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[Display omitted] • Astrocytes participate in engulfing myelin debris after spinal cord injury in rats. • Astrocytes that engulf myelin debris tend to transform into A1 astrocytes. • A1/A2 and reactive/scar-forming astrocyte phenotypes are mutually complementary. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the accumulation of myelin debris can serve as proinflammatory agents, hindering axon regrowth and exacerbating damage. While astrocytes have been implicated in the phagocytosis of myelin debris, the impact of this process on the phenotypic transformation of astrocytes and their characteristics following SCI in rats is not well understood. Here, we demonstrated that the conditioned medium of myelin debris can trigger apoptosis in rat primary astrocytes in vitro. Using a compressional SCI model in rats, we observed that astrocytes can engulf myelin debris through ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1), and these engulfed cells tend to transform into A1 astrocytes, as indicated by C3 expression. At 4 days post-injury (dpi), astrocytes rapidly transitioned into A1 astrocytes and maintained this phenotype from 4 to 28 dpi, while A2 astrocytes, characterized by S100, were only detected at 14 and 28 dpi. Reactive astrocytes, identified by Nestin, emerged at 4 and 7 dpi, whereas scar-forming astrocytes, marked by N-cadherin, were evident at 14 and 28 dpi. This study illustrates the distribution patterns of astrocyte subtypes and the potential interplay between astrocytes and myelin debris after SCI in rats. We emphasize that myelin debris can induce astrocyte apoptosis in vitro and promote the transformation of astrocytes into A1 astrocytes in vivo. These two classification methods are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Composite photo–Fenton catalysts of N–doped TiO 2 and schwertmannite were prepared. • N–TiO 2 /SCH displayed a superior BPA degradation activity of ca. 100% within 60 min. • Hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen are active species in this photo–Fenton system. Potential health risks related to environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) have aroused research hotspots at the forefront of water treatment technologies. Herein, nitrogen–doped titanium dioxide/schwertmannite nanocomposites (N–TiO 2 /SCH) have been successfully developed as heterogeneous catalysts for the degradation of typical EEDs via photo–Fenton processes. Due to the sustainable Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion induced by photoelectrons, as–prepared N–TiO 2 /SCH nanocomposites exhibit much enhanced efficiency for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA; ca. 100% within 60 min under visible irradiation) in a wide pH range of 3.0-7.8, which is significantly higher than that of the pristine schwertmannite (ca. 74.5%) or N–TiO 2 (ca. 10.8%). In this photo–Fenton system, the efficient degradation of BPA is mainly attributed to the oxidation by hydroxyl radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O 2). Moreover, the possible catalytic mechanisms and reaction pathway of BPA degradation are systematically investigated based on analytical and photoelectrochemical analyses. This work not only provides a feasible means for the development of novel heterogeneous photo–Fenton catalysts, but also lays a theoretical foundation for the potential application of mineral–based materials in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 6-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DoF) robotic grasping is a fundamental task in robot manipulation, aimed at detecting graspable points and corresponding parameters in a 3D space, i.e affordance learning, and then a robot executes grasp actions with the detected affordances. Existing research works on affordance learning predominantly focus on learning local features directly for each grid in a voxel scene or each point in a point cloud scene, subsequently filtering the most promising candidate for execution. Contrarily, cognitive models of grasping highlight the significance of global descriptors, such as size, shape, and orientation, in grasping. These global descriptors indicate a grasp path closely tied to actions. Inspired by this, we propose a novel bio-inspired neural network that explicitly incorporates global feature encoding. In particular, our method utilizes a Truncated Signed Distance Function (TSDF) as input, and employs the recently proposed Transformer model to encode the global features of a scene directly. With the effective global representation, we then use deconvolution modules to decode multiple local features to generate graspable candidates. In addition, to integrate global and local features, we propose using a skip-connection module to merge lower-layer global features with higher-layer local features. Our approach, when tested on a recently proposed pile and packed grasping dataset for a decluttering task, surpassed state-of-the-art local feature learning methods by approximately 5% in terms of success and declutter rates. We also evaluated its running time and generalization ability, further demonstrating its superiority. We deployed our model on a Franka Panda robot arm, with real-world results aligning well with simulation data. This underscores our approach's effectiveness for generalization and real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fe/S bio-oxidation coupled As speciation transformation at different pH is studied. • The pH conditions affect the initial adsorption of microbial cells to the minerals. • pH 2.0-3.0 are more conducive to the formations of jarosites and ferric arsenate. • Fe, S, and As speciation in solution is regulated by pH and potential values. • As transformation is related to Fe/S oxidation associated with pyrite bio-oxidation. Arsenic (As) speciation transformation in acid mine drainage (AMD) is comprehensively affected by biological and abiotic factors, such as microbially mediated Fe/S redox reactions and changes in environmental conditions (pH and oxidation-reduction potential). However, their combined impacts on arsenic speciation transformation remain poorly studied. Therefore, we explored arsenic transformation and immobilization during pyrite dissolution mediated by AMD enrichment culture under different acidic pH conditions. The results for incubation and mineralogical transformation of solid residues show that in the presence of AMD enrichment culture, pH 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 are more conducive to the formation of jarosites and ferric arsenate, which could immobilize high quantities of dissolved arsenic by adsorption and coprecipitation. The pH conditions significantly affect the initial adsorption of microbial cells to the minerals and the evolution of microbial community structure, further influencing the biodissolution of pyrite and the release and oxidation process of Fe/S. The results of Fe/S/As speciation transformation of the solid residues show that the transformation of Fe, S, and As in solution is mainly regulated by pH and potential values, which imposed significantly different effects on the formation of secondary minerals and thus arsenic oxidation and immobilization. The above results indicated that arsenic transformation is closely related to the Fe/S oxidation associated with pyrite bio-oxidation, and this correlation is critically regulated by the pH conditions of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A photo–Fenton system was constructed with iron–doped bismuth oxybromides (Fe–BiOBr). • Fe–BiOBr displayed superior photo–Fenton activity towards atrazine degradation. • Atrazine degradation intermediates and pathways were revealed. Pesticides and its degradation products, being well–known residues in soil, have recently been detected in many water bodies as pollutants of emerging concerns, and thus there is a contemporary demand to develop viable and cost–effective techniques for the removal of related organic pollutants in aqueous phases. Herein, a visible−light−responsive Fenton system was constructed with iron–doped bismuth oxybromides (Fe–BiOBr) as the catalysts. Taking the advantage of sustainable Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion and optimized H 2 O 2 utilization, the optimal Fe–BiOBr–2 catalyst showed an excellent atrazine removal efficiency of 97.61% in 120 min, which is superior than the traditional homogeneous Fenton and the majority of heterogeneous processes documented in the literature. In this photo–Fenton system, hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide (·O 2 –) radicals were dominant active species contributed to the oxidative degradation of atrazine. Due to the production of various active radicals, five degradation pathways were proposed based on the identification of intermediates and degradation products. Overall, this work not only demonstrates a fundamental insight into creating highly efficient and atom economic photo−Fenton systems, but also provides a complementary strategy for the treatment of organic pollutants in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is a common mechanism of resistance to carbapenems and most other β-lactam antibiotics in various Gram-negative bacteria of clinical significance, posing a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapy and leading to poor outcomes for affected patients. In silico analysis have predicted >2000 types of MBL, and 94 types have been identified so far and were divided into three major groups (subclasses B1, B2, B3) with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDMs), imipenemases (IMPs), and Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamases (VIMs) (all of B1) being the most common seen in human infections. Cefiderocol and aztreonam in combination of ceftazidime-avibactam are the two recommended options against MBL-producing bacteria but are associated with relatively high failure rates and emerging resistance, suggesting an unmet clinical need for targeting MBL-mediated antimicrobial resistance. The challenges in developing broad-spectrum inhibitors targeting multiple structurally different MBLs can be moderated by understanding the common MBL catalytical and structural features, for example, the anchoring residue that is conserved across almost all B1 MBLs, and the flexible L3/L10 loops that affect binding of different substrates and inhibitors. The MBL inhibition principles and inhibitor classification scheme (types I–V MBL inhibitors) according to the proposed mechanisms of MBL-catalysed hydrolysis offer relatively clear guidelines for developing clinically useful MBL inhibitors/probes. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is rapidly growing, substantially due to the spread of serine-β-lactamases (SBLs) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which efficiently catalyse β-lactam hydrolysis. Combinations of a β-lactam antibiotic with an SBL inhibitor have been clinically successful; however, no MBL inhibitors have been developed for clinical use. MBLs are a worrying resistance vector because they catalyse hydrolysis of all β-lactam antibiotic classes, except the monobactams, and they are being disseminated across many bacterial species worldwide. Here we review the classification, structures, substrate profiles, and inhibition mechanisms of MBLs, highlighting current clinical problems due to MBL-mediated resistance and progress in understanding and combating MBL-mediated resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study describes the mechanical properties and translucency of 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) prepared via stereolithography (SLA). A stable 5Y-PSZ ceramic paste with a maximum solid loading of 52 vol% is prepared for the SLA process, and the corresponding rheological model between viscosity and shear rate is analyzed. After sintering, all samples exhibited the same hardness and fracture toughness, approaching 12.65 GPa and 3.20 MPa m1/2, respectively. Also, the density and flexural strength reached their maximum values at 1550 °C, which were 5.95 g/cm3 and 685.6 MPa, respectively, while the contrast ratio (CR) reached its minimum value of 0.43 at 1500 °C. Moreover, failure origin and Weibull analysis are performed to evaluate the structural reliability of the ceramic components. It is observed that the yttrium content in large grains was higher than the small grains, indicating large grains consisted of the cubic phase. Herein, the stronger grain boundaries are caused by the higher segregation of yttrium at grain boundaries, altering fracture mode from the intergranular fracture to the mixed mode of trans - and intergranular fracture at 1550 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenyllactic acid (PLA) has been demonstrated to possess antibacterial activity and capacity to prolong food shelf life. However, studies on the performance of PLA in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and its effectiveness when applied to dairy products are largely lacking. Here, antibacterial activity (planktonic and biofilm states) of PLA against S. aureus CICC10145 (S. aureus _45) were investigated. The results showed that PLA inhibited growth of S. aureus _45 and formation of S. aureus _45 biofilm. Next, the antibacterial action target of PLA was uncovered from both physiological and phenotypic perspectives. The results showed that PLA decreased cell metabolic activity and cell viability, damaged cell membrane integrity, triggered leakage of intracellular contents (DNA, proteins, and ATP), and caused oxidative stress damage and morphological deformation of S. aureus _45. In practical application, the antibacterial activity of PLA against S. aureus _45 cells was further confirmed in skim milk and cheese as dairy food models, and the antibacterial effects can be adequately maintained during storage for 21 d, at least at 4°C. These findings suggested that PLA could be a potential candidate for controlling S. aureus outgrowth in dairy foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenyllactic acid (PLA) has been demonstrated to possess antibacterial activity and capacity to prolong food shelf life. However, studies on the performance of PLA in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and its effectiveness when applied to dairy products are largely lacking. Here, antibacterial activity (planktonic and biofilm states) of PLA against S. aureus CICC10145 (S. aureus _45) were investigated. The results showed that PLA inhibited growth of S. aureus _45 and formation of S. aureus _45 biofilm. Next, the antibacterial action target of PLA was uncovered from both physiological and phenotypic perspectives. The results showed that PLA decreased cell metabolic activity and cell viability, damaged cell membrane integrity, triggered leakage of intracellular contents (DNA, proteins, and ATP), and caused oxidative stress damage and morphological deformation of S. aureus _45. In practical application, the antibacterial activity of PLA against S. aureus _45 cells was further confirmed in skim milk and cheese as dairy food models, and the antibacterial effects can be adequately maintained during storage for 21 d, at least at 4°C. These findings suggested that PLA could be a potential candidate for controlling S. aureus outgrowth in dairy foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green roofs have emerged as a significant trend in urban architecture worldwide, offering numerous benefits, including enhanced energy performance, improved urban microclimate, and public health. This study proposes a holistic framework for assessing the green roofs' energy-saving potential at the city scale, achieved by scaling up building-scale energy simulations to city-scale energy demands. Firstly, massive building information is collected using Geometric Information System (GIS) technologies. Subsequently, prototype buildings are generated to accurately represent the geometric characteristics of buildings at the city scale. Building performance simulation is further conducted considering three types of plants on roofs. A case study in Xiamen, China, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework to efficiently quantify the city-scale energy-saving potential of green roofs. By implementing green roofs in Xiamen, energy savings of 1.62–1.83% and peak load shaving of 1.10–1.63% can be achieved for the whole city. Overall, the proposed framework has the potential for widespread application in other cities with minor adjustments to accommodate variations in climate and building parameters. • Holistic framework for evaluating city-scale potential of green roofs. • Prototype buildings to capture various building characteristics at city scale. • GIS-informed scaling up of building-scale energy simulation toward city-scale. • Ophiopogon japonicus performing the best on city-scale green roofs in Xiamen. • Up to 1.83% energy saving and 1.63% peak load shaving by green roofs in Xiamen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with certain metabolic diseases. However, the relationship between PAHs and serum lipid profiles in exposed subjects remain unknown. Herein, the associations of multiple (8) urinary hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) in workers of coking (n = 655) and non-ferrous smelting (n = 614) industries with serum lipid levels (marking lipid metabolism) were examined. Multivariable linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression, and quantile g-computation were used. Most urinary OH-PAHs were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in coking workers than in non-ferrous smelting workers. In workers of both industries, OH-PAH exposure was associated with elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, as well as reduced high-density lipoprotein levels. Specifically, urinary 4-hydroxyphenanthrene was significantly positively associated with serum total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels in non-ferrous smelting workers; however, the completely opposite association of 4-hydroxyphenanthrene with these lipid levels was observed in coking workers. The results of this pioneering examination suggest that exposure to OH-PAHs may contribute to dyslipidemia in coking and non-ferrous smelting workers, and distinct patterns of change were observed. Further prospective studies involving larger sample sizes are needed to further validate the findings. [Display omitted] • Internal exposure of OH-PAHs linked to dyslipidemia among workers. • Urinary OH-PAHs correlate with TC, TG, HDL induction, LDL reduction. • 4-OH-Phe positively linked with TC, TG, LDL in non-ferrous smelting workers. • 4-OH-Phe exhibits opposite effects in coking vs. non-ferrous smelting workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs) is associated with many adverse effects. However, the mechanisms of metabolic disorder of HPAHs remains limited. Herein, effects of pyrene (Pyr), and its halogenated derivatives (1-chloropyrene (1-Cl-Pyr), 1-bromopyrene (1-Br-Pyr)) on endogenous metabolic pathways were investigated, in human hepatoma (HepG2) and HepG2-derived cell lines expressing various human cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Non-targeted metabolomics results suggested that 1-Br-Pyr and Pyr exposure (625 nM) induced disruption in glutathione and riboflavin metabolism which associated with redox imbalance, through abnormal accumulation of oxidized glutathione, mediated by bioactivation of CYP2E1. Conversely, CYP2C9-mediated 1-Cl-Pyr significantly interfered with glutathione metabolism intermediates, including glycine, L-glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid. Notably, CYP1A1-mediated Pyr-induced perturbation of amino acid metabolism which associated with nutrition and glycolipid metabolism, resulting in significant upregulation of most amino acids, whereas halogenated derivatives mediated by CYP1A2 substantially downregulated amino acids. In conclusion, this study suggested that Pyr and its halogenated derivatives exert potent effects on endogenous metabolism disruption under the action of various exogenous metabolic enzymes (CYPs). Thus, new evidence was provided to toxicological mechanisms of HPAHs, and reveals potential health risks of HPAHs in inducing diseases caused by redox and amino acid imbalances. [Display omitted] • HepG2-derived cell lines express 6 CYPs were developed for metabolomics studies. • 1-Cl-Pyr and 1-Br-Pyr exert potent cytotoxicity compare to parent compound Pyr. • 1-Cl-Pyr and 1-Br-Pyr induced metabolic disruptions in CYPs overexpressing cells. • 1-Cl-Pyr and 1-Br-Pyr disturb glutathione metabolism mediated by different CYPs. • Opposite trends of amino acid disorders induced by Pyr and halogenated derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Long-term nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors have many late toxicities and side effects reported by patients, which are often ignored by clinicians. • The most common late toxicities and side effects reported by patients included ototoxicity, ocular toxicity and skin fibrosis. • Age ≥ 50 years old, diabetes mellitus, D2 ≥ 69 Gy, V35 ≥ 91.5 % were independent risk factors for grade 3–4 ototoxicity. Based on relevant independent factors, we established a nomogram model to predict grade 3–4 ototoxicity in order to provide better treatment and symptom management for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. To investigate patient-reported outcomes among long-term survivors and to analyze their associated risk factors to provide better treatment and symptom management for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. This retrospective study collected patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2016. The patients' disease status and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed by follow-up. The ototoxicity was graded according to CTCAE 5.0. A total of 223 patients were included in the study. Among the enrolled patients, the median follow-up time was 8.4 (6.0–13.0) years. Based on the patient-reported outcomes, ototoxicity was the most common symptom (52.9 %). After univariable and multivariable logistic regression, age ≥ 50 years old (OR, 4.066; 95 % CI, 1.799–9.190; P =.001), diabetes (OR, 3.520; 95 % CI, 1.442–8.591; P =.006), D2 ≥ 69 Gy (OR, 3.715; 95 % CI, 1.064–12.969; P =. 040) and V35 ≥ 91.5 % (OR, 3.398; 95 % CI, 1.113–10.372; P =.032) were associated with a higher incidence of grade 3–4 ototoxicity. Then, we constructed the individual nomogram and the C index of the graph was 0.815. By univariable logistic regression, we found that grade 3–4 ototoxicity was associated with an increased risk of multiple other symptoms, dysmasesia, tongue dysfunction, hoarseness, dysphagia and ocular toxicity. In long-term survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving IMRT, the most common patient-reported outcome was ototoxicity. Age ≥ 50 years, diabetes, ear exposure dose of D2 ≥ 69 Gy and V35 ≥ 91.5 % are independent risk factors for grade 3–4 ototoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twinning was regarded as an effective way to modify the precipitation in Mg alloys. Two procedures were designed to illustrate twinning-aging consequence on Mg 17 Al 12 phase evolution. The effect of multiple steps of twinning-precipitation on the morphology and density of the continuous precipitates inside the twins and the matrix were comprehensively analyzed through phase-orientation related observation. The results show the shape of precipitates in twins was similar to that in the matrix as the CPs mostly lay on the basal planes with an asymmetric-lozenges shape. The CPs were remarkably refined and its density became much higher inside twins. Moreover, the aspect ratio of the CP plates in twins was around 45% of that in the matrix, which means the CPs inside twins became more globular. The precipitation behavior of Mg 17 Al 12 phase inside double extension twins was different from the primary twin or the matrix. The Mg 17 Al 12 phases lay on both basal and prismatic planes can be observed in double twins of two-step precipitation. The growth behavior of pre-precipitates in twins is different from those in the matrix. The growth rate along its thickness became higher than that in the matrix, which is probably related to dislocation-assisted diffusion at the basal plane. • Morphology of CPs precipitated in the matrix, primary and double twins is different • Ratio of length and thickness of CPs in twins significantly decreased • CPs lay on basal and prismatic planes are prepared in one twin structure • Dimension of CPs precisely characterized by phase-orientation related observation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis and characterization of three new N,O-coordinated Al complexes. • Efficient application for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. • The electronic and steric effect of the methyl group on the polymerization of ε-CL. • The obtained PCLs with narrow M w / M n when the polymerization time within 25 min. The easy synthesis and characterization of three new N,O-coordination aluminum complexes (Al1 - Al3) bearing (Z)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzimidate ligand are presented, as well as their ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL). The three aluminum complexes were simply synthesized by single-step reactions of unsubstituted and substituted N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamides (RC 5 H 4 N)NHCOC 6 H 5 (R = H, 1 ; R = 5-Me, 2 ; R = 6-Me, 3) with AlMe 3 ; The reactions involved the tautomerization of the original N-(pyridin-2-yl)amide ligands to (Z)-configurational N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates which acts as N,O-bidentate ligands. Molecular structures of the three obtained aluminum complexes were determined by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-Ray diffraction and elemental analysis. The aluminum complexes (Al1 - Al3) were found to catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with moderate activities. The GPC test showed that the produced polycaprolactones with narrow molecular weight distributions (M w / M n < 1.14) when the polymerization time within 25 min. For the present system, the introduction of electron-donating methyl substituents at the pyridine ring of the ligand resulted in an apparent increase in catalytic activity. Particularly, among the three investigated aluminum complexes, Al3 showed the highest activity up to 99% conversion rate with [CL] 0 /[Al] 0 /[BnOH] 0 = 100/1/1 at 80°C for 25 min. The synthesis and characterization of three new aluminum complexes (Al1 - Al3) bearing N,O-bidentate (Z)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzimidate ligand are presented, as well as their electronic and steric effect on the polymerization of ε-CL. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In self-driving cars, adverse weather (e.g., fog, rain, snow, and cloud) or occlusion scenarios result in domain shift being unavoidable in object detection. Researchers have recently proposed Domain Adaptive Object Detection (DAOD), i.e., aligning the source and target domains at the image and instance levels distribution by utilizing the Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) method. However, the semantic correlation information is ignored leading to the effect of aligning not good, and low detection accuracy of objects in adverse weather or occlusion scenarios. Here, we propose a Dual Semantic Correlation Alignment (DSCA) method for DAOD to address the problem. The core idea behind DSCA is to make full use of semantic correlation information including context correlation semantic information and class correlation semantic information to align object semantic information in source and target domains, which supplement and enhance the missing information for target domains. It consists of a two-level semantic alignment: (1) context correlation semantic alignment is developed to obtain the context correlation semantic information of the object to align context semantic information at the image level; (2) class correlation semantic alignment is proposed to obtain the class correlation semantic information of the object to align class semantic information at the instance level. The two-level semantic alignment can effectively decrease negative transfer and complete object information to improve the detection accuracy of objects in different domains. Experiments on four challenging benchmarks show that our proposed DSCA method outperforms state-of-the-art DAOD methods. • We propose a Dual Semantic Correlation Alignment (DSCA) method for domain adaptation object detection. The DSCA takes full advantage of context and class correlation semantics information to align object semantic information in source and target domains. • The Context Correlation Semantic Alignment (COCSA) including the Local Context Correlation Semantic (LCCS) and Global Context Correlation Semantic (GCCS) modules is proposed to align the context semantic information at the image level. • The Class Correlation Semantic Alignment (CLCSA) comprising the Class Semantic Decoupling (CSD) and Dynamic Adaptation Graph Convolutional Network (DA-GCN) modules is proposed to align class semantic information at the instance level. • We conduct extensive experiments showing that the proposed DSCA comprising the COCSA and CLCSA modules in DAOD outperforms the state-of-the-art on four challenging benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility under normal conditions and might be involved in the regulation of GI dysmotility in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). CaSR antagonist-NPS-2143 was applied in in vivo and ex vivo experiments to study the effect and underlying mechanisms of CaSR inhibition on GI dysmotility in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. Oral intake of NPS-2143 promoted GI motility in PD mice as shown by the increased gastric emptying rate and shortened whole gut transit time together with improved weight and water content in the feces of PD mice, and the lack of influence on normal mice. Meanwhile, the number of cholinergic neurons, the proportion of serotonergic neurons, as well as the levels of acetylcholine and serotonin increased, but the numbers of nitrergic and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons, and the levels of nitric oxide synthase and dopamine decreased in the myenteric plexus in the gastric antrum and colon of PD mice in response to NPS-2143 treatment. Furthermore, the numbers of c-fos positive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and cholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) increased in NPS-2143 treated PD mice, suggesting the involvement of both the enteric (ENS) and central (CNS) nervous systems. However, ex vivo results showed that NPS-2143 directly inhibited the contractility of antral and colonic strips in PD mice via a non-ENS mediated mechanism. Further studies revealed that NPS-2143 directly inhibited the voltage gated Ca2+ channels, which might, at least in part, explain its direct inhibitory effects on the GI muscle strips. CaSR inhibition by its antagonist ameliorated GI dysmotility in PD mice via coordinated neuronal regulation by both ENS and CNS in vivo , although the direct effects of CaSR inhibition on GI muscle strips were suppressive. [Display omitted] • Oral intake of NPS-2143 promoted gastrointestinal motility. • ENS and CNS are involved in the effects of NPS-2143 in vivo. • Direct effects of NPS-2143 on gastrointestinal strips is suppressive via VGCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm have emerged as a significant threat to the safety of dairy products. In recent years, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) bacteriocins have been widely acknowledged as the potential natural antibacterial substance in food biopreservation due to their excellent antibacterial effects. However, few LAB bacteriocins with antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus have been reported in dairy products. In the present study, a novel bacteriocin LSX01 of Lactobacillus paracasei LS-6 isolated from a traditional fermented yogurt produced in Yunnan, China, was purified and characterized extensively. The LSX01 possessed a molecular weight of 967.49 Da and an AA sequence of LDQAGISYT. The minimum inhibitory concentration of LSX01 against S. aureus_ 45 was 16.90 μg/mL, which was close to or lower than the previously reported bacteriocins. The LSX01 exhibited an extensive antimicrobial spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, LSX01 exhibited excellent tolerance to heat and acid-base treatments, and sensitivity to the proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin and proteinase K. Furthermore, the treatment of S. aureus_ 45 planktonic cells with LSX01 significantly reduced their metabolic activity and disrupted the cell membrane integrity. Scan electron microscopy results demonstrated that LSX01 induced cytoplasmic content leakage and cell deformation. Additionally, biofilm formation of S. aureus_ 45 was also significantly inhibited by LSX01. Overall, the results suggested that the novel LAB bacteriocin LSX01 possessed antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus and, hence, could have potential for improving safety of dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The biocompatible Bio-MOF-1 was obtained by microwave-assisted method. • Bio-MOF-1 exhibited effective and selective adsorption toward Ag+ ions. • The adsorption mechanisms were confirmed by characterizations and DFT calculation. • The silver-loaded Bio-MOF-1 could be used as antimicrobial agent. In this work, Bio-MOF-1 was adopted to remove and recover the Ag+ ions in the corresponding wastewater, which exhibited excellent Ag+ ions adsorption ability with adsorption capacity up to 655.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters confirmed the adsorption process was dominated by multilayer chemisorption. The Ag+ ions adsorption behavior over Bio-MOF-1 was spontaneous, exothermic and orderly. In addition, Bio-MOF-1 displayed efficiently selective sorption toward Ag+ with the presence of the co-existence ions (including Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Pt2+ and Au3+), in which the selective sorption efficiency could reach > 99.9% toward Ag+ with the distribution coefficients up to 1.4 × 107 mL/g. The possible adsorption mechanism of Bio-MOF-1 towards Ag+ mainly involved ion exchange, electrostatic and coordinative interactions, which was further analyzed by both experimental determination and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. In particular, the Bio-MOF-1 adsorptively saturated with Ag+ could be used as the antimicrobial agent for long time (40.0 h) inhibition of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth. This work proposed and affirmed the possibility that mining resource was recovered from wastewater to produce the highly valued products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The core–shell composite was prepared for degradation of chemical warfare agents. • The core–shell catalyst displayed high recovery and good bio-compatibility. • ILs helped catalyst to boost enrichment capacity and catalytic rates. • DFT calculation helped to reveal the catalytic mechanism and degradation pathways. Detoxicating materials of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their simulants play a critical role in reducing pollution contamination and environmental renovation. In this work, we present a simple strategy to prepare a core–shell structure Fe 3 O 4 /UiO-66-NH 2 /ILs@mSiO 2 using hydrogen bonding association and electrostatic forces. We performed disinfection studies on dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES). The synergistic effects of catalytic activations for CWAs, which reduce the electron transport distance and lower the reaction energy barrier, lead to an increase in hydrolysis and Fenton-like reactions efficiency. Eliminationing tests of DMNP and 2-CEES showed that the half-lives of the degradation reactions were 128.36 and 1.12 min, respectively, and the degradation efficiency did not decrease significantly after 4 cycles. This new type of structure could be magnetically separated within 60 s to facilitate material recovery and reuse. Moreover, the presence of a mesoporous silica shell made the catalyst particles to become biocompatible and environmentally friendly. The degradation pathways of the intermediates were revealed based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The effective combination of catalysts provided a facile strategy for developing multi-effect synergistic catalysts for the elimination of CWAs and other pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the significant challenges faced by distribution system operators (DSOs) in competitive electricity markets due to uncertainties arising from electricity markets, electric vehicles (EVs), and conventional loads. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a pseudo-local reserve market between the DSO and EVs, which enables the DSO to integrate EV flexibility into the overall market framework while compensating for deviations in the conventional load across the wholesale electricity market. Furthermore, a two-stage framework is developed to facilitate the participation of EVs in electricity markets. In the first stage, the reserve capacity of EVs is integrated into the decision-making process for day-ahead bidding, taking into account uncertainties of the load and electricity. In the second stage, the day-ahead results are coordinated to enable the efficient dispatch of EVs for real-time market participation. To assess the efficacy of the proposed framework, a case study is conducted within a 31-node distribution system situated on a university campus located in Guangdong, China. This paper investigates the economic impact of load deviation constraints on EV reserves, revealing a penalty reduction of 3100 CNY for a daily reservation of 1000 EVs and a net profit increase of 1300 CNY for DSOs utilizing reserves. It further introduces a method for quantifying reserve capacity, enhancing DSO decision-making accuracy. • A pseudo-local reserve market is established considering EV's reserve potential. • Optimal bidding strategy for DSO in China's electricity markets is constructed. • A framework for EV coordinated V2G operation is developed. • The proposed method can limit load deviation cost for more profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-intensity ultrasound accelerated the maturation of soy sauce. • Reducing sugars and soluble salt-free solids were increased after ultrasonication. • The proportion of peptides (1–5 kDa) with umami taste was increased. • The content of free amino acids was decreased that mainly involved Maillard reaction. • Flavor compounds were largely generated, including esters, pyrazines, and ketones. High-intensity ultrasound was used as a means to promote maturation of soy sauce. The optimal conditions for ultrasound treatment were 90℃ at an ultrasound intensity of 39.48 W/cm2 for 60 min. The total reducing sugars and soluble salt-free solids content was significantly increased after ultrasound-assisted maturation. The free amino acid content was significantly decreased, mainly due to the Maillard reaction (MR). The promoted MR produced several types of flavor compounds, including esters, pyrazines, and ketones, which imparted an attractive aroma to the maturated soy sauce. The proportion of peptides with a molecular weight of 1–5 kDa provided umami as an important flavor characteristic, and the content in the ultrasound-matured soy sauce (10.19 %) was significantly higher than that in the freshly prepared soy sauce (8.34 %) and the thermally treated sample (8.89 %). Ultrasound-assisted maturation would improve product quality and meanwhile, shorten the duration and reduce the cost for the soy sauce industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The experiment of adversarial crowd is conducted, which complements the experimental data of the specific type of crowd. • When the attacker stops moving, the desired velocity of crowds increases, resulting in a new velocity-density relationship. • The impact of the different corridor's widths on the risk of crowd falling is analyzed and discussed. • Based on the movement characteristics of adversarial crowds, a pedestrian evacuation model is established. With the continuous development of pedestrian dynamics, the movement characteristics of multiple types of people (elderly, children, disabled people, etc.) under various scenarios (flood, fire, special building structure, etc.) have been extensively and deeply studied. The relevant conclusions and movement rules are of great significance for guiding the design of building structures and crowd evacuation instructions. However, there is a lack of research on the movement of adversarial crowds with different movement purposes and strong interactions. The analysis of its movement characteristics and the movement modelling of interaction rules need to be further explored through controlled experiments. Therefore, this paper focuses on the study of the movement characteristics of the adversarial crowd and carries out a realistic experiment in which pedestrians in the corridor escape from attackers to complete the evacuation. The purpose was to address the following questions: the impact of attackers and corridor width on pedestrian movement. It was found that the attacker's movement pause would increase the desired velocity of the crowd, and thus the velocity-density relationship was different from the traditional fundamental diagram. The width of the corridor has a great impact on the movement speed and the collision probability of the crowd. Based on the results of the experiment, a model was established and simulation experiments were carried out by changing the width of the corridor. It is hoped that the results of this paper can provide help for emergency evacuation guidance for pedestrians in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept drift is a prevalent phenomenon in data streams that necessitates detection and in-depth understanding, as it signifies that the statistical properties of a target variable, which the model aims to predict, change over time in unforeseen ways. Existing detection methods predominantly aim to identify the drift start time, which lack comprehensive understanding of data streams, leading to a loss of drift information. In this paper, we present a novel Quadruple-based Approach for Understanding Concept Drift in Data Streams (QuadCDD) framework that not only detects and predicts the concept drift start point but also offers a more detailed analysis of concept drift through the use of quadruples, encompassing drift start, drift end, drift severity, and drift type. Our framework employs quadruples to enable informed decision-making and adopt appropriate actions to handle various concept drifts, effectively maintaining high and stable performance in data streams with concept drift. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our QuadCDD framework in accurately detecting and understanding concept drifts, as well as in preserving the stability and performance of models in the presence of these drifts. • Introduced a novel framework, QuadCDD, for concept drift Understanding. • The approach enables effective handling of various concept drifts. • Maintains high performance in data streams with drift. • Fosters a detailed understanding of concept drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria are generally regarded as an effective alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture farming, especially Lactobacillus strains, which are safe and have probiotic potential. However, the mechanism of action of probiotic Lactobacillus in protecting fish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection remains unclear. In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum SHY21-2, was investigated for its safety and probiotic properties using a combination of phenotypic and whole-genome analysis. The results revealed that SHY21-2 has good safety, antimicrobial activity, and multiple probiotic properties, including tolerance to acid and bile salts, adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, and effective immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, 240 zebrafish were randomly divided into 4 groups. After 1 week on a basal diet with or without SHY21-2, all zebrafish were exposed to water with or without A. hydrophila AH40 for 12 h; finally, all zebrafish were transferred to freshwater and fed the basal diet for 5 days. The results showed that supplementation with SHY21-2 alleviated the symptoms of zebrafish infected with A. hydrophila , significantly reduced mortality, inhibited intestinal and muscle inflammation, maintained intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviated hepatic oxidative stress responses. Notably, AH40-infection induced variations in microbial diversity and enriched harmful bacteria, such as unclassified-f-Parachlamydiaceae , Rhodococcus , unclassified-f-Microbacteriaceae, and Bosea , whereas supplementation with SHY21-2 reversed this result and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactiplantibacillus , Leucobacter, and Gemmobacter. In conclusion, these results suggest that SHY21-2 can effectively protect zebrafish against A. hydrophila infection and is an appropriate candidate probiotic for the aquaculture industry. • SHY21-2 as an alternative to antibiotics with a good safety profile and in vitro probiotic profile; • SHY21-2 reduced mortality and performance symptoms induced by A. hydrophila AH40; • SHY21-2 reversed AH40-induced inflammation and oxidative stress; • SHY21-2 reversed AH40-induced intestinal barrier damage and barrier factor overexpression; • SHY21-2 inhibiting harmful bacteria and increasing beneficial bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete-filled double skin steel tubular columns with large hollow ratios (LHR-CFDST) have been commonly researched in the past few years. The excellent performance of this structure renders it promising as a novel form of wind turbine tower. Increasing the diameter-to-thickness ratio is one efficient way to reduce steel consumption as the size of this engineering structure continues to expand. There is a paucity of research on thin-walled LHR-CFDST. Meanwhile, these structures may be susceptible to local buckling without stiffening measures. Furthermore, the size effect of this type of structure is more complicated. This paper reports the first experimental investigation on super-sized thin-walled LHR-CFDST columns under combined compression-torsion-shear-bending loads. Two LHR-CFDST columns with varying stud spacings are discussed. Investigations are conducted into failure modes, local buckling behaviors, load-strain responses, and a few popular mechanical indices. According to the test results, the specimen with smaller stud spacing has an 8.1% greater ultimate bearing capacity. It is assumed that a more intensive stud arrangement can delay the onset of local buckling, thereby increasing the peak load. Besides, the arrangement of the studs leads to an obvious effect of section confinement, thus improving the overall performance of the specimens. The failure modes and load-displacement relationships simulated by the FE models agree well with the experimental results. Then, a modified method for predicting the ultimate strength of LHR-CFDST based on the previously summarized formulae for CFST under compression-bending-shear-torsion is proposed and utilized for the evaluation of two specimens in this research. Since the tested value of the specimen with narrower stud spacing is higher by 5.6% than the predicted value, it can be concluded that the large-scale thin-walled LHR-CFDST may be evaluated using this method, complemented by appropriate stiffened measures. • Two thin-walled CFDST columns were tested subjected to combined loads. • The stiffened studs greatly postpone the appearance of local buckling. • The studs produces a clear impact of section confinement, which enhances the specimen's overall performance. • This experiment utilizes a novel mutual verification model. • A modified method for CFDST under combined loads is proposed and utilized for the evaluation of two specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (RUHPC)-encased concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns in composite construction have exceptional fire and corrosion resistance, superior load-bearing capacity, and enhanced ductility compared to standalone RUHPC and CFST columns. However, research on their behavior is limited. This paper presents a 3D finite element (FE) simulation model for accurately predicting the behavior of axially loaded RUHPC-encased CFST short columns. The model accounts for the effects of the concrete confinement provided by the steel reinforcement and circular steel tube. The existing experimental data is used to validate the FE model. The validated model is then utilized to investigate the performance of RUHPC-encased CFST columns with various geometric and material properties. The range analysis technique is applied to an orthogonal design to assess the relative significance of the factors affecting the structural behavior. The findings reveal that RUHPC-encased CFST columns have high ultimate strength and ductility. The range analysis identifies the importance order of parameters as: the compressive strength of UHPC, the steel fiber concentration, tube diameter, stirrup spacing, tube thickness, and confined concrete's compressive strength. Lastly, a simplified design model is developed to estimate the compressive capacity of RUHPC-encased CFST stub columns, providing accurate results that are verified by tests and numerical analysis. • Finite-element simulation model for UHPC-encased CFST stub columns is developed. • The behavior of UHPC-encased CFST stub columns is parametrically studied. • A range analysis is carried out to specify the importance of design key factors. • The proposed finite-element simulation and design models provide accurate predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies in cell culture and animal models suggest hepatotoxicity of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), however, their effects in human populations under real exposure conditions have never been clarified. In this cross-sectional study, 224 participants, 38 e-waste dismantling workers and 186 subjects residing near to the dismantling sites in southern China, were evaluated for personal inhalational exposure to 72 VOCs and 91 SVOCs according to site-specific atmospheric chemical concentrations and personal exposure time. Additionally, their serum samples were subjected to liver function tests (LFTs), including total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and bilirubin. Linear regression analysis of the VOC/SVOC levels against the LFTs results indicated that VOC exposure was negatively associated with the TP, ALB, GLB levels (indicating liver-specific protein synthesis functions), while positively associated with AST, ALT, GGT activities (marking liver damage). Somehow, SVOC exposure appeared to be positively associated with not only AST and ALT but also TP and ALB. These findings were supported by the quantile g-computation analysis and confirmed in the Bayesian kernel machine regression model. This study indicates that simultaneous inhalation of VOCs and SVOCs may impair human liver functions. [Display omitted] • Elevated VOC and SVOC exposure impair liver function in e-waste dismantling population. • Positive association existed between VOC and SVOC inhalation exposure and AST, ALT levels. • VOC and SVOC inhalation exposure negatively associated with serum GLB levels. • No significant association existed between bilirubin metabolism and exposure to VOCs or SVOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventeen undescribed sesquiterpene-alkaloid hybrids (liriogerphines E–U, 1 – 17) were isolated and identified during a further phytochemical investigation on the branches and leaves of Chinese tulip tree (Liriodendron chinense), a rare medicinal and ornamental plant endemic to China. These unique heterodimers are conjugates of germacranolide-type sesquiterpenoids with structurally diverse alkaloids [i.e., aporphine- (1 – 15), proaporphine- (16), and benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline-type (17)] via the formation of a C–N bond. The previously undescribed structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analyses and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Such a class of sesquiterpene-alkaloid hybrids presumably biosynthesized via an aza-Michael addition is quite rare from terrestrial plants. In particular, the sesquiterpene-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline hybrid skeleton has never been reported until the present study. All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against a small panel of leukemia cell lines (Raji, Jeko-1, Daudi, Jurkat, MV-4-11 and HL-60), and some of them exhibited considerable activities. Seventeen previously undescribed hybrids (liriogerphines E–U, 1 – 17), conjugating by germacranolide-type sesquiterpenoids and structurally diverse alkaloids, were isolated and identified during a further phytochemical investigation on the brunches and leaves of Chinese tulip tree (Liriodendron chinense). These sesquiterpene-alkaloid hybrids were quite rare in terrestrial plants and some of them exhibited significant anti-leukemia activities. [Display omitted] • 17 undescribed sesquiterpene-alkaloid hybrids were isolated from Chinese tulip tree. • The structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and chemical calculations. • The hybrids presumably formed by aza-Michael addition were quite rare in nature. • Liriogerphine U is the first example of sesquiterpene-benzylisoquinoline hybrid. • Some isolates exhibited considerable cytotoxicities against six leukemia cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant real-time vehicle trajectory information provides an important guarantee for the driving safety and drivers' decision-making in the intelligent transportation system (ITS), which improves the transport efficiency of traffic flow at the micro level. In this paper, we propose an adaptive car-following model to study the influence of the preceding vehicles' information on the motion state of the target and the kinetic characteristics of traffic flow in the ITS, where the space headway, the velocity difference and the acceleration of preceding vehicles are considered simultaneously. According to the generalized diagram structure of road traffic, we mainly consider the two vehicles ahead and introduce adaptive parameters to control the proportion of different influencing factors. The rationality of the extended model is verified via real-world vehicle trajectory fitting experiments with the collected empirical data. Theoretical derivations are then carried out to describe the evolution of traffic flow under different scenarios, where the linear stability conditions and nonlinear analysis on small disturbance are included. Numerical tests are made to simulate the driving conditions and verify the accuracy of theoretical results. Computing the engine power of vehicles, we summarize the impact of traffic congestions and stop-and-go behaviors on the energy consumption. Diverse micro motion states and traffic flow dynamics can be revealed based on our car-following model, which will serve as both theoretical basis and experimental examples for the real-world traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-situ SiC nanowires were prepared by sol-gel method, followed by the fabrication of C/C-ZrC composites using low-temperature reaction melt infiltration using Zr-Cu alloy. Thermal physical test results verify that the growth of in-situ SiC nanowires can improve thermal conductivity and minimize interlayer thermal expansion of composites. Addition of SiC nanowires can effectively reduce surface temperature and ablation rates. Thermodynamic calculations revealed the ablative process in the Zr, Si and Cu ternary system, yielding SiO 2 and ZrO 2 as oxidation products. The presence of Si promotes the formation of ZrO 2 oxide layer, while Cu evaporates directly in center region. • C/C-UHTCs prepared by mixing method using Zr-Cu alloy can reduce reaction temperature and maintain the material properties. • The introduction of SiC nw can substantially improve the thermophysical properties of composites prepared by RMI. • Through thermal calculation, ablation protection mechanism of doping Cu and in-situ SiC nw is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Y–TiO 2 @MIL-53(Fe) photocatalyst composites were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method and their photocatalytic activity were assessed by photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation. Comprehensive material characterization, including XRD, XPS, BET, UV–Vis, SEM, and PL techniques, were employed to analyze the properties of the composites. Experimental results revealed that the removal rates of TC from a 20 mg/L TC solution using Y–TiO 2 , MIL-53(Fe), and Y–TiO 2 @MIL-53(Fe) were 61.0%, 75.1%, and 93.2% respectively, under specific conditions of 500 W UV-Hg lamp irradiation, a 30 min dark reaction, a 60 min light reaction, a Ti:Fe molar ratio of 1:1, and a catalyst concentration of 0.6 g/L. The Y–TiO 2 component in Y–TiO 2 @MIL-53(Fe) primarily existed in the form of anatase, while Fe3+ ions entered the lattice gap or replaced Ti4+ ions at certain lattice positions, effectively inhibiting the recombination of photoelectrons and holes and broadening the light absorption band. This modification positively influenced the photocatalytic ability of the composites. Quenching experiments and ESR characterization confirmed that •O 2 −, •OH, and h+ were the active species involved in the photocatalytic process, with •O 2 − being the main active species. This investigation of the photocatalytic properties of the composites provides valuable insights into the photocatalytic reaction mechanism, supporting the application and further development of photocatalytic technology. • Successfully synthesized doped TiO 2 and MOF composite materials. • The synthesized catalyst achieved a degradation efficiency of 93.2% for tetracycline. • The modified TiO 2 and MOF composite effectively enhances the efficiency, and the doping of metals contributes to certain effects. • The assumed degradation mechanism has been confirmed to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural networks, are one of the most representative deep learning models. CNNs were extensively used in many aspects of medical image analysis, allowing for great progress in computer-aided diagnosis in recent years. In this paper, we provide a survey on convolutional neural networks in medical image analysis. First, we review the commonly used CNNs in medical image processing, including AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet, R-CNN, and FCNN. Then, we present an overview of the use of CNNs, for image classification, segmentation, detection, and other tasks such as registration, content-based image retrieval, image generation and enhancement, in some typical medical diagnosis areas such as brain, breast, and abdominal. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges of CNNs in medical image analysis, and accordingly we present some ideas for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrazines is a group of volatile heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds contributing to baking, roasted, and nutty flavors in food products. Maillard reaction (MR) is an important mean of synthesizing pyrazines. As welcomed volatile compounds, the generation of pyrazines from the MR are expected to be promoted during food processing. On some occasions, the MR needs to be suppressed for minimizing the formation of harmful MR products (MRPs), undesirable color, and off-flavors, but in turn, inhibiting the formation of pyrazines simultaneously. Control strategies of pyrazines generation from the MR were emphasized in this review, including utilization of new reactants, modification of reaction conditions, and adoption of emerging techniques. Ammonia released from the pyrolysis of amino sources significantly promoted the generation of pyrazines. Peptides-involved MR systems generally synthesized more types and higher content of pyrazines, which depended on the structure of N -terminal amino acid in the peptide. The oil-in-water MR emulsions generated more pyrazines due to numerous lipid oxidation products imparted into the MR as intermediates. Emerging technologies, such as ultrasound promoted the pyrazines formation in MR model systems due to an extremely high temperature and pressure environment favored by the MR. Some other strategies suppressed the MR for minimizing the generation of harmful MRPs and meanwhile, inhibiting the formation of pyrazines, e.g. high-pressure processing, addition of phenolic compounds, and utilization of low reactive pentapeptide and ketohexoses. The strategies summarized in this review are applicable for achieving pyrazines control in the food industry. [Display omitted] • Control strategies of pyrazines generation from Maillard reaction (MR) are reviewed. • Utilization of new amino sources as reactants of MR promotes formation of pyrazines. • Ultrasound-assisted MR is a promising mean of synthesizing various pyrazines. • Substituted pyrazines are largely formed in oil-in-water MR emulsions. • Polyphenols as dicarbonyl compounds scavengers inhibit formation of pyrazines via MR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of SiC on microstructure and properties of plasma sprayed ZrB 2 –ZrC composite coating were investigated. Plasma sprayed ZrB 2 –ZrC and ZrB 2 –ZrC–SiC composite coatings were prepared and compared. The addition of SiC could improve the density of the ZrB 2 –ZrC–SiC coating that lead to better mechanical properties. The reason was that SiC improved the melting state of powder feedstocks during plasma spraying process and refined grains in ZrB 2 –ZrC–SiC composite coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantitative prediction and control of assembly stress are crucial for the accuracy of precision optical instruments during their manufacturing process. As a typical optical component, the multipoint bonded flat lens is widely used in precision optical instruments, in which the main assembly stress (i.e., radial adhesive stress) and its induced nonuniform stress field in the lens vary with environmental parameters and time. These factors ultimately determine the accuracy and stability of such precision instruments. Effective prediction of the radial adhesive stress is important for bonding parameter optimization and accuracy enhancement but remains difficult to obtain due to the lack of direct measurement devices and effective prediction methods. Here, a novel prediction method is presented to estimate the radial adhesive stress applied on a multipoint bonded flat lenses. First, a quantitative characterization method (QCM) is developed to concisely describe the nonuniform stress field in a lens using quantitative characterization parameters (QCPs). Then, based on the QCM and the theoretical model established in our previous work (Xiong et al., 2022), a prediction method is developed for the radial adhesive stress applied on a lens by analyzing the stress field in the lens. In this method, a backpropagation neural network is constructed to obtain the mapping relationship between the key QCPs of the stress field and the radial adhesive stress applied on the lens. Finally, an experimental verification of the prediction method is carried out. This paper proposes a novel method to predict the radial adhesive stress for multipoint bonded optical lenses, which can be adopted to monitor the variation characteristics of assembly stress in optical instruments during the entire life cycle and then further employed to optimize the bonding parameters during the lens manufacturing process. This paper attempts to construct a direct mapping relationship between assembly quality and assembly parameters for precision instruments, supporting the quantitative optimization of assembly parameters and quantitative control and prediction of assembly quality during the manufacturing and working process. [Display omitted] • A quantitative characterization method to describe the stress field in a lens is proposed. • Quantitative features of the stress field in multipoint bonded lenses are revealed. • The radial adhesive stress is predicted by analyzing the stress field in the lens. • A mapping relationship between assembly quality and assembly parameter is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed work introduces a novel, lightweight feature fusion network model based on the attention mechanism to address the issues of high time consumption and poor effectiveness in wind turbine blade surface defect detection. A bidirectional feature fusion network enhances the YOLOX network. The model employs an attention mechanism module to learn channel and spatial feature information. A classification loss function with an attenuation factor is designed to tackle the unbalanced distribution of learning weights for multiple samples in the blade surface defect detection task. Additionally, to mitigate recognition loss caused by target occlusion or overlap, the Soft-NMS method is utilized to eliminate redundant detection boxes. Sample imbalance is addressed by creating new samples using a geometric transformation-based multi-sample fusion data enhancement method and unsupervised learning MFF-GAN image editing techniques. A feature fusion network comparison test, classification loss function comparison test, and attention mechanism module position ablation test were completed using the blade surface defect dataset. The results indicate that the blade surface defect detection model incorporating the attention mechanism can effectively identify five types of defects with an average detection accuracy of mAP-0.5, achieving approximately 95.03 % and a detection frame rate of about 54.56 frame·s−1. Compared with the YOLOX-s network, YOLOv7-tiny network, and YOLOv8-s network, this model can improve the recognition rate and shorten the detection time, achieving high precision and rapid identification and localization of blade surface defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The experiments of formation evacuating in two specific water depths were conducted. • Pedestrian subjective fatigue and evacuation speed in formation evacuating is compared. • Step length and frequency of the pedestrians in formation evacuating is analyzed. • Combined with fatigue and evacuation speed, suggestions on flood evacuation methods were given. The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as "without rope") and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as "with rope"), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as "individual") in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in "with rope". Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to "individual". Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in "with rope". Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in "with rope" , particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A nonparametric trend testing method was proposed. • The statistical values of this method have asymptotic normality. • It tests not only overall but also internal trends in precipitation and temperature. Trend testing is essential for time sequence analysis. However, the existing trend testing methods mainly study the trends of the sequence as a whole, while there is a lack of feasible research tools for the internal trends of the sequence. Therefore, a non-parametric method was proposed to study the overall and internal trends of the sequence using the ideas of set pair, Cox-Stuart, Innovative Trend Analysis Methodology, and Mann-Kendall and applied to temperature and precipitation sequences. The applied study indicated that the overall and internal trends for global temperature were significantly increasing at the confidence level of α = 0.05. For precipitation, the trends (both overall and internal) of Laifeng and Leibo were increasing and decreasing, respectively, and some of the internal trends were significant (α = 0.05); however, the overall and internal trends of Pingbian and Sangzhi were not exactly the same, i.e., the trend of high (low) values in Pingbian (Sangzhi) was different from the other trends of the rest. In general, the method successfully tested not only the overall trends in temperature and precipitation, but also their internal (divided into low, middle, and high values) trends. These results agreed with the linear slope, Sen's slope, Mann-Kendall, and its improved. Therefore, the method can be used for trend analysis of the sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A multifunctional composite textile with a soft-rigid unified structure (SRUS) was fabricated in a simple way. • The SRUS textile achieved the highest grade of cut/puncture resistance as defined by the standard. • Particles increased stiffness of resin blocks, enhancing SRUS textiles' cut/puncture resistance. • Resin blocks' hard passivation and gaps' friction self-locking are the anti-puncture mechanisms of SRUS textiles. • The SRUS textile's anti-cutting mechanism is attributed to the reverse cutting of hard particles on the blade. This study presents a soft-rigid unified structure (SRUS) textile composed of an inorganic powder (IP) reinforced epoxy resin block (EIPB) array and a soft textile substrate via a pattern-controllable integrated molding method. The influence of IP content and alumina particle size on the cut and puncture resistance of the resulting SRUS textile was systematically investigated. Furthermore, the anti-puncture and anti-cutting mechanisms of the SRUS textile were comprehensively evaluated based on the analysis of damage morphology and process. The experimental results demonstrated a significant enhancement in the puncture and cut resistance of the SRUS textile upon the incorporation of IP. Moreover, the cut/puncture resistance of the SRUS textile increased with an increase in IP content and the size of Al 2 O 3 , and the optimal cut/puncture resistance was observed at 60 mesh-50 wt.%. Additionally, the anti-puncture mechanism of the SRUS textile was attributed to the presence of hard passivation at the EIPB, as well as friction self-locking at the gaps. The anti-cutting mechanism was ascribed to the reverse cutting action exerted by the hard particles on the blade, preventing further penetration. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to its enhanced protective performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel cross-sectional design for concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns termed "concrete-filled double square steel tube" (CFDSST). The CFDSST columns incorporate an inner square steel tube positioned diagonally at 45° relative to the outer square steel tube, which serves as a stiffener for the outer tube. A three-dimensional finite element simulation model is presented to accurately predict the behavior of axially loaded CFDSST short columns. This model considers the influence of concrete confinement by the steel tubes. Experimental data are employed to validate the accuracy of the finite element model. The validated model is then utilized to assess the performance of the proposed columns, considering various geometric and material properties. The results highlight the substantial enhancement in structural performance achieved by the innovative CFDSST column configuration compared to conventional square CFST columns. The integration of the inner CFST components enhances both buckling resistance and the confinement mechanism of the column. This contributes to the increased load-bearing capacity, ductility, and residual strength of the columns. Notably, the steel tube thickness, the yield strength, and the concrete compressive strength greatly affect the performance of the column. Lastly, a simplified design model is formulated to predict the compressive capacity of the CFDSST stub columns, providing accurate outcomes validated by numerical analysis. • A new configuration of CFST columns is introduced. • Finite-element simulation model for CFDSST stub columns is developed. • The behavior of CFDSST stub columns is parametrically studied. • The proposed finite-element simulation and design models provide accurate predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and hippocampal inhibitory neuron dysfunction is often refractory to current therapies. Gap junctional or electrical coupling between inhibitory neurons has been proposed to facilitate network synchrony and intercellular molecular exchange suggesting a role in both seizures and neurodegeneration. While gap junction blockers can limit acute seizures, whether blocking neuronal gap junctions can modify development of chronic epilepsy has not been examined. This study examined whether mefloquine, a selective blocker of Connexin 36 gap junctions which are well characterized in inhibitory neurons, can limit epileptogenesis and related cellular and behavioral pathology in a model of acquired TLE. A single, systemic dose of mefloquine administered early after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in rat reduced both development of SRS and behavioral co-morbidities. Immunostaining for interneuron subtypes identified that mefloquine treatment likely reduced delayed inhibitory neuronal loss after SE. Uniquely, parvalbumin expressing neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus appeared relatively resistant to early cell loss after SE. Functionally, whole cell patch clamp recordings revealed that mefloquine treatment preserved inhibitory synaptic drive to projection neurons one week and one month after SE. These results demonstrate that mefloquine, a drug already approved for malaria prophylaxis, is potentially antiepileptogenic and can protect against progressive interneuron loss and behavioral co-morbidities of epilepsy. • Single dose mefloquine treatment after an acute seizure reduces development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. • Mefloquine treatment after seizure protects against delayed interneuron loss with cell-type and regional specificity. • Functionally, mefloquine treatment preserved inhibitory synaptic drive to projection neurons after SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]