Search

[Display omitted] • Characterizing the heterogeneity of individual cognitive aging from a mitochondrial perspective. • Comprehensively assessing brain resilience through genetic metrics. • Individuals' levels of brain resilience were comprehensively measured by eight pathological characteristics. • The performance of PRS models could be efficiently improved by incorporating mitochondria-related loci. • Significant implications for the prevention and intervention of Alzheimer's disease. Identification of high-risk people for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for prognosis and early management. Longitudinal epidemiologic studies have observed heterogeneity in the brain and cognitive aging. Brain resilience was described as above-expected cognitive function. The "resilience" framework has been shown to correlate with individual characteristics such as genetic factors and age. Besides, accumulative evidence has confirmed the association of mitochondria with the pathogenesis of AD. However, it is challenging to assess resilience through genetic metrics, in particular incorporating mitochondria-associated loci. In this paper, we first demonstrated that polygenic risk scores (PRS) could characterize individuals' resilience levels. Then, we indicated that mitochondria-associated loci could improve the performance of PRSs, providing more reliable measurements for the prevention and diagnosis of AD. The discovery (N = 1,550) and independent validation samples (N = 2,090) were used to construct nine types of PRSs containing mitochondria-related loci (PRSMT) from both biological and statistical aspects and combined them with known AD risk loci derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Individuals' levels of brain resilience were comprehensively measured by linear regression models using eight pathological characteristics. It was found that PRSs could characterize brain resilience levels (e.g., Pearson correlation test P min = 7.96 × 10 - 9 ). Moreover, the performance of PRS models could be efficiently improved by incorporating a small number of mitochondria-related loci (e.g., Pearson correlation test P improved from 1.41 × 10 - 3 to 6.09 × 10 - 6 ). PRSs' ability to characterize brain resilience was validated. More importantly, by incorporating some mitochondria-related loci, the performance of PRSs in measuring brain resilience could be significantly improved. Our findings imply that mitochondria may play an important role in brain resilience, and targeting mitochondria may open a new door to AD prevention and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes the research progress in the field of intraoral microvascular anastomosis techniques (IAT) and attempts to investigate the indications for procedures in which IAT can be applied, the surgical procedure and the difficulties involved, technical assessments, result evaluation and the perspective. Currently, microvascular anastomosis technique is widely used in maxillofacial defects reconstruction from various causes including cutaneous injury or congenital deformity which usually required extensive flap reconstruction and therefore a vascular free flap is routinely used. Conventional microvascular anastomosis reconstruction techniques cannot avoid new incisions, which will affect the postoperative aesthetic situation. Surgeons have therefore attempted to improve this technique to effectively eliminate scars caused by surgery: some patients can be chosen to undergo microvascular anastomosis of the free flap intraorally, thus reducing the extraoral incision caused by the anastomosis located in neck or maxillofacial improving the postoperative appearance of the patients. In addition to preserving the external appearance, intraoral anastomosis technique (IAT) can also solve some other problems of maxillofacial vascular anastomosis, such as insufficient vessel pedicle length and high risk of facial nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Graded fuel and oxidizer integrated microspheres improve combustion performance. • Thermal shock induces local cavitation effect leading to microexplosive combustion. • Integrate the three-step thermal decomposition process of AP into a single step. • The reduced heat and mass transfer distance promotes energy release efficiency. The combustion agglomeration of aluminum (Al) and the long heat and mass transfer distance between Al and oxidizer cause serious two-phase flow loss and slag accumulation in the engine of solid propellants. Here, we present an effective strategy by in-situ encapsulating graded nano-aluminum (nAl) and micron-aluminum (μAl) in ammonium perchlorate (AP) simultaneously by using hydroxymethyl cellulose (HMC) as adhesive and constructing a compact coupling fuel oxidizer complex high-energy microsphere (μAl/nAl@AP/HMC) to enhance the energy release efficiency and combustion efficiency. Compared with physical mixture (PM), the ignition delay time and combustion time of μAl/nAl@AP/HMC microspheres are reduced by 69.58 % and 69.87 %, owing to the decomposition process control of AP through the adsorption and spatial constraint effect on the interface between metal fuels and oxidizer. Furthermore, the nAl embedded in the AP surface forms a hot spot around the μAl to promote the combustion reaction, thereby shortening the cavitation threshold and tensile limit time of μAl and accelerating the occurrence of microexplosion. Microexplosion effect in μAl/nAl@AP/HMC microsphere significantly weakens combustion agglomeration and improves combustion efficiency and energy release efficiency by sharp shrinkage of combustion condensation products, which addresses the challenges on energy output and combustion efficiency in high-density solid propellants. The composite energetic microspheres (nAl/μAl@AP/HMC) were prepared using a self-assembly method, where graded fuels(nAl and μAl) were encapsulated within an oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate (AP). High reactive nAl produces thermal shock during combustion, which effects local cavitation effect on the μAl, and then triggers microexplosive combustion of microspheres. The adsorption effect of graded nAl on the gaseous products of AP decomposition modifies the three-step decomposition process of AP into a single-step decomposition, resulting in facilitating the concentrated release of acid and oxidizing gases during AP decomposition. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Sleep deprivation increased ROS and DNA damage in zebrafish brain. • PQQ pretreatment reduced DNA damage within single neuron. • PQQ inhibited both sleep deprivation and AAPH-induced ROS production. • SIRT1 activation was critical for PQQ to ameliorate sleep deprivation-induced DNA damage. Sleep is essential to animals with circadian rhythms. Sleep deprivation causes serious pathophysiological consequences, such as DNA damage and oxidative stress. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a bioactive food ingredient with antioxidant properties. Here, we used zebrafish continuous swimming paradigm sleep deprivation model to investigate the effect of PQQ on DNA damage. We found that DNA damage and neuronal activity increase following sleep deprivation. PQQ pretreatment reduced DNA damage in the zebrafish dorsal pallium. As an antioxidant, PQQ effectively inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by 2,2′-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide dihydrochloride (AAPH) and sleep deprivation, and upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes sod1 and gpx4b. Also, PQQ ameliorated the decreased silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression level, suggesting that PQQ may remove excessive ROS by activating SIRT1, thereby reducing DNA damage within neurons. This study indicates that PQQ has strong antioxidant function, provides ideas for further development of ingredients for sleep recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]