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Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs and is widely used for cancer treatment. However, its clinical use is limited by nephrotoxicity. Emerging findings suggested that both ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction mediate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. In the current study, a novel 3-phenylglutaric acid derivative 5-[[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]-5-oxo-3-phenylpentanoic acid (referred to as 84-B10) was found to play a protective role in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury with no tumor promoting effects. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis indicated that the protective effect of 84-B10 might be dependent on antagonizing ferroptosis. In accordance, lipid peroxide accumulation and downregulation of key ferroptosis suppressors were reversed using 84-B10 treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, 84-B10 inhibited cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and restored superoxide dismutases (SODs). Furthermore, 84-B10 showed similar therapeutic effects to MnTBAP (a cell-permeable SOD mimetic) in eliminating mtROS, restoring mitochondrial homeostasis, and inhibiting ferroptosis under cisplatin challenge. Comparable effects of 84-B10 and liproxstatin-1 in ameliorating cisplatin-induced ferroptosis were observed. However, liproxstatin-1 failed to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. These data indicated that mtROS might act upstream of cisplatin-induced tubular ferroptosis. Taken together, the novel 3-phenylglutaric acid derivative 84-B10 showed therapeutic potential against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity possibly by restoring mitochondria homeostasis and inhibiting mtROS-induced ferroptosis, which suggests the potential use of 84-B10 in preventing and treating cisplatin-nephrotoxicity. [Display omitted] • A novel 3-phenylglutaric acid derivative 84-B10 ameliorated cisplatin-induced AKI. • 84-B10 inhibited cisplatin induced tubular ferroptosis. • 84-B10 attenuated cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. • Mitochondrial ROS triggered ferroptosis in cisplatin-induced AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused unprecedented decline of ridership in urban rail transit and changed passenger travel habits, which greatly challenges subway operations. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand and quantify the impact of COVID-19 on passenger travel behavior, specifically route choice. Thus, we collected automatic fare collection data and 2060 random samples through a web-based survey in Beijing on passengers' route choice behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study utilizes an initial dataset to conduct an analysis and introduces an improved Generalized Random Regret Minimization model (GRRM) aimed at understanding passengers' route choice adjustments in response to COVID-19 guidance information. This improved GRRM accounts for two decision-making criteria, namely, maximum utility and minimum regret, and considers passenger heterogeneity. This marks the first instance of capturing the heterogeneity shift effect in route choice perception during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the improved model has the best fitting result with adjusted Rho square of 0.536, demonstrating that the attributes related to guidance information (i.e., information push/time to receive traffic information/perceived route COVID-19 risk) indeed enhance the model's fit. Furthermore, the research employs Value of Information Time to quantify the preference of passengers for information in various groups. Compared with the usual scenario, women, young and non-commuter passengers are more likely to receive an early information update to plan their trips in advance. Finally, the perceived risk of COVID-19 on routes is examined in relation to passengers' personal attributes. It is observed that the elderly and students exhibit heightened sensitivity to the epidemic at all stages, while young passengers and commuters are particularly sensitive only during the small-scale epidemic. These findings offer valuable insights for managers to implement targeted strategies, thereby enhancing passenger flow control and encouraging increased subway ridership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide personalized and precise guidance services to subway passengers, a route recommendation method for frequent subway riders based on passenger preference ranking is proposed. Firstly, a data-driven analysis method of travel preference is proposed to identify the travel preference of frequent passengers in different origin-destinations (ODs) and time periods. Secondly, a route recommendation model of dictionary order preference based on just noticeable difference (JND) is proposed to solve the problem of different passenger perception in route attributes. Thirdly, the model of depth deterministic strategy gradient (DDPG) is proposed to consider dynamic parameters of JND. A case study of Guangzhou Metro is illustrated to verify the accuracy of the route recommendation model. The results show that the individual passenger recommendation in the proposed method is more accurate than the traditional logit model and the JND model without parameter optimization by 30% and 20%. The group recommendation in the proposed method is more accurate than the comparative models by 37% and 11%, respectively. Specifically, the accuracy of this method in group recommendation fluctuates less, and its accuracy variance is much smaller than the traditional logit model. Therefore, the method proposed in this study performs better in reflecting personalized need of passenger travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) can address issues such as leakage, corrosion, and volume changes. Based on microencapsulation technology, microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) have high specific surface area, and PCMs as core materials achieve isolation from the surrounding environment with the help of shell materials. Further, MEPCMs can remain constant temperature or change very little during melting endothermic process and exhibit unique advantages in the field of thermal energy storage and temperature control. With the development of microencapsulation technology, in addition to those known functions mentioned above, MEPCMs can be achieved many functions by utilizing the properties of the shell material or modifying it or by doping the material in the core material. In this paper, firstly, we introduce the types, properties and development of MEPCMs. Then, various multifunctional MEPCMs are summarized and analyzed based on the basic function of thermal energy storage or temperature control, with a focus on their multifunctional principle and performance in areas such as supercapacitors, chemical catalysis, solar photocatalysis, biology, optics, and flame retardancy, etc. Finally, the existing problems, solutions, and future research directions are put forward. [Display omitted] • Types, properties and development of MEPCMs are introduced. • The multifunctional strategies of MEPCMs are elaborated. • Principles and applications of multifunctional MEPCMs are summarized and analyzed. • Fundamental structure, enhanced performance and mechanistic of multifunctional MEPCMs are discussed. • Current challenges and future perspective are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To maintain an effective barrier, intestinal progenitor cells must divide at a rate that matches the loss of dead and dying cells. Otherwise, epithelial breaches expose the host to systemic infection by gut-resident microbes. Unlike most pathogens, Vibrio cholerae blocks tissue repair by arresting progenitor proliferation in the Drosophila model. At present, we do not understand how V. cholerae circumvents such a critical antibacterial defense. We find that V. cholerae blocks epithelial repair by activating the growth inhibitor bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway in progenitors. Specifically, we show that interactions between V. cholerae and gut commensals initiate BMP signaling via host innate immune defenses. Notably, we find that V. cholerae also activates BMP and arrests proliferation in zebrafish intestines, indicating an evolutionarily conserved link between infection and failure in tissue repair. Our study highlights how enteric pathogens engage host immune and growth regulatory pathways to disrupt intestinal epithelial repair. [Display omitted] • V. cholerae T6SS-commensal interactions activate BMP in Drosophila intestinal progenitors • Activation of BMP prevents regenerative stem cell proliferation • T6SS-dependent arrest of proliferation is conserved in zebrafish Xu et al. demonstrate that interactions between the Vibrio cholerae T6SS and gut bacteria activate a host immune-BMP axis that prevents intestinal repair in infected Drosophila. The T6SS also interacts with commensal microbes to block repair in the zebrafish intestine, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved link between infection, intestinal microbes, and tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spatiotemporal features of passenger flow under station closures is considered. • Residual time series due to station closures is checked and corrected. • The changes in passenger flow during station closures is captured. • EDFM-SVR hybrid approach outperforms regular approach. Passenger flow prediction is critical for subway managers to efficiently organize passenger flow and assign capacity resources. Station closures caused by economic conferences and political events alter the topology of subway networks, resulting in large-scale passenger flows with irregular trends. Thus, predicting subway passenger flow during station closures is a challenging task. In this study, we propose a hybrid model for predicting short-term passenger flow during subway station closures. First, a spatiotemporal ensemble prediction model is used to capture the temporal characteristics of passenger flow at each station and the spatial characteristics of passenger flow among distinct groups of stations. Then, to address the effects of station closures, a support vector regression method is devised to investigate the residual time series from the ensemble model. Finally, a case study of Beijing subway is examined to validate the performance of the proposed model. The results indicate that the proposed model is superior to other state-of-the-art models in terms of accuracy and reliability in estimating the effects of station closures. Furthermore, the residuals from station closures are thoroughly converted into white noise and the proposed model is more interpretable than those in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic bacterium that causes severe and potentially deadly diarrheal disease. Despite the impact on global health, our understanding of host mucosal responses to Vibrio remains limited, highlighting a knowledge gap critical for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Using a natural infection model, we combine physiological and single-cell transcriptomic studies to characterize conventionally reared adult zebrafish guts and guts challenged with Vibrio. We demonstrate that Vibrio causes a mild mucosal immune response characterized by T cell activation and enhanced antigen capture; Vibrio suppresses host interferon signaling; and ectopic activation of interferon alters the course of infection. We show that the adult zebrafish gut shares similarities with mammalian counterparts, including the presence of Best4+ cells, tuft cells, and a population of basal cycling cells. These findings provide important insights into host-pathogen interactions and emphasize the utility of zebrafish as a natural model of Vibrio infection. [Display omitted] • The adult zebrafish intestine houses a complex community of specialist epithelial cells • The adult zebrafish intestine associates with sub- and intraepithelial leukocytes • V. cholerae suppresses the interferon pathway throughout the zebrafish intestine during an infection Jones et al. use single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the adult zebrafish intestine under homeostatic conditions and in response to infection by Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera. They identify a diversity of intestinal cell types and show how each cell responds to Vibrio cholerae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of industrial civilization, a large amount of carbon and nitrogen compounds from industrial, agricultural, and human activities are discharged into the environment, which has seriously affected the quality of the surface water. The current remediation methods, such as aeration or chemical addition, not only exhibit high energy consumption but may also lead to secondary pollution. This study constructed a sediment microbial fuel cell system coupled Vallisneria natans (P-SMFC) to remove surface water and sediment pollutants, generate electricity, and reduce the demand for additional oxygen supply. P-SMFC demonstrated excellent pollutant removal and power generation performance under three different pollution loads. P-SMFC exhibited a COD removal efficiency of 80.48% at organic loading rate of 10.64 g/(m3d), which was 10.01%, 26.01%, and 41.77% higher than that of normal SMFC system without plants (SMFC), open-circuit control system with plants (C-P), and open-circuit control system without plants (C-S), respectively. P-SMFC exhibited a TN removal efficiency of 92.61% at nitrogen loading rate of 1.06 g/(m3d), which was 17.31%, 9.92%, and 40.58% higher than that of SMFC, C-P, and C-S, respectively. The maximum power density of the P-SMFC was 45.36 mW·m−3, which was 18.57 mW·m-3 higher than that of the SMFC. The oxygen release and root secretion of organic substances by Vallisneria natans promoted the enrichment of microorganisms with power generation and nitrogen removal functions, such as Geobacter , Acidovorax , Nitrosomonas , Pseudomonas , and Delftia. This study developed a novel, sustainable, and low-cost technology for the in-situ remediation of contaminated surface water. [Display omitted] • The P-SMFC could effectively treat sewage with different carbon and nitrogen loads. • The COD and TN removal efficiencies were 80% and 93%, respectively. • Vallisneria natans promoted the electricity generation performance of the P-SMFC. • A high abundance of EAB and NTB was found in the P-SMFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of high cost caused by continuous supply of carbon sources to industrial flue gas denitrification, this study investigated the feasibility of agricultural wastes as carbon sources. In this study, the carbon/nitrogen release from different agricultural wastes was compared by short-effect leaching tests, and the results showed that banana peel and bagasse had a higher carbon release capacity, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1850.58 mg/L and 1022.46 mg/L, respectively. Subsequently, the NOx removal performance of a biotrickling filter-anaerobic baffled reactor (BTF-ABR) integrated system with glucose, banana peel leaching solution, and bagasse leaching solution as carbon sources was investigated under thermophilic (50 ± 3 ℃) micro-oxygen (3% O 2) condition. The findings revealed that the maximum NOx removal efficiency from all the carbon sources reached more than 97%, with almost no NO 3 --N and NO 2 --N accumulation during the entire process. However, using agricultural wastes as carbon sources resulted in higher NH 4 +-N accumulation than glucose. Illumina high-throughput sequencing indicated that Actinobacteriota, Patescibacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant members. In addition, bacterial function analysis showed that agricultural wastes as carbon sources had more abundant carbon metabolism function. These results provide new insights into using agricultural wastes as carbon sources for removing NOx from flue gas. [Display omitted] • Agricultural wastes as carbon sources for NOx removal were verified to be feasible. • Banana peel (1850.58 mg/L) and bagasse (1022.46 mg/L) released higher COD. • NOx removal efficiency of agricultural wastes as carbon sources reached up to 97%. • NO 3 --N and NO 2 --N did not accumulate during the entire NOx removal process. • Microbial communities significantly varied under different carbon sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper learns the route choice behavior of passengers from Auto Fare Collection, timetable, and train loading data using a method combined with Bayesian inference and Metropolis-Hasting sampling. First, the influential factors of route choice such as in-vehicle travel time, transfer time, and in-vehicle crowding are given. Next, formulations are established based on AFC, timetable and train loading data, which are merged into a logit model of route choice behavior of subway passengers. Next, an algorithm integrating Bayesian inference and Metropolis-Hasting sampling is designed to calibrate parameters of the logit model. Finally, a case study of Beijing subway is applied to verify the validity of the model and algorithm. A detailed discussion shows that in-vehicle crowding plays a crucial role in passenger route choice behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a low-cycle fatigue experiment was conducted on printed wiring boards (PWB). The Weibull regression model and computational Bayesian analysis method were applied to analyze failure time data and to identify important factors that influence the PWB lifetime. The analysis shows that both shape parameter and scale parameter of Weibull distribution are affected by the supplier factor and preconditioning methods Based on the energy equivalence approach, a 6-cycle reflow precondition can be replaced by a 5-cycle IST precondition, thus the total testing time can be greatly reduced. This conclusion was validated by the likelihood ratio test of two datasets collected under two different preconditioning methods Therefore, the Weibull regression modeling approach is an effective approach for accounting for the variation of experimental setting in the PWB lifetime prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic mercury is a ubiquitous toxic pollutant in the environment. Exposure to inorganic mercury can cause various poisonous effects, including kidney injury. However, no safe and effective treatment for kidney injury caused by inorganic mercury has been found and used. Luteolin (Lut) possesses various beneficial bioactivities. Here, our research aims to investigate the protective effect of Lut on renal injury induced by mercury chloride (HgCl 2) and identify the underlying autophagy regulation mechanism. Twenty-eight 6–8 weeks old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, HgCl 2 , HgCl 2 + Lut, and Lut. We performed the determination of oxidative stress and renal function indicators, histopathological analysis, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuracil nucleoside triphosphate nick-end labeling assay to detect apoptosis, western blot detection of autophagy-related protein levels, and atomic absorption method to detect mercury content. Our results showed that Lut ameliorated oxidative stress, apoptosis and restored the autophagy and renal function caused by HgCl 2 in rats. Concretely, the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor, renal adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression, and autophagy regulation-related proteins levels were down-regulated, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression was up-regulated by HgCl 2 treatment. However, Lut treatment reversed the above changes. Notably, Lut reduced the accumulation of HgCl 2 in the kidneys and promoted the excretion of HgCl 2 through urine. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Lut can attenuate inorganic mercury-induced renal injury via activating the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. Therefore, Lut may be a potential biological medicine to protect against renal damage induced by HgCl 2. Schematic diagram of the mechanism of Lut attenuating kidney damage caused by HgCl 2. Luteolin ameliorates mercury dichloride (HgCl 2)-induced kidney damage via activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) autophagy pathway. [Display omitted] • Exposure to inorganic mercury induces kidney injury in rats. • HgCl 2 induces the reduction of renal autophagy in rats. • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is activated by HgCl 2. • Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in kidney injury. • Luteolin relieves HgCl 2 -induced kidney injury by activating AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel SSPCM/TEC/seawater cooling system for marine power batteries was proposed. • Seawater cooling without metal pipes solution was proposed. • SSPCM was used as seawater channels in the cooling systems. • Thermoelectric coolers were used to optimize the cooling system. For green shipping, lithium-ion battery-powered ships are rapidly developing. Compared with power batteries for electric vehicles, the large volume and capacity of cells in electric ships make it difficult to dissipate heat, thus requiring efficient cooling. Herein, a novel shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) channel/thermoelectric cooler (TEC) cooling system for marine power batteries was proposed and experimentally studied. It uses TEC for localized cooling and seawater flowing inside the SSPCM as coolant. First, the arrangement of the TECs was experimentally determined. Then, the cooling performance of the system was verified by comparative experiments. The results show that, compared to the cooling system without TECs, the maximum temperature difference was reduced by 28.8 %, with the maximum temperature and temperature difference of 49.8 °C and 3.7 °C, respectively. Compared with the single cooling method, the maximum temperature and temperature difference were reduced by 15.5 % and 53.3 %, respectively. Finally, the experiments were conducted to explore the impact of various parameters on the cooling performance of the system. The unique combination of SSPCM channel, seawater, and TEC provides a new strategy for efficiently cooling marine power batteries at high charge/discharge rates. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of pipe weight and phase change material (PCM) utilization in the PCM coupled liquid cooling system, a novel pipeless cascade shape-stabilized phase change material coupled phase change emulsion (PCE) cascaded with the shape-stabilized PCM BTMs was proposed. Firstly, a pipeless shape-stabilized PCM channel with high thermal conductivity was prepared. Compared with pure PCM, its thermal conductivity was increased by about 45 times, and it had excellent leakage prevention ability. Then the cooling performance of the shape-stabilized PCM channel BTMs was compared to the metal channel BTMs, and the cooling performance of the PCE/shape-stabilized PCM channel BTMs was compared to the performance of the water/shape-stabilized PCM channel BTMs. It turns out that the shape-stabilized PCM channel coupled PCE BTMs have both good temperature control performance and excellent temperature uniformity. And the thermal management performance of pipeless cascaded shape-stabilized PCM and the cascade between shape-stabilized PCM and PCE in BTMs was studied. Compared with BTMs without cascade phase change, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference are reduced by 1.7 °C and 0.5 °C, respectively. What's more, compared to the PCE cascaded with the shape-stabilized PCM, the cascaded shape-stabilized PCM channel has a greater influence on the performance of the BTMs. Finally, compared with other existing BTMs, this work has strong competitiveness in reducing the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of the battery module. [Display omitted] • A pipeless cascade shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) channel BTMs is proposed. • Compared with pure PW, the thermal conductivity of the obtained SSPCM is increased greatly. • Phase change emulsion (PCE) cascaded with SSPCM is innovatively integrated with SSPCM channel. • The effects of cascade SSPCM and PCE cascaded with SSPCM in BTMs were compared. • The cascaded SSPCM channel has a greater influence on the performance of the BTMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is critical to improve the effectiveness of demand management in metro systems with passenger departure time choice exactly learned during peak hours. In this study, a practical framework is developed to model departure time choice of metro passengers during peak hours. First, various attributes that influence departure time choice of metro passengers are investigated and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions (TOPSIS) is used to identify these main attributes. Then, a mixed logit (ML) model of departure time choice that accounts for price endogeneity is developed. To calibrate the model, a stated preference (SP) survey based on D-efficient design is conducted in the Beijing metro system. It is proved that the corrected ML model outperforms the uncorrected ML model according to the collected 1152 sample data. An elasticity analysis of these main attributes is further conducted, which indicates that metro fare and departure time change influence passenger departure time choice more than crowdedness in Beijing metro. Knowledge of these preferences assists traffic managers in balancing passenger departure time to mitigate overcrowding during peak hours. Heterogeneity of passenger socioeconomic and trip characteristics is also concerned taking advantage of ML model. Finally, a ML-based fare discount strategy to ease the crowdedness in Batong Line of Beijing metro is presented and evaluated via an existing simulation tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the functional properties of the soybean hull soluble fractions and insoluble fiber in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions were investigated by changing the soluble fraction (SF) content in the soybean hull suspensions. High-pressure homogenization (HPH) caused the release of soluble materials (Polysaccharides and proteins) and the deagglomeration of insoluble fibers (IF) from soybean hulls. The apparent viscosity of the soybean hull fiber suspension increased as the SF content of the suspension increased; The absolute value of ζ- potential increased from 18 to 28 mV. In addition, the IF individually stabilized emulsion had the largest emulsion particle size (32.10 μm), but decreased as the SF content in the suspension increased to 10.53 μm. The microstructure of the emulsions showed that surface-active SF adsorbed at the oil-water interface formed an interfacial film, and microfibrils in IF formed a three-dimensional network in the aqueous phase, which synergistically stabilized the oil-in-water emulsion. The findings of this study are important for understanding emulsion systems stabilized by agricultural by-products. • Soluble polysaccharide of soybean hull was released by HPH technology. • The soluble polysaccharide is key for droplet's size. • Insoluble fiber forms a bridging network structure. • Emulsion synergistically stabilized by soluble polysaccharide and insoluble fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transesterification of palm oil and mixed dimethyl/diethyl carbonate (DMC/DEC) was investigated to produce glycerol-free biodiesel with improved cold flow performance. The potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as the cheap heterogeneous catalyst. The biodiesel yield could reach 90.8% and the molar ratio of FAMEs/FAEEs was fixed as 2:1 over the following optimal reaction conditions: Molar ratio of DMC/DEC was 1:1, molar ratio of mixed DMC/DEC and oil was 14:1, KOH amount was 15 wt% (based on the oil), reaction temperature was 100 °C and reaction time was 20 h. The biodiesel had a cold filter plugging point of 3 °C and a solidifying point of −2 °C, which met the cold flow requirements of commercial 0# diesel in China. Finally, the cold flow properties of biodiesel/diesel blends were carefully characterized. Interestingly, due the formation of eutectic mixtures between n -alkanes in diesel and saturated esters in biodiesel, the cold flow performance of diesel could be significantly improved by adding no more than 30 v% of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the removal performance of NOx and stability of the biotrickling filter−anaerobic baffled reactor (BTF−ABR) integrated system at various chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NO ratios (12.18, 6.71, and 4.63 in stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively) under 3.5% O 2 and 50 ± 0.5 °C conditions for the first time. The results showed that the maximum elimination capacity of NOx was 4.46, 8.16, and 11.58 g/(m3·h) in stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The minimum operating cost in terms of glucose was 4.79 g of glucose/g of NO. However, a COD/NO ratio of 12.18 resulted in a wastage of carbon sources, while a COD/NO ratio of 4.63 led to about 20 mg/m3 N 2 O emission at the end of the study. Highly bacteria diversity and positive co-occurrence networks at the COD/NO ratio of 6.71 were the main reasons for no intermediate accumulation or N 2 O emission. Analysis of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that nirS and norB were more sensitive to the changes in the COD/NO ratios than other denitrifying genes, and the denitrifiers with nirS filled more ecological niches as the NOx increased. Furthermore, although the decrease in COD/NO ratio significantly impacted the microbial community structure, the NOx RE was stabilized at over 90% because the micro-aerobic environment produced by ABR combined highly diverse microbes and functions in BTF, as well as the coordinated expression of denitrifying genes. Achieving efficient, stable, and low-cost denitrification is feasible in this BTF−ABR integrated system. [Display omitted] • The system achieved efficient and stable NOx removal at various COD/NO ratios. • The BTF−ABR integrated system could reduce the denitration cost. • BTF contained more functional groups and more complex co-occurrence networks than ABR. • Denitrifiers with nirS filled more ecological niches as the NOx increased. • Provided preliminary data to support a future industrial application for NOx removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of aqueous inulin gel, as a fat substitute (FS), on the physicochemical properties and sensory acceptance of low-fat margarine (LFM). Inulin gel (35% w/v) was added to the margarine formulations at proportions of 10%–60% and the resulting LFMs compared with full-fat margarine. Rheological analysis showed that the apparent viscosity, elastic modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) of the LFMs decreased with increasing proportions of FS, whereas the thermal stability increased. Textural analysis showed that the hardness and consistency of all LFMs decreased gradually with increasing FS addition, but the fat crystal type was not affected. E-nose analysis showed that the aroma volatile profiles of LFMs were changed by FS, including a decrease in sulfide content. The addition of FS lightened the color of LFM, but achieved a smoother texture and mouth-feel. The overall sensory acceptability score of LFM was highest at FS additions of 20%–40% and the optimal addition was 40%, from all considerations. These findings indicate that margarine can be made with acceptable sensory attributes, while markedly reducing fat content, through the addition of inulin gel. [Display omitted] • LFM had lower elastic and viscous moduli than full-fat margarine (FFM). • The hardness and consistency of LFM decreased with increasing ratios of inulin gel. • LFM with inulin gel had the same fat crystal type as FFM. • Fat substitution significantly reduced the volatile sulfide content of LFM. • Replacement of 40% of the fat in LFM retained the sensory acceptability of FFM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benthic freshwater cyanobacteria have the potential to produce toxins. Compared with more extensively studied plankton species, little is known about the impact of harmful benthic cyanobacteria on aquatic organisms. As demersal fish are usually in direct contact with benthic cyanobacteria, it is important to understand their interactive effects. This study investigated the physio-chemical responses of two demersal fish (Xenocypris davidi and Crucian carp) after exposure to benthic Oscillatoria (producing cylindrospermopsin, 2 × 106 cells/mL) for 7 days. Interestingly, benthic Oscillatoria had less adverse effects on X. davidi than C. carp. The two demersal fish effectively ingested Oscillatoria , but Oscillatoria cell sheathes could not be fully digested in C. carp intestines and led to growth inhibition. Oscillatoria consumption induced oxidative stress and triggered alterations in detoxification enzyme activities in the X. davidi liver. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities significantly increased in the C. carp liver , but catalase (CAT) and detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) activities were insignificantly changed. This suggested that C. carp may have a relatively weak detoxification capacity for toxic Oscillatoria. Oscillatoria ingestion led to more pronounced liver pathological changes in C. carp , including swelling, deformation, and loss of cytoskeleton structure. Simultaneously, fish consumption of Oscillatoria increased extracellular cylindrospermopsin concentration. These results provide valuable insights into the ecological risks associated with benthic cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. [Display omitted] • Oscillatoria consumption induced oxidative stress in both X. davidi and C. carp liver. • Oscillatoria cell sheathes could not be fully digested in C. carp intestines. • C. carp has relatively weak detoxification capacity for toxic Oscillatoria. • Oscillatoria ingestion led to more pronounced liver pathological changes in C. carp. • Fish predation behavior on Oscillatoria increased extracellular cylindrospermopsin concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damage detection plays an important role in pavement health monitoring and inspection. Unfortunately, research about damage detection of the special component of pavement structures, such as pavement manhole covers, is relatively few. A new pipeline for the detection and quantification of damage around the pavement manhole covers is proposed in this research. In this pipeline, the Attention-enhanced Manhole Detection Model (AMDM) is proposed to detect manhole covers. AMDM achieves an ideal balance between accuracy and speed by eliminating redundant structures and incorporating an attention mechanism. The BCSM (Boundary-enhanced Crack Segmentation Model) is proposed to segment the damage around the manhole cover, and the boundary loss function is used to enhance the fine segmentation ability of the model on the boundary. The MAP (Mean Average Precision) of the manhole covers detection model is 96.68%, and the MIOU (Mean Intersection Over Union) of the crack segmentation model is 89.73%. Attributing to this efficient and accurate pipeline, a reasonable damage evaluation method is proposed in the end, which is based on statistical data and engineering experience. Overall, not only this research will contribute an automatic and cost-effective method to the detection and evaluation of damage around the manhole cover, but also inspire the detection and evaluation of other special components of civil engineering structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquitous contamination of surfactants in wastewater has raised global concerns. Photocatalysis is deemed as a promising yet challenging approach for the decomposition of surfactant residues. Herein, a novel Z-scheme heterojunction of Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /Bi 2 S 3 with covalent S–O bonds was prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal and subsequent annealing process. The prepared optimal Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /Bi 2 S 3 composite exhibited remarkable photo-degradation activity towards the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). The Z-scheme reaction mechanism was proposed and validated by meticulous analysis of quenching tests, ESR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Furthermore, the presence of chemical S–O linkages between Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 and Bi 2 S 3 was identified via FT-IR and XPS analyses, which served as a distinct bridge to modify the Z-scheme route for carrier transport. The Z-scheme heterostructure, in conjunction with chemical S–O bonds, synergistically enhanced the separation rate of electron-hole pairs and thus greatly boosted the photocatalytic activity. Additionally, the possible degradation pathways of SDBS were proposed by using HR-MS technology. Moreover, real hotel laundry wastewater could be efficiently disposed by the photocatalysis of the Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /Bi 2 S 3 with a decrease in the COD value from 428 to 74 mg/L, indicating that the fabricated Z-scheme heterojunction hold great promise for effectively removing refractory surfactant contaminants from aquatic environment. [Display omitted] • S–O bonded Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /Bi 2 S 3 was obtained by a one-pot synthesis progress. • Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /Bi 2 S 3 showed superior decomposition efficacy for SDBS surfactant. • A synergy of Z-scheme structure with S–O bonding in charge transfer was proposed. • Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /Bi 2 S 3 exhbited high mineralization ability for real laundry wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia is a complex multi-factor neurological disorder that caused an array of severe indelible consequences to the individuals and society. Additionally, anti-schizophrenic drugs are unsuitable for treating negative symptoms and have more significant side effects and drug resistance. For better treatment and prevention, we consider exploring the pathogenesis of schizophrenia from other perspectives. A growing body of evidence of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) suggested that the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia are related to mitochondrial dysfunction. So combing through the literature of 22q11DS published from 2000 to 2023, this paper reviews the mechanism of schizophrenia based on mitochondrial dysfunction, and it focuses on the natural drugs targeting mitochondria to enhance mitochondrial function, which are potential to improve the current treatment of schizophrenia. • 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a good model to emphasis schizophrenia at from gene to protein. • The natural drugs targeting mitochondria are potential to improve the synaptic process and cognitive function of schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Route choice of travelling backward is modelled using a data-driven model. • The model comprises three GMM-based hierarchical Bayesian models. • No-U-turn sampler (NUTS) is introduced to estimate the model parameters. • A case study of Beijing metro network is discussed. • The proposed framework can help develop an accurate passenger flow assignment model. • The framework has been successfully applied to demand assignment and passenger flow control. This study proposes a data-driven approach to understand traveling backward (TB) behavior while making a route choice in congested metros. First, TB behavior during route choice in overcrowded metros is defined and analyzed. Second, a hybrid model comprising three hierarchical Bayesian models is developed to describe the TB behavior. Third, a novel sampling method based on Hamiltonian dynamics is introduced to estimate the model parameters. Finally, a case study of Beijing metro is discussed to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model. The contributions of application of the proposed model to accurate demand assignment and passenger flow control for metro managers are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three factors are ascertained to measure the effects of disruptions. • Real-time prediction requirements are particularly considered in the model. • The model shows high accuracy in predicting the effects of disruptions. • The model shows strong generalizability on two different high-speed railway lines. Based on the Bayesian network (BN) paradigm, we propose a hybrid model to predict the three main consequences of disruptions and disturbances during train operations, namely, the primary delay (L), the number of affected trains (N), and the total delay times (T). To obtain an effective BN structure, we first analyze the dependencies of the involved factors on each station and among adjacent stations, given domain knowledge and expertise about operational characteristics. We then put forward four candidate BN structures, integrating expert knowledge, the interdependencies learned from real-world data, and real-time prediction and operational requirements. Next, we train the candidate structures based on a 5-fold cross-validation method, using the operational data from Wuhan-Guangzhou (W-G) and Xiamen-Shenzhen (X-S) high-speed railway (HSR) lines in China. The best performing structure is nominated to predict the consequences of disruptions and disturbances in the two HSR lines. Comparisons results show that the proposed model outperforms three other commonly used predictive models, reaching an average prediction accuracy of 96.6%, 74.8%, and 91.0% on the W-G HSR line, and 94.8%, 91.1%, and 87.9% on the X-S HSR line for variables L , N , and T , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The mechanisms of CSEGR are discussed in terms of CO 2 injection for enhanced recovery and CO 2 storage. • Reservoir permeability, CO 2 injection parameters and perforation location are found to be the key factors affecting CSEGR. • More CSEGR experimental and simulation studies should be performed. CO 2 storage with enhanced gas recovery (CSEGR) technology is a pivotal solution to mitigate the greenhouse effect and respond to national energy conservation and emission reduction policies. This involves injecting CO 2 into gas reservoirs for storage and using it to displace gas into producing wells to enhance production. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the primary mechanisms of CO 2 storage in gas reservoirs, quantifies the long-term contribution of these, and summarizes the methods used to evaluate CO 2 storage potential. The mechanisms of the displacement of natural gas by CO 2 are explained and two technical difficulties are addressed: the degree of CO 2 -natural gas mixing and competitive adsorption and displacement of CO 2 -CH 4. Besides, the main factors affecting CSEGR are studied thoroughly, and the currently typical CSEGR field pilot tests across the word are considered along with CSEGR economic policy research. This paper then identifies the current challenges and future trends in CSEGR development. The results show, firstly, in the later stage of gas reservoir development, high rates of CO 2 injection at the bottom of the gas reservoir and CH 4 production at the top can significantly enhance gas recovery. Secondly, in previous studies, the degree of CO 2 -natural gas mixing has been studied more in sandstones and carbonates, while CO 2 -CH 4 competitive adsorption has been studied more in shales and coal seams. The results of all these studies demonstrate the feasibility of CSEGR. Thirdly, Four major storage mechanisms interact to stabilize CO 2 storage in gas reservoirs, but there is no systematic method to evaluate the CO 2 storage potential. Finally, among recent experimental and simulation studies, CSEGR analytic techniques that consider complex formation conditions need to be further explored. Additionally, combining CSEGR with geothermal energy development in high temperature gas reservoirs presents a promising avenue for exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Traction energy is the main component of railway operation energy, and a timetable that predefines the running time of train operation can be used to determine the traction energy consumption. This study proposes a bi-level model that optimizes timetables to achieve the energy-saving control of railway systems. The upper level of the model ensures the relative stability of the timetable while maintaining railway safety constraints, which makes train operations more convenient for the railway sector as well as passengers; while the lower level of the model optimizes the arrival and departure time among intermediate stations to minimize the energy consumption of each train. Then, a unified iterative optimization algorithm combining particle swarm is developed to solve the model, and a timetable that ensures energy consumption optimizations is thus obtained. A case study using actual operation data from the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is developed to illustrate the proposed method. Results show that the total energy consumption is reduced by more than 7.6%, and the average adjustment time for each distance interval is approximately 1 min, which maintains the stability of the original timetable. Highlights • A bi-level model is developed to optimize railway energy and passenger convenience. • Energy saving, timetable stability, and train tracking constraints are investigated. • Spare time of timetable are optimally distributed by an iterative-loop algorithm. • Train optimal energy-saving operation strategies are proposed and verified by a case. • The model is applied in a real case saving 7.6% energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]