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This study aimed to investigate the mental state of medical staff and medical students in the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, as well as analyze the risk factors of serious mental illness (SMI), so as to provide a scientific basis for further psychological intervention and management. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2–7, 2020. The Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale and a general information questionnaire were administered on-line to a convenience sample of 548 medical staff and medical students in China. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of SMI in medical staff and medical students. Of the 505 respondents in the final analysis, 188 (37.23%) were at high risk of SMI. Respondents were at significantly higher risk of SMI if they had been suspected of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 7.00, 95% CI: 1.19–41.14), had relatives suspected of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 23.60, 95% CI: 1.11–501.30), felt concerned towards media coverage of outbreak-related information (OR = 11.95, 95% CI: 3.07–46.57), recently dreamed related to SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.22–8.01), experienced difficulty in controlling emotions during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.66–6.37), or spent hours watching outbreaks per day (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46). Our findings highlight that medical staff and medical students were vulnerable to SMI during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and identify the factors associated with SMI which can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health. The independent risk factors for SMI among them are suspicion that they or relatives were infected with the SARS-CoV-2, greater interest in media reports about the epidemic, frequency of recent dreams related to SARS-CoV-2, difficulty in controlling emotions during the epidemic, and hours spent watching outbreaks per day. • Medical staff and medical students were vulnerable to SMI during the COVID-19 epidemic. • The risk factor for SMI was suspected of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2. • More concern with media reports towards epidemic was associated with SMI. • The frequency of epidemic related dreams was the risk factor of SMI. • Difficulty in controlling emotions was the risk factor of SMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrethroids serve as a significant method for managing and preventing parasitic diseases in fish. Among these, deltamethrin (DEL) is used extensively in aquatic environments. Our previous work has been confirmed that DEL exposure can induce oxidative stress and immunosuppression on the gill mucosal barrier of crucian carp (Carassius auratus). However, it is not clear whether DEL affects the susceptibility of farmed fish to bacterial infection. In this study, fish was pre-exposed to different DEL concentration (0, 0.3 and 0.6 μg L−1) and then challenged by immersion with Aeromonas hydrophila (1.0 × 10^8 CFU mL−1). After immersion challenge, fish pre-exposed to DEL developed prominent lipopolysaccharides level in gill and serum and had a significantly lower survival rate compared to the control group. In DEL pre-exposure fish after immersion, the gill apoptosis levels were significantly higher and disrupted the tight junction barrier by downregulating the zo1 and claudin12. Furthermore, fish pre-exposed to DEL exhibited increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in the early stage after immersion but experiencing decreased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lysozyme (LZM) in the later stage after immersion. And this process was regulated by the NRF2 pathway. Additionally, fish pre-exposed to DEL after immersion had significantly lower mRNA levels of immune-related genes tlr4 , myd88 , tnfα , and il-1β. Overall, these findings indicate that DEL damaged the gill barrier, weakened the immune response, raised LPS levels, and heightened vulnerability to A. hydrophila infection in crucian carp, resulting in mortality. Thus, this work will help social groups and aquaculture workers to understand the potential risk of DEL exposure for bacterial secondary infection in cultured fish. [Display omitted] • DEL exposure aggravated gill oxidative stress and apoptosis in infected fish. • Gill barrier function was severely damaged through TLR4 signal pathway. • DEL could destroy tight junctions and increase gill permeability in infected fish. • DEL increased susceptibility to A. hydrophila in crucian carp gill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because light can regulate sleep rhythms, numerous studies have investigated whether light therapy can improve sleep disorders in older people, but its efficacy remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine and summarize current evidence about the efficacy of light therapy to improve sleep for older people in residential long-term care. Systematic review. Older people living in long-term care settings. Systematic searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, WanFang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and in reference lists within relevant articles. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated light therapy for older people with sleep disorders in long-term care settings. This systematic review includes 21 articles, summarizing light therapy with different durations and intensities. The light intervention was typically administered between 7:00 and 12:00 am for 30-120 minutes. The interventions lasted from 1 week to several months, and the intensity of the light intervention usually ranged from 2500 to 10,000 lux. Short-term exposure (30-60 minutes) with high light levels (≥10,000 lux), relatively long-term exposure (1-2 hours) with moderate light levels (2500-10,000 lux), or long-term exposure (1-4 hours or full day) with low light levels (≤2500 lux) were associated with improved sleep indicators for older people in long-term care settings. The efficacy of light therapy in long-term care settings may be affected by the duration of exposure, time and length of intervention, intensity of light, and equipment used to administer the therapy. Further research must be conducted to optimize light therapy parameters. Large, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to deepen our understanding of the effects of light therapy on sleep in older people living in long-term care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The frost resistance and the service life of concrete with wrapped EPS beads is greatly improved. • The criterion of freeze-thaw failure of EPS concrete is different from ordinary concrete. • It can be used linear segment and curve segment to describe the attenuation trend of relative dynamic elastic modulus of EPS concrete. • The degradation mechanism of EPS concrete under freezing-thawing cycles was discussed. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete is an ideal low carbon green building material, but the frost resistance is weak in natural environment, which hinders the popularization of EPS concrete. In this study, magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) were used to wrap the surface of EPS beads and enhance its concrete performance. The frost resistance durability of four groups of EPS concrete was studied, the uniaxial compression tests of concrete after freezing and thawing were conducted, the results show that: the freeze thaw damage law of EPS concrete is different from ordinary concrete, the standard of freeze-thaw failure of EPS concrete is the sudden increase of dynamic elastic modulus but not continues decreasing, the mass of EPS concrete increases but not decreases; concrete with EPS beads wrapped by UHPC and WPU has good frost resistance, the frost resistance level has been increased by 100 levels and the service life increased by 60% than that of EPS beads unwrapped, the strength-degradation is much slower than that of concrete without wrapped; after freeze-thaw failure, the cracks and the interface transition zone (ITZ) gap of concrete with EPS beads wrapped is smaller than unwrapped, the macro phenomenon of freeze-thaw failure is explained from the micro level, based on macro and micro test results, the degradation mechanism of concrete with EPS wrapped and unwrapped under the action of freezing-thawing cycles are discussed. Beside, the stress-strain curves of EPS concrete after freeze-thaw attenuation were studied, the attenuation of concrete with EPS beads wrapped with WPU and UHPC is not serious as the concrete with EPS unwrapped, the proposed stress-strain model is in good agreement with the experimental results, which can provide a reference for evaluating the mechanical properties of EPS concrete after freeze-thaw. Finally, it is suggested to use linear segment and curve segment to describe the attenuation trend of relative dynamic elastic modulus, the fitted model is in good agreement with the experimental results, it can provides a reference for the study of freeze-thaw mechanical properties and the prediction of freeze-thaw cycle of this kind of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]