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To understand the differences in metabolic changes between cows with ovarian inactivity and estrus cows, we selected cows at 60–90 days postpartum from an intensive dairy farm. According to clinical manifestations, B-ultrasound scan, rectal examination, 10 cows were assigned to the estrus group (A) and 10 to the ovarian inactivity group (B). All plasma samples were analyzed by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare plasma metabolomic profiles between the groups. We used multivariate pattern recognition to screen for different metabolites in plasma of anestrus cows. Compared with normal estrous cows, there were abnormalities in 12 kinds of metabolites in postpartum cows with ovarian inactivity (|r|> 0.602), including an increase in acetic acid (r = −0.817), citric acid (r = −0.767), and tyrosine (r = −0.714), and a decrease in low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.820), very low–density lipoprotein (r = 0.828), lipids (r = 0.769), alanine (r = 0.816), pyruvate (r = 0.721), creatine (r = 0.801), choline (r = 0.639), phosphorylcholine (r = 0.741), and glycerophosphorylcholine (r = 0.881). These metabolites were closely related to abnormality of glucose, amino acid, lipoprotein and choline metabolism, which may disturb the normal estrus. The decrease in plasma creatine and the increase in tyrosine were new changes for ovarian inactivity of postpartum cows. The decrease in plasma creatine and choline and the increase in tyrosine and p-hydroxyphenylalanine in cows with ovarian inactivity provide new directions for research on the mechanism of ovarian inactivity in cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Highly expressed CXCL1-3, 5, 8 exert an important effect on CRC oncogenesis. • Highly expressed CXCL10-11 serve as positive prognostic factors for CRC patients. • CXCL9-11 may recruit anti-tumor CD8+ T cells and NK cells in CRC patients. The C-X-C motif (CXC) chemokines play an important role in inflammatory processes and angiogenesis and are also associated with tumor development, progression and metastasis. They can be either promoting or inhibiting factors in colorectal cancers (CRC). The expression patterns and prognostic values of the CXC family still need further investigation. In this study, we investigated data related to transcription, translation, survival and tumor immune infiltration for CXC chemokines in patients with CRC from the ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, HPA and TIMER databases. We found that the expression levels of CXCL1-3, CXCL5, and CXCL8 were higher in CRC tissues than in colorectal tissues. Expression among stages significantly varied for CXCL1-3 and CXCL9-11. The survival analysis revealed that high transcriptional levels of CXCL4 and CXCL9-11 could serve as positive prognostic factors for patients with CRC. CXCL9-11 were highly associated with CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor immune infiltration analysis, indicating their role in the antitumor immune response. This study implies that CXCL1-3, CXCL5, and CXCL8 are important factors during CRC oncogenesis and that CXCL9-11 could be new biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracellular pH was tightly regulated in many biological processes in which cells must control pH changes within a precise range. Hence, tracing intracellular pH variation was important for understanding the physiological and pathological processes. Although fluorescent probes can be a necessary tool for detecting changes in pH, there are many limitations to existing probes, such as background interference, large cytotoxicity, and poor permeability, which need to be urgently overcome. In this work, a ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor based on spiropyran (SP-DCCH) was fabricated for monitoring pH change using fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. SP-DCCH has demonstrated the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, outstanding permeability and hypotoxicity. Moreover, SP-DCCH displays a pH-sensitive response from 1.68 to 7.21 (p K a = 4.87) and a linear response from pH 3.81 to 6.01, which was desirable for detecting pH change in living biosystem. As expected, the results confirmed that the response signal was pH-dependent and regulated via switchable forms between spiropyran and merocyanine. Spectacularly, SP-DCCH has successfully realized sensing and mapping pH in living cells, P. aeruginosa and zebrafish. The above results exhibited that SP-DCCH could be a powerful tool for sensing and visualizing pH in living systems. Image 1 • Spiropyran-based sensor SP-DCCH has been employed for visual recognition and quantification of pH change. • SP-DCCH can be switchable sensor of pH with colorimetric/ratiometric responses via spiropyran and merocyanine. • The response mechanism of SP-DCCH was excavated by time-dependent density functional theory. • SP-DCCH has successfully realized pH mapping in living cells, bacteria and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacilliform virus was isolated from yellow catfish in China. This virus can directly adapt in cultures of EPC cells. The virus particles, which were rod-shaped approximately 120 nm long and 20 nm wide, were visible in the cytoplasm of EPC cells. The full-length genome of this virus is 26,985 nt. The genome contains four open reading frames that encode polyprotein1ab, spike glycoprotein, M protein, and N protein. There was a putative slippery sequence 14861UUUAAAC14867, which could be modeled into an RNA pseudoknot structure. The predicted amino acid sequence of pp1ab, S, M, and N genes shares 8.7%–40.2% homology with those of the two known Bafinivirus strains—WBV and FHMNV. Based on the viral morphology, genome organization, and sequence homology, this newly identified bacilliform virus appears to be Piscanivirus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Piscanivirus in yellow catfish and Piscanivirus in China. • A new bacilliform virus isolated from yellow catfish collected in China was dentified. • The identified virus can directly adapt in cell culture. • The virus particle is rod-shaped approximately 120 nm long and 20 nm wide in the cytoplasm. • The full-length genomic sequence of the virus is 26,985 nt. The sequence in region 1187-2214 nt is hypervariable. • The newly identified virus was a new member in the subfamily Piscanivirinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid-alkaline balance plays a crucial role in all biological processes. Accordingly, monitoring pH changes will help us to understand the functional status of these physiological and pathological processes. Though fluorescent probes may be a useful tool for detecting pH changes, and there are many limitations to currently available probes, such as background interference, potential cytotoxicity, and poor cell permeability, which call for a solution urgently. In this work, a rhodamine-derived colorimetric and ratiometric sensor (Rh–HN) was fabricated for monitoring pH change via the mechanism of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Rh–HN has been shown to possess several advantages over other probes, such as high sensitivity, outstanding permeability, and low toxicity. Besides, the fluorescence intensity ratio (F 526 /F 592) of Rh–HN displays a pH-sensitive response from 2.0 to 7.5 (p K a = 5.05) and linear response from pH 3.8 to 6.4, which was desirable for mapping pH change in the biological systems. Besides, the results indicated that Rh–HN generated a pH-dependent response regulated by switchable forms between closed and opened spirolactam ring. Overall, Rh–HN has accomplished sensing and mapping of pH in living cells, bacteria, and zebrafish. Those results demonstrated that the great potential of Rh–HN in sensing and visualizing pH in the living biosystem. Image 1 • A Rhodamine-derived sensor Rh–HN was developed to visualize and monitor pH variation with p K a = 5.05. • Rh–HN exhibited reversible colorimetric/ratiometric responses to pH by switching of closed and opened spirolactam. • Response mechanism of Rh–HN was revealed by density functional theory calculation. • Rh–HN has successfully accomplished pH mapping in living cells, bacteria and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracking and quantifying hypochlorite (ClO−) in biological systems and environments remain challenging tasks, and many efforts have been made to improve ClO− recognition performance by modifying the sensor structure. In this study, a pre-designed coumarin/furanohydrazide-based sensor (CMFH) with the coumarin moiety as the building block (fluorogen) was rationally prepared as a ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor for ClO− recognition. As expected, CMFH demonstrated excellent sensitivity and selectivity for ClO− detection. The fluorescence signal ratio (F 466 / F 556) showed strong ClO− dependency, and the sensor exhibited ultrafast detection (within 60 s) and a low detection limit of 563 nM. Due to its low cytotoxicity and good tissue permeability, CMFH was demonstrated as a dual-channel sensor for ClO− bioimaging and visualization in cells, zebrafish, and even bacteria. Furthermore, CMFH- loaded paper strips were successfully applied to the colorimetric and fluorescent visualization of ClO−. The results demonstrate that CMFH has potential application value for tracking ClO− in various biosystems and environments. [Display omitted] • A concise CMFH chemosensor has been employed to identify ClO− with high selectivity. • CMFH can respond to ClO− with ratiometric and colorimetric responses strategy. • CMFH can trace and map ClO− in living cells, P. aeruginosa and zebrafish. • Visual recognition of fluorescence and color of ClO− can be realized on a paper strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationally designed and synthesized Schiff base sensor CMTAH containing coumarin fluorophores by the coupling of coumarin aldehyde and thiophene-2-carbohydrazide and acts as differentially selective chemosensor via colorimetric/ratiometric responses to Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions with fluorescence switchable strategy in aqueous media. Variation in absorption and emission spectra of CMTAH with different metal cations in aqueous media reveal high-affinity binding to Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions over other coexisting cations. Moreover, the spectrometric titrations and Job's plot curves substantiated the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 for Cu(II)/Zn(II) complexes formation with low detection limits of 141 nM and 72 nM, respectively. Particularly, the responding mechanism of CMTAH toward Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions was investigated by density functional theory calculations. Notably, the molecular logic gates were established with the combination of CMTAH for the intelligentialized recognition of Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions. Additionally, the compatibility and permeability of CMTAH were attributed to Schiff base group, which exhibited remarkable responding and bioimaging in living cells and zebrafish. Notably, CMTAH could be used to image in Drosophila larvae with a clearly visible profile of internal organs and effectively capture Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions in living Drosophila larvae, which lay the foundation of sensors in the field of Drosophila biological imaging research. Image 1 • Dual-functional chemosensor CMTAH has been employed monitor Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions with fluorescence switchable strategy. • CMTAH could be specially recognized and distinguished Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions with colorimetric/ratiometric. • CMTAH has been successfully applied to image Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions in living cells and zebrafish. • Visualized fluorescence changes of Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions can be easily realized on Drosophila larva. • Molecular logic gates were established and recognized of Cu(II)/Zn(II) ions with intelligentialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallium, aluminum, and indium belong to Group IIIA of the periodic table with similar chemical properties, which were a double-edged sword for living organisms. Therefore, it's particularly important to detect the content of Group IIIA in organisms. Obviously, the fluorescent probe method has become a mainstream method for detecting metal ions with advantages of convenience and high efficiency. Unfortunately, fluorescent probes that can simultaneously detect these three metal ions are rarely reported. 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) is a highly focused molecule with chemical and photochemical properties and have great potential for bioimaging applications as sensors with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Here, 3-HF as ratiometric fluorescence probes have been developed for responding to Group IIIA ions including Ga(III), Al(III) and In(III) ions with ESIPT-based mechanism. 3-HF displayed highly specific sensing for Group IIIA ions over other cations with a green fluorescence transformation into blue fluorescence by the formation of 2:1 complexes. However, rapid response toward Group IIIA ions was developed using ratiometric fluorescence with wide pH range and good reversibility, and the response mechanism of 3-HF toward Group IIIA ions was annotated by density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, the biological applicability of 3-HF has shown that 3-HF were able to detect and image Group IIIA ions in cells. Additionally, using a zebrafish model, we exhibited the capability of this 3-HF probe for detecting and imaging Group IIIA ions in zebrafish. This work achieves the detection and imaging of Group IIIA simultaneously by 3-HF probe in living cells and zebrafish and provides another example for "ESIPT OFF". Image 1 • Flavone-based probe detected Group IIIA with high selectivity and sensibility. • Responding mechanism of probe towards Group IIIA was exhibited by DFT. • 3-HF as ratiometric probe sensing Group IIIA with bioimaging in cells and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Highly porous polysaccharide hydrogels were fabricated from salecan/agarose blends. • The structure of hydrogels can be tuned by changing polysaccharide content. • The salecan/agarose hydrogel was physically cross-linked. • The composite hydrogels supported cell adhesion and growth. Salecan polysaccharide produced by Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 is an attractive biopolymer to construct hydrogel scaffolds for cell culture. However, some limitations such as poor mechanical performance, complicated fabrication process and slow gelation times still exist in the biomedical applications of microbial-based salecan polysaccharide hydrogels. Here, a series of polysaccharide hydrogels composed of salecan and agarose with adjustable structural properties are designed. The resultant hybrid salecan/agarose hydrogels exhibit controllable physical and chemical properties including thermal stability, water uptake, mechanical strength and microarchitecture, which can be readily realized with minimum change of the polysaccharide content. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays reveal that the designed composite hydrogels are non-toxic. More importantly, these hydrogels support cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Together, this work opens up a new avenue to build polysaccharide hydrogel platforms for tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]