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The roles of platelets/megakaryocytes (MKs), the key components in the blood system, in the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immunity are unclear. In patients with colorectal cancer, the number of platelets was significantly increased in patients with metastasis, and Erbin expression was highly expressed in platelets from patients with metastases. Moreover, Erbin knockout in platelets/MKs suppressed lung metastasis in mice and promoted aggregations of platelets. Mechanistically, Erbin-deficient platelets have increasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and secrete lipid metabolites like acyl-carnitine (Acar) by abolishing interaction with prothrombotic protein ESAM. Notably, Acar enhanced the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in B cells by acetylation of H3K27 epigenetically. Targeting Erbin in platelets/MKs by a nanovesicle system dramatically attenuated lung metastasis in mice in vivo. Our study identifies an Erbin-mitochondria axis in platelets/MKs, which suppresses B cell-mediated antitumor immunity, suggesting a new way for the treatment of metastasis. [Display omitted] • Erbin is key for functions of platelets/megakaryocytes in cancer progression • Platelets/megakaryocytes and B cells axis are crucial for niches of tumor immunity • Erbin-mitochondria axis is critical for antitumor immunity • Acyl-carnitine mediates mitochondrial function transfer between platelets and B cells Platelets/megakaryocytes are functionally associated with hemostasis and thrombosis. Zhang et al. found that Erbin deficiency platelets/megakaryocytes prefer to adhere B cells to mediate antitumor immunity, which was triggered by Erbin-mitochondria axis and platelets/megakaryocytes derived lipid metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining the social capital theory and trait activation theory, we build a moderated mediation model to explain how and when sojourners' proactive personality associates with their citizenship behaviors. Specifically, we argue that social adjustment works as the mediator via which proactive personality relates to citizenship behaviors. At the same time, cultural distance serves as a trait-relevant situational cue that activates the proactive personality of sojourners. Using the three-wave prospective design data and incorporating a sample of 167 international students studying at a southeastern U.S. University, we found that the conditional indirect effect of proactive personality on citizenship behavior through social adjustment was more positive under high, rather than low, levels of cultural distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H + -SOFCs) have attracted considerable interest recently. However, the overall cell performance of H + -SOFCs is still low due to the lack of a promising cathode material. In this study, SrSc 0.175 Nb 0.025 Co 0.8 O 3-δ (SSNC) was synthesized for evaluation as a cathode material in H + -SOFCs based on a BaZr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.2 O 3-δ (BZCY) electrolyte. The chemical compatibility and stability of the SSNC cathode with the BZCY electrolyte in humidified air were studied. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of the SSNC cathode on the BZCY electrolyte was investigated using SSNC/BZCY/SSNC symmetrical cells at 600 °C in dry air and humidified air at various H 2 O partial pressures. Promising electrocatalytic activity was observed for the SSNC cathode in humidified air. The area specific resistance obtained on symmetrical cells at 600 °C in a 10% H 2 O-air atmosphere was 0.26 Ω cm 2 . A promising peak power density of 498 mW cm −2 was obtained using an anode-supported cell with a 46 μm-thick BZCY electrolyte layer at 700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper chooses government, resident and developer for the core stakeholders of the urban renewal who can affect the realization of the urban renewal objectives during the whole life cycle of the urban renewal construction. Based on the analysis of literature summary about urban renewal, this paper confirms 30 influence factors of comprehensive benefits in urban renewal through the questionnaire. The evaluation index system of 16 factors containing three subsystems of government benefits, resident benefits and developer benefits is established through factor analysis theory. Entropy method was then used to assign weights on criteria and macro-criteria. The weights of government, residents and developers are respectively 0.343, 0.386, 0.271. Then an evaluation model of urban renewal comprehensive benefit is put up. Fuzzy theory is used to calculate the evaluation values of Lieder village renewal in Guangzhou and the evaluation result shows that the comprehensive benefit evaluation of Lieder village renewal is good. The result is accord with actual. It has a certain practical value for the evaluation model used on the comprehensive benefit evaluation of urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The hippocampus, a major component of the brain, is one of the target nervous organs in lead poisoning. In this work, a rat’s hippocampal injury caused by lead was studied. The lead concentrations in blood, bone and hippocampus collected from rats subject to lead poisoning were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry while morphological information and elemental distributions in the hippocampus were obtained with synchrotron radiation X-ray phase contrast imaging and synchrotron radiation micro-beam X-ray fluorescence, respectively. For comparison, identical characterization of the specimens from the rats in the control group was done in parallel. Results show that the ratios between the lead content in the treated group and that in the control group of the hippocampus, bone, and blood are about 2.66, 236, and 39.6, respectively. Analysis also revealed that some health elements such as S, K, Cl and P increase in the regions with high lead content in the treated hippocampus. Morphological differences between the normal and lead-exposed hippocampus specimens in some local areas were observed. Explicitly, the structure of the lead-exposed hippocampus was tortuous and irregular, and the density of the neurons in the Dentate Gyrus was significantly lower than that from the control group. The study shows that the synchrotron radiation methods are very powerful for investigating structural injury caused by heavy metals in the nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recent discoveries of well-preserved Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous salamander fossils from China are helping to resolve highly controversial aspects of caudate phylogeny. Here we report on a new Early Cretaceous salamander, Regalerpeton weichangensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Huajiying Formation in Hebei Province, China. This specimen is characterized by long, arched vomerine tooth rows running parallel to the maxillary arcade; a long and tapered anterior ramus of the pterygoid that curves anteromedially; an ossified hyobranchium with one pair of hypobranchials and two pairs of ceratobranchials; and scapulocoracoids with greatly expanded, approximately rectangular coracoid components. Phylogenic analysis places Regalerpeton as the sister group to a Cryptobranchidae clade including Chunerpeton, with Jeholotriton and Pangerpeton as successive sister taxa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to investigate FeSO4, ZnSO4 (the two of main metal compositions of Shanghai PM2.5 (particle matter with those aerodynamical diameter <2.5μm)) effects on acute lung injury, six solutions contained PM2.5 aerosol particles, FeSO4, ZnSO4 and their mixtures were instilled intratracheally into mouse lungs for experiment. By 2 days after instillation, the live mice were checked in vivo by synchrotron refractive index microradiography. In addition after extracted and examined by dissection, the right lobes of lung were fixed by formalin, then imaged by synchrotron microradiography again. Corresponding parts of those lung tissues were embedded in paraffin for histopathologic study. The synchrotron X-ray microradiographs of live mouse lung showed different lung texture changes after instilled with different toxic solutions. Hemorrhage points in lung were observed more from those mice instilled by FeSO4 contained toxin solutions groups. Bronchial epithelial hyperplasia can be observed in ZnSO4 contained solution-instilled groups from histopathologic analysis. It was found that the acute lung injury of mice caused by solution of PM2.5 +FeSO4 +ZnSO4 was more serious than other toxin solutions. Results suggested that FeSO4 mainly induced hemorrhage and ZnSO4 mainly induced inflammation and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia in the early toxicological effects of PM2.5. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

After having introduced by ion implantation 57Fe to a local concentration of 7 at% into Co6Ag94, we observed it by conversion electron Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy in the as-prepared state and after isochronal annealing. A superferromagnetic state is inferred, which is correlated with the ordering of the magnetic moments on the Fe clusters through chain-like or dendritic Co/Fe linear structures. The magnetic moment disordering temperature lies above 473 K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, an active disturbance rejection control guidance law is proposed for the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) collision avoidance. First, a linear time-varying collision avoidance model based on a collision cone is established. Then the active disturbance rejection control guidance law is designed to ensure the security of UAV collision avoidance. In addition, the stability of a nonlinear active disturbance rejection system with an extended state observer is proved by the circle criterion, and the stability conditions are used to design the guidance coefficients. A simulation system based on a six-degrees-of-freedom UAV model is used to demonstrate the performance of this guidance law. The results conclusively demonstrate that this method can achieve collision avoidance in the presence of sensor noise, an unknown acceleration of an obstacle, and wind disturbance. Moreover, the manoeuvring range of collision avoidance using this method is narrower than the collision avoidance method based on nonlinear dynamic inversion guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is very little information on the costs of different surgeries for displaced femoral neck fractures. This study aimed to compare the costs between internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty (HA) in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture.Method: A total of 142 patients aged 65 years or older who had been randomized into internal fixation group (n = 70) or HA group (n = 72) were followed for 2 years. Cost data was collected through hospitalization information, cost diary and telephone interview. Sensitivity analysis was performed for missing diaries. The total costs were collected and compared between the two groups.Results: All diaries were completed by 69.7% of patients. The mean costs of primary treatment were significantly lower for internal fixation (CNY 21,631) compared with HA (CNY 51,641) (p < 0.001). The mean post-discharge costs were similar for both procedures: CNY 37,377 for internal fixation and CNY 34,981 for HA (p = 0.640). The mean total costs for internal fixation were CNY 59,008, which was significantly lower than the mean total costs of CNY 86,622 for HA (p = 0.002).Conclusion: Although the post-discharge costs of internal fixation were slightly higher, the total costs were still lower than for HA due to great variance in costs of primary treatment. In China, internal fixation may be less costly than HA for displaced femoral neck fracture treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Spermidine (Spd) can promote cell proliferation and pigment synthesis. • Fucoxanthin were the highest when spermidine was added under low light. • PDS was up-regulated and VDE was down-regulated with exogenous Spd in low light. • Spd may repair the photosynthetic system at high light but little effect on pigments. Spermidine is a type of important growth regulator, which involved in the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, and has the function of promoting cell proliferation. In this study, Isochrysis sp. was selected as the research object to explore the effects of spermidine supplementation on the growth of algal cells and fucoxanthin synthesis under different light intensities. The results showed that the cell density (5.40 × 106 cells/mL) of algae were the highest at 11 days under the light intensity of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 and spermidine content of 150 μM. The contents of diadinoxanthin (1.09 mg/g) and fucoxanthin (6.11 mg/g) were the highest when spermidine was added under low light intensity, and the growth of algal cells and fucoxanthin metabolism were the most significant. In the carotenoid synthesis pathway, PDS (phytoene desaturase) was up-regulated by 1.96 times and VDE (violaxanthin de-epoxidase) was down-regulated by 0.95 times, which may promote fucoxanthin accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium-free InP quantum dots (QDs) exhibit many unique optical properties, and show great promise as light emitting materials. In this work, a series of high-efficient and color-tunable transition metal ions (Cu, Mn) single- and co-doped InP/ZnS QDs with the average size of 3.2–3.7 nm, were firstly prepared via a nucleation-doping method in an organic synthetic route. These three kinds of doped InP/ZnS QDs all exhibit dual emission with one peak position around green region owing to the intrinsic state and the other peak position around orange-red region resulted from dopant emission, the relative intensity of which can be effectively tuned by varying Cu or Mn dopant concentration. The dopant emission of Cu doped InP/ZnS QDs from 572 to 696 nm can be realized via increasing Cu dopant concertration from 0.25% to 10%, while the peak position of dopant emission in Mn doped InP/ZnS QDs system remains unaltered as Mn dopant concentration increasing. Besides, the interaction mechanism of Cu and Mn dopant in co-doped InP/ZnS QDs system was investigated with steady-state and time-resolved PL spectroscopy measurements. The results reveal that the dopant emission is dominated by Cu doping rather than Mn doping. These unique results in doped InP/ZnS QDs would help to understand the fundamental aspects of doping, and the dual-emissive and color-tunable optical properties of single-phase doped InP/ZnS QDs will endow them with great promise as color-converting materials for use in solid-state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthobunyaviruses have been reported to cause severe diseases in humans or animals, posing a potential threat to human health and socio-economy. Ebinur lake virus (EBIV) is a newly classified orthobunyavirus, which can induce the histopathogenic change and even the high mortality of infected BALB/c mice. Therefore, it is needed to further study the viral replication and pathogenesis, and develop the therapies to cope with its potential infection to human or animals. Here, through the reverse genetics system, the recombinant EBIV of wild type (rEBIV/WT) and NP-conjugated-eGFP (rEBIV/eGFP/S) were rescued for the application of the high-content screening (HCS) of antiviral drug. The eGFP fluorescence signal of the rEBIV/eGFP/S was stable in the process of successive passage in BHK-21 cells (over 10 passages) and this recombinant virus could replicate in various cell lines. Compared to the wild type EBIV, the rEBIV/eGFP/S caused the smaller plaques (diameter around 1 mm on 3 dpi) and lower peak titers (105 PFU/mL), suggesting attenuation due to the eGFP insertion. Through the high-content screening (HCS) system, two antiviral compounds, ribavirin and favipiravir, which previously reported to have effect to some bunyavirus were tested firstly. Ribavirin showed an inhibitory effect on the rEBIV/eGFP/S (EC50 = 14.38 μM) as our expect, while favipiravir with no inhibitory effect even using high doses. Furthermore, Tyrphostin A9 (EC50 = 0.72 μM for rEBIV/eGFP/S, EC50 = 0.05 μM for EBIV-WT) and UNC0638 (EC50 = 1.26 μM for rEBIV/eGFP/S, EC50 = 1.10 μM for rEBIV/eGFP/S) were identified with strong antiviral effect against EBIV in vitro from 150 antiviral compounds. In addition, the time-of-addition assay indicated that Tyrphostin A9 worked in the stage of viral post-infection, and the UNC0638 in all pre-, co-, and post-infection stages. This robust reverse genetics system will facilitate the investigation into the studying of viral replication and assembly mechanisms, and the development of drug and vaccine for EBIV in the future. • The first reverse genetic system of EBIV has been constructed. • Reporter EBIV with eGFP has been developed to use in the application of high content screening. • Tyrphostin A9 and UNV0638 are identified to have strong antiviral effect against EBIV when compare to Ribavirin. • UNC0638 works in all stages including pre-, co-, and post-infection, while Tyrphostin A9 only works in viral replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: PM2.5 samples were collected in Shanghai at four sites with different typical land-uses. The sampling was done concurrently once per month from April 2004 to April 2005, and the ambient mass concentration, the elemental composition and the stable lead isotope ratios in these PM2.5 samples were determined. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 samples at each site were 84±30, 65±20, 55±18, and 41±10μgm−3, respectively, indicating there were severe air pollution levels in Shanghai. The enrichment factor was calculated for each element and the comparison and discussion of elements with significant anthropogenic contributions between Shanghai and Tokyo suggested that the major source of PM2.5 in Shanghai was not traffic-derived emissions, but the stationary industrial contribution emitted from coal use. Moreover, the analysis of stable lead isotope ratios revealed only a slight difference within the samples at the four sites which fell well within the scope of coal composition difference, further confirming that the contribution from stationary industrial emissions to atmospheric lead pollution of PM2.5 was very substantial in Shanghai. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously at three representative areas (central city, industrial area and clean air suburban) of Shanghai city. Their morphologies and elemental compositions were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy analysis (SEM-EDX). The particles were classified into four groups based on morphology and elemental composition. Soot aggregates and spherical fly ash particles were the two dominant types and they were identified as originating from automobile exhaust, metallurgical industry and coal combustion. The size distribution of the particles showed that most had diameters in the range of 0.2–1.4 μm. Individual particles were measured by synchrotron radiation micro-beam X-ray fluorescence (micro-SXRF) and the micro-SXRF spectra were obtained. Pattern recognition techniques, which took the micro-SXRF spectrum of a single aerosol particle as its fingerprint, were used to identify the origins of the particles. Seven source types were identified. They were: metallurgical industry, vehicle exhaust, soil dust, coal combustion, diesel exhaust, oil combustion and motorcycle exhaust. Metallurgical industry, automobile exhaust, and coal combustion were recognized to be the main pollution sources of PM2.5 in the air of Shanghai city. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Particulate air pollution is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, important uncertainties remain in the quantification of extrapulmonary translocation of ultrafine particles into blood circulation. Therefore, the widely used radioiodinated technique was applied to radiolabel polystyrene particles with an average diameter of 56.4 and 202nm, respectively. The extrapulmonary distribution of these particles (3.7×105 Bq/rat) was quantified at 0.5, 2, 24 and 120h after intratracheal instillation in rats. Moreover, we have taken into account the possible involvement of pulmonary inflammation in this process. Rats which received a single intratracheal instillation of free 125I or a single intravenous injection of labeled ultrafine particles served as control. The results indicated that the pulmonary deposition of radioactivity was almost unchanged for both sizes. Only small amounts of radioactivity (1.64–2.49%) were recovered in blood shortly after administration of both types of particle, in healthy rats. However, the extent of particle translocation into the blood of the ultrafine size following the pretreatment with lipopolysaccharides was significantly higher (from 1.96±0.67 to 4.73±0.31%) compared to larger particles (from 2.19±0.77 to 2.21±0.64%). In conclusion, our findings suggest that only a small fraction of intratracheal-instilled ultrafine particles can pass rapidly into systemic circulation, but this translocation is markedly increased following LPS pretreatment. Thus, pulmonary inflammation seems to play a major role in enhancing the extrapulmonary translocation of particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The concentrations of lead as well as the stable lead isotope ratios were measured in the total suspended particles (TSP), collected at three monitoring sites in Shanghai, China, since 1995 ranging the period of phasing out of leaded gasoline. During all these years, the variation of lead concentrations in TSP showed the feature of site- dependence. In the traditionally industrial area of YangPu district, the concentrations were sometimes extremely high and did not have temporal correlation. In the other residential areas, the concentrations dropped quite a lot, but were still highly above the average contents of other counterpart cities in the world. The analysis of stable lead isotope ratios showed that lead isotopic composition in YangPu district varied much and changed randomly with time, while in Huangpu and PuTuo districts, the value of 207Pb/206Pb dropped significantly from 0.872±0.002 to 0.861±0.002. Combined with the data of lead contents and isotopic compositions of source-related samples, such as cements, coals, coal fly ashes, metallurgic dusts, oil combustion dusts, gasoline samples and soils, it was indicated that contribution from lead additives to airborne lead pollution in Shanghai was less than 30% in the time when leaded gasoline was used. However, stationary emission was always a dominant source in Shanghai, and the primary component of lead was believed to be contributed by the vast combustion of lead-containing coal emitted mainly by industrial activities all these years. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The stable lead (Pb) isotope ratios and the concentrations of 23 elements, including heavy metals and toxic elements, were measured in the PM10 airborne particle samples collected at seven monitoring sites in Shanghai, China, to evaluate the current elemental compositions and local airborne Pb isotope ratio characteristics. Some source-related samples, such as cement, coal and oil combustion dust, metallurgic dust, vehicle exhaust particles derived from leaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline, and polluted soils were analyzed for their Pb content and isotope ratio and compared to those observed in PM10 samples. Airborne Pb concentration ranged from 167 to 854 ng/m3 in the seven monitored sites with an average of 515 ng/m3 in Shanghai, indicating that a high concentration of Pb remains in the air after the phasing out of leaded gasoline. Lead isotopic compositions in airborne particles (207Pb/206Pb, 0.8608±0.0018; 208Pb/206Pb, 2.105±0.005) are clearly distinct from the vehicle exhaust particles (207Pb/206Pb, 0.8854±0.0075; 208Pb/206Pb, 2.145±0.006), suggesting that the automotive lead is not currently the major component of Pb in the air. By using a binary mixing equation, a source apportionment based on 207Pb/206Pb ratios, indicates that the contribution from automotive emission to the airborne Pb is around 20%. The Pb isotope ratios obtained in the source-related samples confirmed that the major emission sources are metallurgic dust, coal combustion, and cement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]