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[Display omitted] • Sodium alginate (SA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), chitosan (CMC) and guar gum (GG) can enhance CG pyrolysis. • The Comprehensive Pyrolysis Index (CPI) of the four biomass materials are all higher than that of CG pyrolysis. • The best blending ratio for CG/CMC as 3:1. • Among the four biomass materials, GG has the most positive interactions with CG pyrolysis, followed by CS and SA, while CMC is the least effective. • SA, CMC, CS and GG are beneficial to CG pyrolysis and reduce the harmful gas emissions. Biomass materials are potential to promote coal gangue pyrolysis process. This study investigates the effects of four biomass materials derived from different sources, namely sodium alginate (SA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), chitosan (CS), and guar gum (GG), on the pyrolysis of coal gangue (CG) in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal gravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS) was used to analyze the thermal behaviors and emission characteristics of CO 2 , NO x , and SO 2 during the co-pyrolysis process of CG and the four different biomaterial blends, which were mixed in varying ratios. The study investigated that the interactions between the various biomaterials and CG by calculating and comparing pyrolysis parameters, such as the comprehensive pyrolysis index (CPI) of CG and the blends. Additionally, a kinetic analysis using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method was conducted to reveal the co-pyrolysis mechanism. The thermal gravity analysis results illustrated that SA, CMC, CS and GG were all conducive to enhancing CG pyrolysis. As the biomass content in the blends increases, the sample experiences greater mass loss, while the initial pyrolysis temperature and residual mass ratio decrease. This suggests the presence of biomass enables more complete pyrolysis reactions of CG. Among the four biomass materials, GG had the most positive effect on promoting CG pyrolysis, followed by CS and SA, with CMC having the least effect. The kinetic analysis showed that the primary step of each blend sample generally conformed to the first-order kinetic model. The calculated activation energies of blends groups were lower than that of CG pyrolysis, verifying the positive effects of the four biomaterials on CG pyrolysis. However, the interaction mechanism varied in different pyrolysis stages for each type of biomass material. Gas emission analysis indicated that the emission of CO 2 , NO x and SO 2 in blends groups were significantly lower than that of CG pyrolysis. This implies that the addition of the four biomaterials could effectively control the emission of carbon dioxide and pollutants during CG pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Saikosaponin-d (SSd) increased body weight and colon length, and decreased disease activity index in colitis mice. • SSd regulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissues of colitis mice. • SSd inhibited the activation of NF-κB in colitis mice. • SSd restored the intestinal barrier function in colitis mice. • SSd improved the disorder of gut microbiota by increasing the alpha diversity and regulating the gut microbial structure in colitis mice. Saikosaponin-d (SSd), extracts from Bupleurum falcatum L , exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious activities. However, the effect of SSd on intestinal inflammation has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SSd on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. UC was induced in mice by administrating 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. SSd (4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg) was administered by gavage every day during the experimental process. The results showed that SSd treatment (8 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated UC mice by decreasing disease activity index (DAI), increasing colon length and improving pathological characteristics. SSd treatment (8 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, SSd (8 mg/kg) suppressed the activation of NF-κB by decreasing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB. SSd (8 mg/kg) also protected the intestinal barrier by increasing the mRNA levels of mucin (Muc1 and Muc2) and the protein levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1. The 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing revealed that SSd treatment (8 mg/kg) increased the alpha diversity and regulated the structure of gut microbiota in UC mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SSd (8 mg/kg) improved DSS-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation and regulated the gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]