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Cryptochromes (CRYs), as blue-light photoreceptors, play a crucial role in regulating flowering time and hypocotyl and cotyledon development. Their physiological functions have been extensively studied in various plant species. However, research on onions remains limited. In this study, we identified AcCRY1 and conducted preliminary investigations into its function. Our results demonstrate that AcCRY1 possesses a conserved domain typical of cryptochromes with high homology to those found in monocots. Furthermore, we examined the expression level of AcCRY1 in onion. The green tissues is significantly higher compared to non-green tissues, and it exhibits a significant response to blue-light induction. AcCRY1 demonstrates cytoplasmic localization under blue-light conditions, while it localizes in the nucleus during darkness, indicating a strong dependence on blue-light for its subcellular distribution. In comparison to cry1 , overexpression of AcCRY1 leads to a significant shorten in seedling hypocotyl length, notable expansion of cotyledons, and acceleration of flowering time. The yeast two-hybrid experiment demonstrated the in vitro interaction between AcCRY1, AcCOP1, and AcSPA1. Additionally, BIFC analysis confirmed their interaction in Onion epidermis. Notably, under blue-light conditions, a significantly enhanced binding activity was observed compared to dark conditions. These findings establish a functional foundation for the regulatory role of AcCRY1 in important physiological processes of onion and provide initial insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. • The transcript level of AcCRY1 is significantly increased at the initial period of onion from dark to blue light. • The localization of AcCRY1 in onion epidermal cells is regulated by blue light. • AcCRY1 can regulate Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis and flowering under blue light. • AcCRY1 can interact with AcCOP1, AcSPA1 under blue light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Economic agglomeration harms sustainable intensification of cultivated land use. • Pathways that economic agglomeration affects sustainable intensification are complex. • Sustainable intensification verifies "pollution halo" and "pollution haven" theories. • Integrated regional development systems can promote multi-objective synergies. The sustainable intensification (SI) of cultivated land use (CLU) is important for achieving global sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, in the rapid advancement of agglomeration economies, it remains unclear whether economic agglomeration (EA) affects SI. Combined with emergy theory, this study utilized socioeconomic and natural environment data from 31 provincial administrative regions from 1990 to 2017 to evaluate the SI level in China. It further analyzed the impact of EA on SI using a spatial econometric model that includes mediating effects. The results showed that the EA level in China continued to rise, whereas the SI level continued to decline from 1990 to 2017. The mediating effect analysis showed that fiscal support for agriculture and agricultural labor productivity have a suppression effect of |−4.186|% and |−2.002|% in the local region, while cultivated land-use intensity has partial mediation of 6.350% in the local region; and agricultural labor productivity has a suppression effect of |−4.680|% on the surrounding region, while cultivated land-use intensity has stronger partial mediation relative to the local region, even up to 10.402% on surrounding regions. This implies that the impact of EA on SI involves complex paths and spatial differences. This study provides a better understanding of the reasons for the continuous decline in the SI in agglomeration-type economic development and feasible policy proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The three-stage super-efficiency SBM-U model was used to evaluate CLUE of YREB in China. • Heterogeneous agricultural production environment play a vital role in CLUE evaluation. • The OLS and GWR models were used to analyze the driving mechanism of CLUE. • The driving mechanism of CLUE is spatiotemporal non-stationary. • Input-output structure and production factor substitution are main determinants. Improving the cultivated land use ecological efficiency (CLUE) to obtain greater agricultural output at a lower environmental cost, is an important part of effective management of land resources and sustainable intensification (SI). However, when evaluating CLUE, the existing research ignores the heterogeneity of the production environment of different agricultural production units, which leads to a "distortion effect". To address this, this study focuses on the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China as the study area and uses a three-stage super-efficiency slacks-based measure-undesirable (three-stage super-efficiency SBM-U) model to evaluate CLUE after excluding the interference of a heterogeneous agricultural production environment. In addition, we constructed ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to analyze the driving mechanism of CLUE. The results indicate that environmental factors have a significant impact on the evaluation results of CLUE. Ignoring environmental factors leads to an overestimation of CLUE in areas with better environmental conditions, and vice versa. Second, due to the difference in input–output structure and the varied difficulty in production factor substitution, the driving mechanism of CLUE is spatiotemporal non-stationarity. During the study period, gross domestic product per capita, and farmland management scale had a positive effect on CLUE, while industrialization level had a negative effect. The impact of fiscal support for agriculture changed from insignificant to significant, in terms of improving CLUE in the western YREB. The influence direction of the multiple cropping index and agricultural planting structure changes from positive to negative and is concentrated in the east of the YREB. As a result, a series of measures are proposed to promote the improvement of CLUE and realize SI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the chemistry of materials at high pressure leads to discoveries of previously unknown compounds and phenomena. Here chemical reactions between elemental dysprosium and carbon were studied in laser-heated diamond anvil cells at pressures up to 95 GPa and temperatures of ∼2800 K. In situ single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis of the reaction products revealed the formation of novel dysprosium carbides, γ-DyC 2 , Dy 5 C 9 , and γ-Dy 4 C 5 , along with previously reported Dy 3 C 2 and Dy 4 C 3. The crystal structures of γ-DyC 2 and Dy 5 C 9 feature infinite flat carbon polyacene-like ribbons and cis -polyacetylene-type chains, respectively. In the structure of γ-Dy 4 C 5 , carbon atoms form dimers and non-linear trimers. Dy 3 C 2 contains ethanide-type carbon dumbbells, and Dy 4 C 3 is methanide featuring single carbon atoms. Density functional theory calculations reproduce well the crystal structures of high-pressure dysprosium carbides and reveal conjugated π -electron systems in novel infinite carbon polyanions. This work demonstrates that complex carbon homoatomic species previously unknown in organic chemistry can be synthesized at high pressures by direct reactions of carbon with metals. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud file sharing (CFS) in cloud storage is one of the essential tools for enterprises to improve their core competitiveness. In the sharing process, user dynamic management and players/readers abuse has always been a problem that needs to be solved, but malicious encryptors are also a new challenge. Therefore, preventing malicious encryption is another way to protect copyright issues. This scheme proposes a traitor tracing scheme with puncturable-based broadcast encryption in cloud storage, which is an improved scheme proposed in Ref. Garg et al. (2010). Based on the original completely collusion resistant traitor tracing scheme, the uniform distribution of hash output is used to prevent malicious encryptors. In addition, users can perform authentication during the decryption phase to prevent replay attacks. At the same time, the puncture algorithm is introduced, so that normal users can dynamically revoke themselves without affecting the normal use of other users. We prove that the scheme is secure under chosen plaintext attack (CPA). Theoretical analysis also shows that our scheme can prevent malicious encryptors in cloud file sharing and allow normal users to dynamically revoke. After experimental verification, our scheme offers distinct advantages over the existing one. • Prevent malicious encryptors. We use the feature of uniform distribution of hash output to hash random numbers, which makes it impossible to embed the random trapdoor. • Dynamic management of users. We incorporate puncture encryption that allow legitimate recipients to update their private key by self-puncture, thereby revoking the private key's ability to decrypt message. Also, the ability of other recipients to decrypt messages is not affected. • User self-verification. During encryption, The user hashes the decrypted M and R , and then compares them with h = H (R ‖ M ‖ L) to see whether they suffer replay attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]