary edible blend oil. • UV–Vis spectra were decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). • The proposed method has superiority compared with support vector regression (SVR) and partial least squares (PLS). Weighted multiscale support vector regression combined with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra for quantitative analysis of edible blend oil is proposed. In the approach, UV–Vis spectra of the training set are decomposed into a certain number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) at first. Then support vector regression (SVR) sub-models are built on each IMF and residue. For prediction set, the spectra are decomposed as done on the training set and the final predictions are obtained by integrating SVR sub-model predictions by weighted average. The weight of the sub-model is the reciprocal of the fourth power of the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV). For predicting peanut oil in binary blend oil and sesame oil in ternary blend oil, the proposed method has superiority in root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient (R) compared with SVR and partial least squares (PLS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics are emerging organic pollutants posing high health risks to humans by causing human intestinal microbial disorders with increasing abundances of opportunistic pathogens, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been confirmed to restore the dysbiosis of gut flora in many kinds of intestinal disease. However, to date, few studies have focused on the bloomed opportunistic pathogens associated human disease-related pathways as well as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) after vancomycin exposure, and there is limited information on using FMT for restoration of intestinal microbiome affected by antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated effects of vancomycin on the opportunistic pathogens, human disease-related pathways as well as ARGs in human gut, and the restoration of intestinal microbiome by FMT. Results indicated that vancomycin treatment substantially increased human disease-related pathways and decreased abundances of ARGs. Besides, the bloomed opportunistic pathogens including Achromobacter , Klebsiella , and Pseudomonas , caused by vancomycin exposure, were positively correlated with human disease-related pathways. The microbiota abundance and genes of human disease-related pathways and antibiotic resistance showed a remarkable return towards baseline after FMT, but not for natural recovery. These findings suggest that impacts of vancomycin on human gut are profound and FMT will be a promising strategy in clinical application that can restore the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which may be valuable for directing future work. Image 1 • Alteration of gut microbiota by vancomycin and followed restoration by FMT were manipulated by SHIME. • Vancomycin exposure increased human disease-related pathways in gut microbiota in SHIME. • Achromobacter , Klebsiella , and Pseudomonas were bloomed disease-related pathogens after vancomycin treatment in SHIME. • The dysbiosis of gut microbiota was restored by FMT, but not by natural recovery. This study provided a reference for the effects and countermeasure of vancomycin on human gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hostile attribution bias (HAB) has been considered as a risk factor of various types of psychosocial adjustment problem, and contributes to displaced aggression (DA). The neural basis of HAB and the underlying mechanisms of how HAB predicts DA remain unclear.Methods: The current study used degree centrality (DC) and resting-sate functional connectivity (RSFC) to investigate the functional connection pattern related to HAB in 503 undergraduate students. Furthermore, the "Decoding" was used to investigate which psychological components the maps of the RSFC-behavior may be related to. Finally, to investigate whether and how the RSFC pattern, HAB predicts DA, we performed mediation analyses.Results: We found that HAB was negatively associated with DC in bilateral temporal poles (TP) and positively correlated with DC in the putamen and thalamus; Moreover, HAB was negatively associated with the strength of functional connectivity between TP and brain regions in the theory of mind network (ToM), and positively related to the strength of functional connectivity between the thalamus and regions in the ToM network. The "Decoding" showed the maps of the RSFC-behavior may involve the theory mind, autobiographic, language, comprehension and working memory. Mediation analysis further showed that HAB mediated the relationship between some neural correlates of the HAB and DA.Limitations: The current results need to be further tested by experimental methods or longitudinal design in further studies.Conclusions: These findings shed light on the neural underpinnings of HAB and provide a possible mediation model regarding the relationships among RSFC pattern, HAB, and displaced aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities are stimulating the presence of foreign antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) in soils and antibiotic-contaminated soils are increasing continuously in the world. However, little is known about the impacts of foreign ARB on the indigenous bacterial community in antibiotic-contaminated soil. Herein, using a microcosm experiment we studied the soil bacterial community composition and function (presented with niche structure and niche breadth) in the response to a model ARB (multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli) amendment in the absence and presence of tetracycline contamination. Results demonstrated that the ARB amendment increased the diversity and niche breadth and altered the composition and niche structure of the soil bacterial community. Tetracycline contamination further enhanced these impacts probably via increasing the survival of foreign ARB in soil. Interestingly, the ARB-induced changes in the bacterial community composition and function were synchronized, which might be driven by the substantial changes in some core taxa (Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Chloroflexi, and Patescibacteria). Furthermore, the impacts of the foreign ARB on soil bacterial community lasted longer than the survival of ARB in tetracycline-uncontaminated and low contaminated soils, demonstrating that the amendment of foreign ARB into soil likely challenges the stability of the soil bacterial community in a relatively long period. Overall, this study highlighted that antibiotic contamination could aggravate the impacts of the foreign ARB on soil bacterial community composition and function, resulting in the potential risks in reducing soil quality. Unlabelled Image • Amendment of ARB into tetracycline-contaminated soils were investigated. • Tetracycline increased the impacts of foreign ARB on soil bacterial community. • ARB altered soil bacterial community composition and function simultaneously. • Impacts of ARB on soil bacterial community existed for a relatively long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheum lhasaense A. J. Li et P. K. Hsiao, a stout herb plant from the Polygonaceae, is a typical Tibetan folk herb with heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, but does not have the typical laxative effect compared with other rhubarb plants. Nevertheless, its chemical composition and pharmacological activities still lack in-depth research. The present study endeavored to analyze the possible phytochemical constituents in R. lhasaense and explore the main compound piceatannol-3′-O- β - D -glucopyranoside (PG) effect on cognitive impairment and its underlying mechanism. The chemical profile of R. lhasaense discovered 46 compounds, including 27 stilbenoids and 13 gallotannins using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The UPLC determined the contents of 6 main stilbenoids, among which the content of PG was the highest, up to 61.06 mg/g. Moreover, behavioral tests showed that PG (40 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg) administration markedly ameliorated memory impairments of scopolamine-induced mice. Biochemical parameters showed that PG treatment alleviated the levels of Ach, AchE, and inflammatory factors while elevating the levels of antioxidants in mice. In addition, network pharmacology was performed to reveal PG exert an mild cognitive impairment effect by participating in neurodegenerative disease pathways, proliferation and apoptosis-, and inflammation-related pathways. Eventually, the results of molecular docking and the qRT-PCR revealed that PG down-regulated the mRNA expressions of MMP3, MMP9 and BACE1 in cognitive impairment mice brain tissue. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that PG mitigated scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by targeting the BACE1-MMP3/9 pathway, and PG might be a promising mild AD drug candidate. [Display omitted] ● Piceatannol-3′-O- β - D -glucopyranoside (PG) was the most abundant stilbenoid in R. lhasaense roots. ● PG treatment alleviated Ach, AchE, and inproved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant level. ● PG targeted the BACE1-MMP3/9 pathway, in turn reducing the accumulation of A β in brain tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]