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Inflammatory disorders have been found to induce bone loss through sustained and persistent activation of osteoclast differentiation, leading to heightened bone resorption. The current pharmacological interventions for combating bone loss to harbor adverse effects or contraindications. There is a pressing need to identify drugs with fewer side effects. The effect and underlying mechanism of sulforaphene (LFS) on osteoclast differentiation were illustrated in vitro and in vivo with RANKL-induced Raw264.7 cell line osteoclastogenesis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone erosion model. In this study, LFS has been shown to effectively impede the formation of mature osteoclasts induced from both Raw264.7 cell line and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), mainly at the early stage. Further mechanistic investigations uncovered that LFS suppressed AKT phosphorylation. SC-79, a potent AKT activator, was found to reverse the inhibitory impact of LFS on osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that treatment with LFS led to a significant upregulation in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant-related genes. Then it's validated that LFS could promote NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation, as well as effectively resist oxidative stress. NRF2 knockdown reversed the suppression effect of LFS on osteoclast differentiation. In vivo experiments provide convincing evidence that LFS is protective against LPS-induced inflammatory osteolysis. These well-grounded and promising findings suggest LFS as a promising agent to addressing oxidative-stress related diseases and bone loss disorders. [Display omitted] • Sulforaphene effectively attenuated both Raw264.7 and bone marrow macrophage osteoclastogenesis. • Sulforaphene promoted NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation to alleviate oxidative stress. • Sulforaphene has the ability to protect from LPS-induced bone loss in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4,7-Bis(4-hexyl-5-(trimethylstannane) -2-thienyl) −2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (HTBT) coupled with 2,5-bis (decyloxy)-1,4-dibromobenzene to afford the donor-π-bridge-donor-acceptor conjugated poly (4,7-bis (4-hexyl-2-thienyl) −2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-co-p-didecyloxybenzene) (PTBTB). Further, copolymerization of fluorine-functionalized HTBT moiety with alkoxyl benzene π-bridge using Stille crossing-coupling reaction yield PTBTB-F. The optical, electrochemical, fluorescent, spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic switching properties of two polymers with different acceptors are studied in detail. Both polymers exhibit excellent solubility in conventional organic solvents, high thermal stability and favorable fluorescence properties. The combination of a strong electron withdrawing pendant group (fluorine atoms) with benzothiadiazole (BT) backbone significantly influences the electrochemical redox, optical and electrochromic behaviors of conducting polymers. The introduction of fluorine atoms to BT lead to a higher oxidation onset potential, but an improved electrochemical n-doping process. The optical band gaps (E g ) of PTBTB and PTBTB-F films are calculated to be 2.02 eV and 1.91 eV, respectively. PTBTB and PTBTB-F films exhibited obvious and reversible color switching between their neutral and oxidized states with high optical contrasts as well as favorable response times, making the polymers unique candidates for flexible organic electrochromic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Possessing a high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is one of the most important prerequisites for the cathode to ensure an efficient solid oxide fuel cell. Herein, a highly active cathode is developed by doping the fluorine anion in anion sites of perovskite oxides (ABO 3 ). The electrocatalytic activities of three different cathode samples including the original perovskite La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ (LSCF), the doped La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 2.95-δ F 0.05 (LSCFF0.05) and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 2.9-δ F 0.1 (LSCFF0.1) are comparatively investigated. The fluorine doped perovskites reveal higher electrochemical performance than the original perovskite. Based on three cathodes of LSCF, LSCFF0.05 and LSCFF0.1 operated at 850 °C, the measured area specific resistance was 0.018, 0.017 and 0.91 Ω cm 2 , respectively; and the respective maximum power density of the single fuel cell using the 9-μm-thick YSZ electrolyte was 754, 1005, and 737 mW cm −2 . Such performance results vividly indicate that, the obtained perovskite oxyfluoride by doping an optimum amount of F ions can efficiently improve ORR activity and thus is a feasible strategy to develop cathode for high-performance solid oxide fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]