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To develop a comprehensive and effective personalized scoring system on the basis of demographic and clinical characteristics for predicting recurrence probability in patients with primary lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). Participants included 261 primary patients with LPD with 2-year minimum follow-up from our hospital across 2013 to 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected retrospectively. The backward stepwise method was performed to identify independent predictors and construct a nomogram to predict the probability of recurrence. The predictive performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. After variables selection, 6 independent predictors of recurrence (skeletal maturity, trochlear dysplasia, tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance, mechanical axis deviation, Insall–Salvati index, and patellar tilt) were enrolled in our model. Validation of this nomogram in both training and validation cohort revealed powerful predictive ability, with an area under the curve of 0.962 and 0.977, respectively. The nomogram also showed great calibration and good clinical practicability. Our study presented a nomogram that incorporates 6 independent risk factors (skeletal maturity, trochlear dysplasia, tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distance, mechanical axis deviation, Insall–Salvati index, and patellar tilt), which can be conveniently used to accurately predicts the risk of recurrence after primary LPD in individual cases. Level III, retrospective comparative prognostic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is the research hotspot of robot positioning and navigation. In a large-scale complex environment, closed-loop detection by vision or lidar has low reliability and high computational cost. To solve this problem, a graph optimization SLAM algorithm based on YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once version 5) and Wi-Fi fingerprint sequence matching is proposed. The proposed method utilizes fusion deep learning approaches to enhance the accuracy and robustness of closed-loop detection to navigate the robot. The algorithm uses an effective object detection network and the fingerprint sequence for closed-loop detection to figure out the dynamic semantic information within a scene. Therefore, the traditional matching based on fingerprint point pairs is extended to include matching of fingerprint sequences. This can greatly reduce the probability of closed-loop misjudgment, ensuring the accuracy of closed-loop detection and meeting the accuracy requirements of the SLAM algorithm in a wide range of complex environments. The proposed algorithm is verified with two sets of experimental data (the robot starts from different starting points): the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 22.95% higher than that of the first set of data compared with the Gaussian similarity method; the second group of data increased by 39.19%. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy and robustness of mobile robot localization and mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is an emerging physiological pacing modality. However, little is known about pacing at different locations on the left bundle branch (LBB).Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore pacing and physiological characteristics associated with different LBBP locations.Methods: The study included 68 consecutive patients with normal unpaced QRS duration and successful LBBP implantation. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the paced QRS complex as left bundle branch trunk pacing (LBTP), left posterior fascicular pacing (LPFP), or left anterior fascicular pacing (LAFP). Electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics, pacing parameters, and fluoroscopic localization were collected and analyzed.Results: There were 17 (25.0%), 35 (51.5%), and 16 (23.5%) patients in the LBTP, LPFP, and LAFP groups, respectively. All subgroups had relatively narrow paced QRS complex (128.6 ± 9.1 ms vs 133.7 ± 11.2 ms vs 134.8 ± 9.6 ms; P = .170), fast left ventricular activation (70.4 ± 9.0 ms vs 70.6 ± 10.2 ms vs 71.0 ± 9.0 ms; P = .986), as well as low and stable pacing thresholds. Delayed right ventricular activation and interventricular dyssynchrony were similar between groups. Fluoroscopic imaging indicated that the lead tip was located most commonly in the basal-middle region of the septum (67.7%), and this was independent of paced QRS morphology group (88.2% vs 57.1% vs 68.8%; P = .106).Conclusion: Pacing at different sites of the LBB resulted in similar intraventricular and interventricular electrical synchrony in patients with an intact conduction system. Fluoroscopic imaging alone could not predict specific LBBP paced ECG morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient in-situ reduction and cyclization reaction was reported from the aromatic aldehydes, 6-nitro-1 H -indazole (5-nitrobenzimidazole), and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (1,3-cyclohexanedione or dimedone) to synthesize 9-aryl-1,6,8,9-tetrahydro-7 H -pyrazolo[3,4- f ]quinolin-7-one, 11-aryl-1,6,7,8,9,11-hexahydro-10 H -pyrazolo [3,4- a ]acridin-10-one, and 11-aryl-3,6,7,8,9,11-hexahydro-10 H -imidazo[4,5- a ]acridin-10-one derivatives in the presence of SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O in THF medium. The advantages of this method are mild conditions, convenient manipulation, high yields and wide range of substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard to diagnose intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) but is invasive. Existing magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is suboptimal for assessing the hemodynamics of AVMs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of a novel noncontrast four-dimensional (4D) dynamic MRA (dMRA) in the evaluation of intracranial AVMs through comparison with DSA and time-of-flight (TOF) MRA. Nineteen patients (12 women, mean age 26.2±10.7 years) with intracranial AVMs were examined with 4D dMRA, TOF and DSA. Spetzler–Martin grading scale was evaluated using each of the above three methods independently by two raters. Diagnostic confidence scores for three components of AVMs (feeding artery, nidus and draining vein) were also rated. Kendall''s coefficient of concordance was calculated to evaluate the reliability between two raters within each modality (dMRA, TOF, TOF plus dMRA). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to compare the diagnostic confidence scores between each pair of the three modalities. dMRA was able to detect 16 out of 19 AVMs, and the ratings of AVM size and location matched those of DSA. The diagnostic confidence scores by dMRA were adequate for nidus (3.5/5), moderate for feeding arteries (2.5/5) and poor for draining veins (1.5/5). The hemodynamic information provided by dMRA improved diagnostic confidence scores by TOF MRA. As a completely noninvasive method, 4D dMRA offers hemodynamic information with a temporal resolution of 50–100 ms for the evaluation of AVMs and can complement existing methods such as DSA and TOF MRA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel denoising algorithm termed k-space weighted image average (KWIA) was proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of dynamic MRI, such as arterial spin labeling (ASL)-based dynamic magnetic resonance angiography (dMRA) and perfusion imaging. KWIA divides the k-space of each time frame into multiple rings, the central ring of the k-space remains intact to preserve the image contrast and temporal resolution, while outer rings are progressively averaged with neighboring time frames to increase SNR. Simulations and in-vivo dMRA and multi-delay ASL studies were performed to evaluate the performance of KWIA under various MRI acquisition conditions. SNR ratios and temporal signal errors between KWIA-processed and the original data were measured. Visualization of dynamic blood flow signals as well as quantitative parametric maps were evaluated for KWIA-processed images as compared to the original images. KWIA achieved a SNR ratio of 1.73 for dMRA and 2.0 for multi-delay ASL respectively, which were in accordance with the theoretical predictions. Improved visualization of dynamic blood flow signals was demonstrated using KWIA in distal small vessels in dMRA and small brain structures in multi-delay ASL. Approximately 5% temporal errors were observed in both KWIA-processed dMRA and ASL signals. Fine anatomical features were revealed in the quantitative parametric maps of dMRA, and the residuals of model fitting were reduced for multi-delay ASL. Compared to other conventional denoising methods, KWIA is a flexible denoising algorithm that improves the SNR of ASL-based dMRA and perfusion MRI by up to 2-fold without compromising spatial and temporal resolution or quantification accuracy. • KWIA is a simple and fast post-processing denoising algorithm used for dynamic MRI. • The SNR of ASL-based dMRA and perfusion MRI can be improved by up to 2-fold. • The improved SNR enabled better visualization of dynamic blood flow signals in small vessels and fine brain structures. • KWIA was able to retain the spatial and temporal resolution and quantification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Films are originally made from the high-purity Ga 2 O 3 granules by electron-beam evaporation. • The loss of oxygen in Ga 2 O 3 film is obviously improved by decreasing the depositing temperature. • The optical properties of Ga 2 O 3 films show regular connections with deposition temperature. • The laser-induced damage properties of Ga 2 O 3 film are tied with the depositing temperature. Abstract Ga 2 O 3 thin films were prepared by electron-beam evaporation from a starting material of high-purity Ga 2 O 3 granules. The relations between depositing temperature and properties including structural and optical aspects of the film were investigated. When the depositing temperatures were 50, 100, 150 and 200 °C, the corresponding refractive indexes were 1.790, 1.799, 1.816 and 1.830 at a wavelength of 532 nm. With the rise of depositing temperature, transparency of the thin films presented a decreasing trend in the ultraviolet as well as visible regions, and the edges of absorption showed red-shifted characteristic simultaneously. During the testing process, a 532 nm laser with variable energy from 5 to 200 mJ was loaded on film for 10 ns. The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the Ga 2 O 3 samples rose up from 1.89, 3.28, and 4.13 to 4.49 J/cm2 against the increasing of depositing temperature. It demonstrated that optical properties of Ga 2 O 3 film relied heavily on the depositing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient tandem reaction approach was developed for the synthesis of 5-hydroxyhydantoins from one-pot reaction of isatins, phthalic anhydride or succinic anhydride, and 1,3-dimethylurea (1,3-diethylurea). The products were gained through the ring-opening of isatins process. The advantages of this report are simple operation, mild reaction conditions, good yields and easily available raw materials. It was very important for us to obtain the intermediate product and that provided a solid basis for the correct interpretation of the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In contrast to methods such as power spectrum and wavelet analysis, dipole source localization can determine the location and size of activated brain regions during stimulation. • The driver's right intraorbital superior and the infraorbital frontal gyrus regions were significantly activated during visually distracted driving. • The left and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus regions were significantly activated during auditory distracted driving. • The right intraorbital superior, infraorbital, and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus were significantly activated during cognitive distraction. • Driving distracted drivers were most affected in prefrontal cortical regions, especially in the right frontal cortical region. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to analyze the differences in brain area activation correlations between driving distraction (visual distraction, auditory distraction, and cognitive distraction) and normal driving. Thirty subjects participated in this study. Three subtasks were designed, which occurred randomly during driving simulation, to investigate the effects of different distractions on the drivers' neural activity. The drivers' right intraorbital superior frontal gyrus and right infraorbital frontal gyrus were significantly activated during visual distraction driving, while the superior frontal gyrus, right dorsolateral region were significantly activated during auditory distracted driving, and the right intraorbital superior frontal gyrus, right infraorbital frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and right dorsolateral region were significantly activated during cognitive distraction. This intrinsic neural activity in brain regions is expressed through extrinsic driving performance. It was found that auditory distracted driving, with the lowest activation in the right frontal lobe, had the least effect on lateral control of the vehicle, and cognitive distracted driving, with the highest activation in the right frontal lobe, had the greatest effect on lateral control of the vehicle. Therefore, we suggest that prefrontal cortical areas, especially the right frontal cortical area, are most affected by distracted driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luteolin, a monomeric substance, is a natural product of the Brucea javanica (BJ) plant. Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection (BJOEI) is a proprietary Chinese medicine purified from BJ that is widely used clinically as an anti-tumor treatment. Although a growing body of research suggests that luteolin and BJOEI have anti-tumor effects, the molecular mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, through molecular docking technology, we found that luteolin can interact directly with GPSM2 and regulate the FoxO signaling pathway through GPSM2. In addition, the inhibitory effect of luteolin on colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells was found to be offset by knockdown of GPSM2. In contrast, the anti-proliferative effects of luteolin could be notably reversed by overexpression of GPSM2. The results reveal that GPSM2 is crucial in luteolin-mediated anti-proliferative effects. The mediation of anti-proliferative effects by GPSM2 has also been indirectly demonstrated in RKO and SW480 xenograft mice models. In addition, we verified that BJOEI inhibits the progression of COAD by mediating GPSM2 and regulating the FoxO signaling pathway. We also found that BJOEI achieved a better anti-tumor effect when combined with fluorouracil injection. Collectively, our data show that the anti-tumor effects of BJOEI and luteolin on COAD are GPSM2 -dependent and downregulating the expression of GPSM2 to regulate the FoxO signaling pathway may be an effective way to treat COAD. [Display omitted] • Luteolin is a natural product of the Brucea javanica monomeric component that is widely used in antitumour treatment. • Luteolin and Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection can inhibit colon cancer progression. • The anticancer mechanism of luteolinrevealed and laid a solid foundation for its clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To identify potential biomarkers of the renal impairment in lupus nephritis using a multi-parametric renal quantitative MRI (qMRI) protocol including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD), arterial spin labeling (ASL) and T1rho MRI between a cohort of healthy volunteers and lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Materials and methods The renal qMRI protocol was performed twice with repositioning in between on 10 LN patients and 10 matched controls at 1.5 T. Navigator-gated and breath-hold acquisitions followed by non-rigid image registration were used to control respiratory motion. The repeatability of the 4 MRI modalities was evaluated with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and within-subject coefficient of variation (wsCV). Unpaired t-test and stepwise logistic regression were carried out to evaluate qMRI parameters between the LN and control groups. Results The reproducibility of the 4 qMRI modalities ranged from moderate to good (ICC = 0.4–0.91, wsCV ≤ 12%) with a few exceptions. T1rho MRI and ASL renal blood flow (RBF) demonstrated significant differences between the LN and control groups. Stepwise logistic regression yielded only one significant parameter (medullar T1rho) in differentiating LN from control groups with 95% accuracy. Conclusion A reasonable degree of test–retest repeatability and accuracy of a multi-parametric renal qMRI protocol has been demonstrated in healthy volunteers and LN subjects. T1rho and ASL RBF are promising imaging biomarkers of LN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As for subjective methods (such as scale scores) for evaluation of automobile sound quality, electroencephalogram (EEG) can objectively and real-time reflect human mental states. Thus, EEG was introduced here to study the method of automobile sound recognition in view of frequency bands and channels. An EEG acquisition instrument was utilized to simultaneously acquire the EEGs of subjects stimulated by engine, exhaust and in-car sounds, and the power spectra of EEG were extracted by means of Welch Algorithm to construct a feature matrix; Then, the accuracies of automobile sound recognition based on five machine learning models were compared to determine the optimal model and the best frequency band range; What' more, considering the differences between subjects, the m-ReliefF algorithm was applied here to investigate the universality channel with the optimal weight. Our results indicated that the differences between the three kinds of automobile sounds can be effectively identified by means of the KNN model, whose mean of accuracy peaks up to 87.93%; In addition, the recognition accuracies of beta and gamma bands were far higher than that of alpha and theta bands. Also, the accuracies of top universality 9 and 12 channels were up to 89.9% and 92.8% respectively, which were even better than that of the original 63 channels. This study revealed that recognition accuracy and computational efficiency can be significantly improved through the precise localization of the frequency bands and channels related with the automobile sounds, and demonstrated that EEG-based evaluation of the automobile sound quality shall be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is an objective whole-brain technique for characterizing regional cerebral volume and tissue concentration differences in structural magnetic resonance images. In the current study, we used VBM to examine possible cerebral gray matter abnormalities in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to fire. The subjects included 12 victims of a fire disaster with PTSD and 12 matched victims of the same fire without PTSD. Magnetic resonance images were obtained on a 1.5-Tesla General Electric scanner at Central South University, and an entire brain volume of 248 contiguous slices was obtained for each subject. Then, gray matter density in patients with PTSD and control groups was compared by using a VBM approach in SPM2. Group analysis was thresholded at P <0.001, uncorrected, at the voxel level. The following three regions of reduced gray matter volume were found in patients with PTSD compared with controls: left hippocampus, left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and bilateral insular cortex. It was concluded that there are structural abnormalities of the hippocampus, the ACC and the insular cortex in patients with PTSD due to fire. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]